[ARVADOS] updated: 1.3.0-1563-gc01708aa5

Git user git at public.curoverse.com
Fri Sep 6 17:25:08 UTC 2019


Summary of changes:
 lib/config/deprecated_keepstore.go | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

  discards  c4b2a2eb8ba9dc7387fb23673c18d3b2c9dc171c (commit)
       via  c01708aa52bd78d76fe9372ff8c218ce447ef404 (commit)

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commit c01708aa52bd78d76fe9372ff8c218ce447ef404
Author: Tom Clegg <tclegg at veritasgenetics.com>
Date:   Fri Sep 6 13:24:57 2019 -0400

    13647: Use cluster config instead of custom keepstore config.
    
    Arvados-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Tom Clegg <tclegg at veritasgenetics.com>

diff --git a/build/run-tests.sh b/build/run-tests.sh
index d70722272..f374fc53e 100755
--- a/build/run-tests.sh
+++ b/build/run-tests.sh
@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@ stop_services() {
         && python sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py stop \
         && all_services_stopped=1
     deactivate
+    unset ARVADOS_CONFIG
 }
 
 interrupt() {
@@ -633,15 +634,12 @@ install_env() {
             for d in \
                 "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/tmp/GOPATH" \
                     "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/tmp" \
+                    "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/arvados" \
                     "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git"; do
+                [[ -h "$d" ]] && rm "$d"
                 [[ -d "$d" ]] && rmdir "$d"
             done
         fi
-        for d in \
-            "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/arvados" \
-                "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git"; do
-            [[ -h "$d" ]] && rm "$d"
-        done
         ln -vsfT "$WORKSPACE" "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git"
         go get -v github.com/kardianos/govendor
         cd "$GOPATH/src/git.curoverse.com/arvados.git"
@@ -712,8 +710,6 @@ retry() {
 }
 
 do_test() {
-    check_arvados_config "$1"
-
     case "${1}" in
         apps/workbench_units | apps/workbench_functionals | apps/workbench_integration)
             suite=apps/workbench
@@ -733,11 +729,14 @@ do_test() {
     case "${1}" in
         services/api)
             stop_services
+            check_arvados_config "$1"
             ;;
         gofmt | govendor | doc | lib/cli | lib/cloud/azure | lib/cloud/ec2 | lib/cloud/cloudtest | lib/cmd | lib/dispatchcloud/ssh_executor | lib/dispatchcloud/worker)
+            check_arvados_config "$1"
             # don't care whether services are running
             ;;
         *)
+            check_arvados_config "$1"
             if ! start_services; then
                 title "test $1 -- failed to start services"
                 return 1
@@ -830,16 +829,17 @@ check_arvados_config() {
 	    install_env
 	fi
 	. "$VENVDIR/bin/activate"
+        cd "$WORKSPACE"
 	eval $(python sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py setup_config)
 	deactivate
     fi
 }
 
 do_install() {
-    check_arvados_config "$1"
     if [[ -n "${skip[install]}" || ( -n "${only_install}" && "${only_install}" != "${1}" && "${only_install}" != "${2}" ) ]]; then
         return 0
     fi
+    check_arvados_config "$1"
     retry do_install_once ${@}
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/config/cmd_test.go b/lib/config/cmd_test.go
index af7c57120..019d5edd0 100644
--- a/lib/config/cmd_test.go
+++ b/lib/config/cmd_test.go
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func (s *CommandSuite) TestCheckOldKeepstoreConfigFile(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
 
-	io.WriteString(f, "Debug: true\n")
+	io.WriteString(f, "Listen: :12345\nDebug: true\n")
 
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	in := `
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Clusters:
 	code := CheckCommand.RunCommand("arvados config-check", []string{"-config", "-", "-legacy-keepstore-config", f.Name()}, bytes.NewBufferString(in), &stdout, &stderr)
 	c.Check(code, check.Equals, 1)
 	c.Check(stdout.String(), check.Matches, `(?ms).*\n\- +.*LogLevel: info\n\+ +LogLevel: debug\n.*`)
-	c.Check(stderr.String(), check.Matches, `.*you should remove the legacy keepstore config file.*\n`)
+	c.Check(stderr.String(), check.Matches, `(?ms).*you should remove the legacy keepstore config file.*\n`)
 }
 
 func (s *CommandSuite) TestCheckUnknownKey(c *check.C) {
diff --git a/lib/config/config.default.yml b/lib/config/config.default.yml
index 24b2e450e..b10a56e53 100644
--- a/lib/config/config.default.yml
+++ b/lib/config/config.default.yml
@@ -176,6 +176,15 @@ Clusters:
       # parameter higher than this value, this value is used instead.
       MaxItemsPerResponse: 1000
 
+      # Maximum number of concurrent requests to accept in a single
+      # service process, or 0 for no limit. Currently supported only
+      # by keepstore.
+      MaxConcurrentRequests: 0
+
+      # Maximum number of 64MiB memory buffers per keepstore server
+      # process, or 0 for no limit.
+      MaxKeepBlockBuffers: 128
+
       # API methods to disable. Disabled methods are not listed in the
       # discovery document, and respond 404 to all requests.
       # Example: {"jobs.create":{}, "pipeline_instances.create": {}}
@@ -316,15 +325,44 @@ Clusters:
 
       # BlobSigningKey is a string of alphanumeric characters used to
       # generate permission signatures for Keep locators. It must be
-      # identical to the permission key given to Keep. IMPORTANT: This is
-      # a site secret. It should be at least 50 characters.
+      # identical to the permission key given to Keep. IMPORTANT: This
+      # is a site secret. It should be at least 50 characters.
       #
       # Modifying BlobSigningKey will invalidate all existing
       # signatures, which can cause programs to fail (e.g., arv-put,
-      # arv-get, and Crunch jobs).  To avoid errors, rotate keys only when
-      # no such processes are running.
+      # arv-get, and Crunch jobs).  To avoid errors, rotate keys only
+      # when no such processes are running.
       BlobSigningKey: ""
 
+      # Enable garbage collection of unreferenced blobs in Keep.
+      BlobTrash: true
+
+      # Time to leave unreferenced blobs in "trashed" state before
+      # deleting them, or 0 to skip the "trashed" state entirely and
+      # delete unreferenced blobs.
+      #
+      # If you use any Amazon S3 buckets as storage volumes, this
+      # must be at least 24h to avoid occasional data loss.
+      BlobTrashLifetime: 336h
+
+      # How often to check for (and delete) trashed blocks whose
+      # BlobTrashLifetime has expired.
+      BlobTrashCheckInterval: 24h
+
+      # Maximum number of concurrent "trash blob" and "delete trashed
+      # blob" operations conducted by a single keepstore process. Each
+      # of these can be set to 0 to disable the respective operation.
+      #
+      # If BlobTrashLifetime is zero, "trash" and "delete trash"
+      # happen at once, so only the lower of these two values is used.
+      BlobTrashConcurrency: 4
+      BlobDeleteConcurrency: 4
+
+      # Maximum number of concurrent "create additional replica of
+      # existing blob" operations conducted by a single keepstore
+      # process.
+      BlobReplicateConcurrency: 4
+
       # Default replication level for collections. This is used when a
       # collection's replication_desired attribute is nil.
       DefaultReplication: 2
@@ -741,6 +779,48 @@ Clusters:
         Price: 0.1
         Preemptible: false
 
+    Volumes:
+      SAMPLE:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          SAMPLE:
+            ReadOnly: false
+        ReadOnly: false
+        Replication: 1
+        StorageClasses:
+          default: true
+          SAMPLE: true
+        Driver: s3
+        DriverParameters:
+
+          # for s3 driver
+          AccessKey: aaaaa
+          SecretKey: aaaaa
+          Endpoint: ""
+          Region: us-east-1a
+          Bucket: aaaaa
+          LocationConstraint: false
+          IndexPageSize: 1000
+          ConnectTimeout: 1m
+          ReadTimeout: 10m
+          RaceWindow: 24h
+          UnsafeDelete: false
+
+          # for azure driver
+          StorageAccountName: aaaaa
+          StorageAccountKey: aaaaa
+          StorageBaseURL: core.windows.net
+          ContainerName: aaaaa
+          RequestTimeout: 30s
+          ListBlobsRetryDelay: 10s
+          ListBlobsMaxAttempts: 10
+          MaxGetBytes: 0
+          WriteRaceInterval: 15s
+          WriteRacePollTime: 1s
+
+          # for local directory driver
+          Root: /var/lib/arvados/keep-data
+          Serialize: false
+
     Mail:
       MailchimpAPIKey: ""
       MailchimpListID: ""
diff --git a/lib/config/deprecated.go b/lib/config/deprecated.go
index 9eb8c40c1..0a030fb04 100644
--- a/lib/config/deprecated.go
+++ b/lib/config/deprecated.go
@@ -102,12 +102,6 @@ func applyDeprecatedNodeProfile(hostname string, ssi systemServiceInstance, svc
 	svc.InternalURLs[arvados.URL{Scheme: scheme, Host: host}] = arvados.ServiceInstance{}
 }
 
-const defaultKeepstoreConfigPath = "/etc/arvados/keepstore/keepstore.yml"
-
-type oldKeepstoreConfig struct {
-	Debug *bool
-}
-
 func (ldr *Loader) loadOldConfigHelper(component, path string, target interface{}) error {
 	if path == "" {
 		return nil
@@ -126,35 +120,6 @@ func (ldr *Loader) loadOldConfigHelper(component, path string, target interface{
 	return nil
 }
 
-// update config using values from an old-style keepstore config file.
-func (ldr *Loader) loadOldKeepstoreConfig(cfg *arvados.Config) error {
-	if ldr.KeepstorePath == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var oc oldKeepstoreConfig
-	err := ldr.loadOldConfigHelper("keepstore", ldr.KeepstorePath, &oc)
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) && (ldr.KeepstorePath == defaultKeepstoreConfigPath) {
-		return nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	cluster, err := cfg.GetCluster("")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if v := oc.Debug; v == nil {
-	} else if *v && cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel != "debug" {
-		cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel = "debug"
-	} else if !*v && cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel != "info" {
-		cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel = "info"
-	}
-
-	cfg.Clusters[cluster.ClusterID] = *cluster
-	return nil
-}
-
 type oldCrunchDispatchSlurmConfig struct {
 	Client *arvados.Client
 
diff --git a/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore.go b/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9d3dc5ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore.go
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const defaultKeepstoreConfigPath = "/etc/arvados/keepstore/keepstore.yml"
+
+type oldKeepstoreConfig struct {
+	Debug  *bool
+	Listen *string
+
+	LogFormat *string
+
+	PIDFile *string
+
+	MaxBuffers  *int
+	MaxRequests *int
+
+	BlobSignatureTTL    *arvados.Duration
+	BlobSigningKeyFile  *string
+	RequireSignatures   *bool
+	SystemAuthTokenFile *string
+	EnableDelete        *bool
+	TrashLifetime       *arvados.Duration
+	TrashCheckInterval  *arvados.Duration
+	PullWorkers         *int
+	TrashWorkers        *int
+	EmptyTrashWorkers   *int
+	TLSCertificateFile  *string
+	TLSKeyFile          *string
+
+	Volumes *oldKeepstoreVolumeList
+
+	ManagementToken *string
+
+	DiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile string // not a real legacy config -- just useful for tests
+}
+
+type oldKeepstoreVolumeList []oldKeepstoreVolume
+
+type oldKeepstoreVolume struct {
+	arvados.Volume
+	Type string `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	// Azure driver configs
+	StorageAccountName    string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	StorageAccountKeyFile string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	StorageBaseURL        string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	ContainerName         string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	AzureReplication      int              `json:",omitempty"`
+	RequestTimeout        arvados.Duration `json:",omitempty"`
+	ListBlobsRetryDelay   arvados.Duration `json:",omitempty"`
+	ListBlobsMaxAttempts  int              `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	// S3 driver configs
+	AccessKeyFile      string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	SecretKeyFile      string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	Endpoint           string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	Region             string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	Bucket             string           `json:",omitempty"`
+	LocationConstraint bool             `json:",omitempty"`
+	IndexPageSize      int              `json:",omitempty"`
+	S3Replication      int              `json:",omitempty"`
+	ConnectTimeout     arvados.Duration `json:",omitempty"`
+	ReadTimeout        arvados.Duration `json:",omitempty"`
+	RaceWindow         arvados.Duration `json:",omitempty"`
+	UnsafeDelete       bool             `json:",omitempty"`
+
+	// Directory driver configs
+	Root                 string
+	DirectoryReplication int
+	Serialize            bool
+
+	// Common configs
+	ReadOnly       bool     `json:",omitempty"`
+	StorageClasses []string `json:",omitempty"`
+}
+
+// update config using values from an old-style keepstore config file.
+func (ldr *Loader) loadOldKeepstoreConfig(cfg *arvados.Config) error {
+	if ldr.KeepstorePath == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("getting hostname: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	var oc oldKeepstoreConfig
+	err = ldr.loadOldConfigHelper("keepstore", ldr.KeepstorePath, &oc)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) && (ldr.KeepstorePath == defaultKeepstoreConfigPath) {
+		return nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cluster, err := cfg.GetCluster("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	myURL := arvados.URL{Scheme: "http"}
+	if oc.TLSCertificateFile != nil && oc.TLSKeyFile != nil {
+		myURL.Scheme = "https"
+	}
+
+	if v := oc.Debug; v == nil {
+	} else if *v && cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel != "debug" {
+		cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel = "debug"
+	} else if !*v && cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel != "info" {
+		cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel = "info"
+	}
+
+	if v := oc.TLSCertificateFile; v != nil && "file://"+*v != cluster.TLS.Certificate {
+		cluster.TLS.Certificate = "file://" + *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.TLSKeyFile; v != nil && "file://"+*v != cluster.TLS.Key {
+		cluster.TLS.Key = "file://" + *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.Listen; v != nil {
+		if _, ok := cluster.Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs[arvados.URL{Scheme: myURL.Scheme, Host: *v}]; ok {
+			// already listed
+			myURL.Host = *v
+		} else if len(*v) > 1 && (*v)[0] == ':' {
+			myURL.Host = net.JoinHostPort(hostname, (*v)[1:])
+			cluster.Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs[myURL] = arvados.ServiceInstance{}
+		} else {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to migrate Listen value %q from legacy keepstore config file -- remove after configuring Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs.", *v)
+		}
+	} else {
+		for url := range cluster.Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs {
+			if host, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(url.Host); host == hostname {
+				myURL = url
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if myURL.Host == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to migrate legacy keepstore config: no 'Listen' key, and hostname %q does not match an entry in Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs", hostname)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if v := oc.LogFormat; v != nil && *v != cluster.SystemLogs.Format {
+		cluster.SystemLogs.Format = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.MaxBuffers; v != nil && *v != cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers {
+		cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.MaxRequests; v != nil && *v != cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests {
+		cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.BlobSignatureTTL; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.BlobSigningKeyFile; v != nil {
+		buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(*v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error reading BlobSigningKeyFile: %s", err)
+		}
+		if key := strings.TrimSpace(string(buf)); key != cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey {
+			cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = key
+		}
+	}
+	if v := oc.RequireSignatures; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobSigning {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.SystemAuthTokenFile; v != nil {
+		f, err := os.Open(*v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error opening SystemAuthTokenFile: %s", err)
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+		buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error reading SystemAuthTokenFile: %s", err)
+		}
+		if key := strings.TrimSpace(string(buf)); key != cluster.SystemRootToken {
+			cluster.SystemRootToken = key
+		}
+	}
+	if v := oc.EnableDelete; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobTrash {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.TrashLifetime; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.TrashCheckInterval; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobTrashCheckInterval {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobTrashCheckInterval = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.TrashWorkers; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobTrashConcurrency = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.EmptyTrashWorkers; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.PullWorkers; v != nil && *v != cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency {
+		cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency = *v
+	}
+	if v := oc.Volumes; v == nil {
+		ldr.Logger.Warn("no volumes in legacy config; discovering local directory volumes")
+		err := ldr.discoverLocalVolumes(cluster, oc.DiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile, myURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error discovering local directory volumes: %s", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		for i, oldvol := range *v {
+			var accessViaHosts map[arvados.URL]arvados.VolumeAccess
+			oldUUID, found := ldr.alreadyMigrated(oldvol, cluster.Volumes, myURL)
+			if found {
+				accessViaHosts = cluster.Volumes[oldUUID].AccessViaHosts
+				writers := false
+				for _, va := range accessViaHosts {
+					if !va.ReadOnly {
+						writers = true
+					}
+				}
+				if writers || len(accessViaHosts) == 0 {
+					ldr.Logger.Infof("ignoring volume #%d's parameters in legacy keepstore config: using matching entry in cluster config instead", i)
+					if len(accessViaHosts) > 0 {
+						cluster.Volumes[oldUUID].AccessViaHosts[myURL] = arvados.VolumeAccess{ReadOnly: oldvol.ReadOnly}
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			var newvol arvados.Volume
+			if found {
+				ldr.Logger.Infof("ignoring volume #%d's parameters in legacy keepstore config: using matching entry in cluster config instead", i)
+				newvol = cluster.Volumes[oldUUID]
+				// Remove the old entry. It will be
+				// added back below, possibly with a
+				// new UUID.
+				delete(cluster.Volumes, oldUUID)
+			} else {
+				var params interface{}
+				switch oldvol.Type {
+				case "S3":
+					accesskeydata, err := ioutil.ReadFile(oldvol.AccessKeyFile)
+					if err != nil && oldvol.AccessKeyFile != "" {
+						return fmt.Errorf("error reading AccessKeyFile: %s", err)
+					}
+					secretkeydata, err := ioutil.ReadFile(oldvol.SecretKeyFile)
+					if err != nil && oldvol.SecretKeyFile != "" {
+						return fmt.Errorf("error reading SecretKeyFile: %s", err)
+					}
+					newvol = arvados.Volume{
+						Driver:         "S3",
+						ReadOnly:       oldvol.ReadOnly,
+						Replication:    oldvol.S3Replication,
+						StorageClasses: array2boolmap(oldvol.StorageClasses),
+					}
+					params = arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{
+						AccessKey:          string(bytes.TrimSpace(accesskeydata)),
+						SecretKey:          string(bytes.TrimSpace(secretkeydata)),
+						Endpoint:           oldvol.Endpoint,
+						Region:             oldvol.Region,
+						Bucket:             oldvol.Bucket,
+						LocationConstraint: oldvol.LocationConstraint,
+						IndexPageSize:      oldvol.IndexPageSize,
+						ConnectTimeout:     oldvol.ConnectTimeout,
+						ReadTimeout:        oldvol.ReadTimeout,
+						RaceWindow:         oldvol.RaceWindow,
+						UnsafeDelete:       oldvol.UnsafeDelete,
+					}
+				case "Azure":
+					keydata, err := ioutil.ReadFile(oldvol.StorageAccountKeyFile)
+					if err != nil && oldvol.StorageAccountKeyFile != "" {
+						return fmt.Errorf("error reading StorageAccountKeyFile: %s", err)
+					}
+					newvol = arvados.Volume{
+						Driver:         "Azure",
+						ReadOnly:       oldvol.ReadOnly,
+						Replication:    oldvol.AzureReplication,
+						StorageClasses: array2boolmap(oldvol.StorageClasses),
+					}
+					params = arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters{
+						StorageAccountName:   oldvol.StorageAccountName,
+						StorageAccountKey:    string(bytes.TrimSpace(keydata)),
+						StorageBaseURL:       oldvol.StorageBaseURL,
+						ContainerName:        oldvol.ContainerName,
+						RequestTimeout:       oldvol.RequestTimeout,
+						ListBlobsRetryDelay:  oldvol.ListBlobsRetryDelay,
+						ListBlobsMaxAttempts: oldvol.ListBlobsMaxAttempts,
+					}
+				case "Directory":
+					newvol = arvados.Volume{
+						Driver:         "Directory",
+						ReadOnly:       oldvol.ReadOnly,
+						Replication:    oldvol.DirectoryReplication,
+						StorageClasses: array2boolmap(oldvol.StorageClasses),
+					}
+					params = arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+						Root:      oldvol.Root,
+						Serialize: oldvol.Serialize,
+					}
+				default:
+					return fmt.Errorf("unsupported volume type %q", oldvol.Type)
+				}
+				dp, err := json.Marshal(params)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				newvol.DriverParameters = json.RawMessage(dp)
+				if newvol.Replication < 1 {
+					newvol.Replication = 1
+				}
+			}
+			if accessViaHosts == nil {
+				accessViaHosts = make(map[arvados.URL]arvados.VolumeAccess, 1)
+			}
+			accessViaHosts[myURL] = arvados.VolumeAccess{ReadOnly: oldvol.ReadOnly}
+			newvol.AccessViaHosts = accessViaHosts
+
+			volUUID := oldUUID
+			if oldvol.ReadOnly {
+			} else if oc.Listen == nil {
+				ldr.Logger.Warn("cannot find optimal volume UUID because Listen address is not given in legacy keepstore config")
+			} else if uuid, _, err := findKeepServicesItem(cluster, *oc.Listen); err != nil {
+				ldr.Logger.WithError(err).Warn("cannot find optimal volume UUID: failed to find a matching keep_service listing for this legacy keepstore config")
+			} else if len(uuid) != 27 {
+				ldr.Logger.WithField("UUID", uuid).Warn("cannot find optimal volume UUID: keep_service UUID does not have expected format")
+			} else {
+				rendezvousUUID := cluster.ClusterID + "-nyw5e-" + uuid[12:]
+				if _, ok := cluster.Volumes[rendezvousUUID]; ok {
+					ldr.Logger.Warn("suggesting a random volume UUID because the volume ID matching our keep_service UUID is already in use")
+				} else {
+					volUUID = rendezvousUUID
+				}
+			}
+			if volUUID == "" {
+				volUUID = newUUID(cluster.ClusterID, "nyw5e")
+				ldr.Logger.WithField("UUID", volUUID).Infof("suggesting a random volume UUID for volume #%d in legacy config", i)
+			}
+			cluster.Volumes[volUUID] = newvol
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfg.Clusters[cluster.ClusterID] = *cluster
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ldr *Loader) alreadyMigrated(oldvol oldKeepstoreVolume, newvols map[string]arvados.Volume, myURL arvados.URL) (string, bool) {
+	for uuid, newvol := range newvols {
+		if oldvol.Type != newvol.Driver {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch oldvol.Type {
+		case "S3":
+			var params arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params); err == nil &&
+				oldvol.Endpoint == params.Endpoint &&
+				oldvol.Region == params.Region &&
+				oldvol.Bucket == params.Bucket &&
+				oldvol.LocationConstraint == params.LocationConstraint {
+				return uuid, true
+			}
+		case "Azure":
+			var params arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params); err == nil &&
+				oldvol.StorageAccountName == params.StorageAccountName &&
+				oldvol.StorageBaseURL == params.StorageBaseURL &&
+				oldvol.ContainerName == params.ContainerName {
+				return uuid, true
+			}
+		case "Directory":
+			var params arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params); err == nil &&
+				oldvol.Root == params.Root {
+				if _, ok := newvol.AccessViaHosts[myURL]; ok {
+					return uuid, true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func (ldr *Loader) discoverLocalVolumes(cluster *arvados.Cluster, mountsFile string, myURL arvados.URL) error {
+	if mountsFile == "" {
+		mountsFile = "/proc/mounts"
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(mountsFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error opening %s: %s", mountsFile, err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		args := strings.Fields(scanner.Text())
+		dev, mount := args[0], args[1]
+		if mount == "/" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if dev != "tmpfs" && !strings.HasPrefix(dev, "/dev/") {
+			continue
+		}
+		keepdir := mount + "/keep"
+		if st, err := os.Stat(keepdir); err != nil || !st.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ro := false
+		for _, fsopt := range strings.Split(args[3], ",") {
+			if fsopt == "ro" {
+				ro = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		uuid := newUUID(cluster.ClusterID, "nyw5e")
+		ldr.Logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+			"UUID":                       uuid,
+			"Driver":                     "Directory",
+			"DriverParameters.Root":      keepdir,
+			"DriverParameters.Serialize": false,
+			"ReadOnly":                   ro,
+			"Replication":                1,
+		}).Warn("adding local directory volume")
+
+		p, err := json.Marshal(arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+			Root:      keepdir,
+			Serialize: false,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		cluster.Volumes[uuid] = arvados.Volume{
+			Driver:           "Directory",
+			DriverParameters: p,
+			ReadOnly:         ro,
+			Replication:      1,
+			AccessViaHosts: map[arvados.URL]arvados.VolumeAccess{
+				myURL: {ReadOnly: ro},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading %s: %s", mountsFile, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func array2boolmap(keys []string) map[string]bool {
+	m := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		m[k] = true
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func newUUID(clusterID, infix string) string {
+	randint, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(0).Exp(big.NewInt(36), big.NewInt(15), big.NewInt(0)))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	randstr := randint.Text(36)
+	for len(randstr) < 15 {
+		randstr = "0" + randstr
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-%s", clusterID, infix, randstr)
+}
+
+// Return the UUID and URL for the controller's keep_services listing
+// corresponding to this host/process.
+func findKeepServicesItem(cluster *arvados.Cluster, listen string) (uuid string, url arvados.URL, err error) {
+	client, err := arvados.NewClientFromConfig(cluster)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	client.AuthToken = cluster.SystemRootToken
+	var svcList arvados.KeepServiceList
+	err = client.RequestAndDecode(&svcList, "GET", "arvados/v1/keep_services", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("error getting hostname: %s", err)
+		return
+	}
+	var tried []string
+	for _, ks := range svcList.Items {
+		if ks.ServiceType == "proxy" {
+			continue
+		} else if keepServiceIsMe(ks, hostname, listen) {
+			url := arvados.URL{
+				Scheme: "http",
+				Host:   net.JoinHostPort(ks.ServiceHost, strconv.Itoa(ks.ServicePort)),
+			}
+			if ks.ServiceSSLFlag {
+				url.Scheme = "https"
+			}
+			return ks.UUID, url, nil
+		} else {
+			tried = append(tried, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ks.ServiceHost, ks.ServicePort))
+		}
+	}
+	err = fmt.Errorf("listen address %q does not match any of the non-proxy keep_services entries %q", listen, tried)
+	return
+}
+
+var localhostOrAllInterfaces = map[string]bool{
+	"localhost": true,
+	"127.0.0.1": true,
+	"::1":       true,
+	"::":        true,
+	"":          true,
+}
+
+// Return true if the given KeepService entry matches the given
+// hostname and (keepstore config file) listen address.
+//
+// If the KeepService host is some variant of "localhost", we assume
+// this is a testing or single-node environment, ignore the given
+// hostname, and return true if the port numbers match.
+//
+// The hostname isn't assumed to be a FQDN: a hostname "foo.bar" will
+// match a KeepService host "foo.bar", but also "foo.bar.example",
+// "foo.bar.example.org", etc.
+func keepServiceIsMe(ks arvados.KeepService, hostname string, listen string) bool {
+	// Extract the port name/number from listen, and resolve it to
+	// a port number to compare with ks.ServicePort.
+	_, listenport, err := net.SplitHostPort(listen)
+	if err != nil && strings.HasPrefix(listen, ":") {
+		listenport = listen[1:]
+	}
+	if lp, err := net.LookupPort("tcp", listenport); err != nil {
+		return false
+	} else if !(lp == ks.ServicePort ||
+		(lp == 0 && ks.ServicePort == 80)) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	kshost := strings.ToLower(ks.ServiceHost)
+	return localhostOrAllInterfaces[kshost] || strings.HasPrefix(kshost+".", strings.ToLower(hostname)+".")
+}
diff --git a/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore_test.go b/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be4c643f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/config/deprecated_keepstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
+)
+
+type KeepstoreMigrationSuite struct {
+	hostname string // blank = use test system's hostname
+}
+
+var _ = check.Suite(&KeepstoreMigrationSuite{})
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) checkEquivalentWithKeepstoreConfig(c *check.C, keepstoreconfig, clusterconfig, expectedconfig string) {
+	keepstorefile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(keepstorefile.Name())
+	_, err = io.WriteString(keepstorefile, keepstoreconfig)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	err = keepstorefile.Close()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	gotldr := testLoader(c, clusterconfig, nil)
+	gotldr.KeepstorePath = keepstorefile.Name()
+	expectedldr := testLoader(c, expectedconfig, nil)
+	checkEquivalentLoaders(c, gotldr, expectedldr)
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestDeprecatedKeepstoreConfig(c *check.C) {
+	keyfile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(keyfile.Name())
+	io.WriteString(keyfile, "blobsigningkey\n")
+
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	s.checkEquivalentWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: ":12345"
+Debug: true
+LogFormat: text
+MaxBuffers: 1234
+MaxRequests: 2345
+BlobSignatureTTL: 123m
+BlobSigningKeyFile: `+keyfile.Name()+`
+`, `
+Clusters:
+  z1111:
+    {}
+`, `
+Clusters:
+  z1111:
+    Services:
+      Keepstore:
+        InternalURLs:
+          "http://`+hostname+`:12345": {}
+    SystemLogs:
+      Format: text
+      LogLevel: debug
+    API:
+      MaxKeepBlockBuffers: 1234
+      MaxConcurrentRequests: 2345
+    Collections:
+      BlobSigningTTL: 123m
+      BlobSigningKey: blobsigningkey
+`)
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestDiscoverLocalVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	tmpd, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpd)
+	err = os.Mkdir(tmpd+"/keep", 0777)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	tmpf, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(tmpf.Name())
+
+	// read/write
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(tmpf, "/dev/xvdb %s ext4 rw,noexec 0 0\n", tmpd)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, "DiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile: "+tmpf.Name(), arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Directory",
+		ReadOnly:    false,
+		Replication: 1,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+		Root:      tmpd + "/keep",
+		Serialize: false,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// read-only
+	tmpf.Seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
+	tmpf.Truncate(0)
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(tmpf, "/dev/xvdb %s ext4 ro,noexec 0 0\n", tmpd)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, "DiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile: "+tmpf.Name(), arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Directory",
+		ReadOnly:    true,
+		Replication: 1,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+		Root:      tmpd + "/keep",
+		Serialize: false,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{})
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestDeprecatedVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	accesskeyfile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(accesskeyfile.Name())
+	io.WriteString(accesskeyfile, "accesskeydata\n")
+
+	secretkeyfile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(secretkeyfile.Name())
+	io.WriteString(secretkeyfile, "secretkeydata\n")
+
+	// s3, empty/default
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "S3",
+		Replication: 1,
+	}, &arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{}, &arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// s3, fully configured
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  AccessKeyFile: `+accesskeyfile.Name()+`
+  SecretKeyFile: `+secretkeyfile.Name()+`
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: testbucket
+  LocationConstraint: true
+  IndexPageSize: 1234
+  S3Replication: 4
+  ConnectTimeout: 3m
+  ReadTimeout: 4m
+  RaceWindow: 5m
+  UnsafeDelete: true
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "S3",
+		Replication: 4,
+	}, &arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{
+		AccessKey:          "accesskeydata",
+		SecretKey:          "secretkeydata",
+		Endpoint:           "https://storage.googleapis.com",
+		Region:             "us-east-1z",
+		Bucket:             "testbucket",
+		LocationConstraint: true,
+		IndexPageSize:      1234,
+		ConnectTimeout:     arvados.Duration(time.Minute * 3),
+		ReadTimeout:        arvados.Duration(time.Minute * 4),
+		RaceWindow:         arvados.Duration(time.Minute * 5),
+		UnsafeDelete:       true,
+	}, &arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// azure, empty/default
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: Azure
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Azure",
+		Replication: 1,
+	}, &arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters{}, &arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// azure, fully configured
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: Azure
+  ReadOnly: true
+  StorageAccountName: storageacctname
+  StorageAccountKeyFile: `+secretkeyfile.Name()+`
+  StorageBaseURL: https://example.example
+  ContainerName: testctr
+  LocationConstraint: true
+  AzureReplication: 4
+  RequestTimeout: 3m
+  ListBlobsRetryDelay: 4m
+  ListBlobsMaxAttempts: 5
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Azure",
+		ReadOnly:    true,
+		Replication: 4,
+	}, &arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters{
+		StorageAccountName:   "storageacctname",
+		StorageAccountKey:    "secretkeydata",
+		StorageBaseURL:       "https://example.example",
+		ContainerName:        "testctr",
+		RequestTimeout:       arvados.Duration(time.Minute * 3),
+		ListBlobsRetryDelay:  arvados.Duration(time.Minute * 4),
+		ListBlobsMaxAttempts: 5,
+	}, &arvados.AzureVolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// directory, empty/default
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: Directory
+  Root: /tmp/xyzzy
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Directory",
+		Replication: 1,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+		Root: "/tmp/xyzzy",
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{})
+
+	// directory, fully configured
+	s.testDeprecatedVolume(c, `
+Volumes:
+- Type: Directory
+  ReadOnly: true
+  Root: /tmp/xyzzy
+  DirectoryReplication: 4
+  Serialize: true
+`, arvados.Volume{
+		Driver:      "Directory",
+		ReadOnly:    true,
+		Replication: 4,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{
+		Root:      "/tmp/xyzzy",
+		Serialize: true,
+	}, &arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters{})
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) testDeprecatedVolume(c *check.C, oldconfigdata string, expectvol arvados.Volume, expectparams interface{}, paramsdst interface{}) {
+	hostname := s.hostname
+	if hostname == "" {
+		h, err := os.Hostname()
+		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+		hostname = h
+	}
+
+	oldconfig, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(oldconfig.Name())
+	io.WriteString(oldconfig, "Listen: :12345\n"+oldconfigdata)
+	if !strings.Contains(oldconfigdata, "DiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile") {
+		// Prevent tests from looking at the real /proc/mounts on the test host.
+		io.WriteString(oldconfig, "\nDiscoverVolumesFromMountsFile: /dev/null\n")
+	}
+
+	ldr := testLoader(c, "Clusters: {z1111: {}}", nil)
+	ldr.KeepstorePath = oldconfig.Name()
+	cfg, err := ldr.Load()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	cc := cfg.Clusters["z1111"]
+	c.Check(cc.Volumes, check.HasLen, 1)
+	for uuid, v := range cc.Volumes {
+		c.Check(uuid, check.HasLen, 27)
+		c.Check(v.Driver, check.Equals, expectvol.Driver)
+		c.Check(v.Replication, check.Equals, expectvol.Replication)
+
+		avh, ok := v.AccessViaHosts[arvados.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: hostname + ":12345"}]
+		c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true)
+		c.Check(avh.ReadOnly, check.Equals, expectvol.ReadOnly)
+
+		err := json.Unmarshal(v.DriverParameters, paramsdst)
+		c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
+		c.Check(paramsdst, check.DeepEquals, expectparams)
+	}
+}
+
+// How we handle a volume from a legacy keepstore config file depends
+// on whether it's writable, whether a volume using the same cloud
+// backend already exists in the cluster config, and (if so) whether
+// it already has an AccessViaHosts entry for this host.
+//
+// In all cases, we should end up with an AccessViaHosts entry for
+// this host, to indicate that the current host's volumes have been
+// migrated.
+
+// Same backend already referenced in cluster config, this host
+// already listed in AccessViaHosts --> no change, except possibly
+// updating the ReadOnly flag on the AccessViaHosts entry.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_AlreadyMigrated(c *check.C) {
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :12345
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: alreadymigrated
+  S3Replication: 3
+`)
+	checkEqualYAML(c, after, before)
+}
+
+// Writable volume, same cloud backend already referenced in cluster
+// config --> change UUID to match this keepstore's UUID.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_UpdateUUID(c *check.C) {
+	port, expectUUID := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: readonlyonother
+  S3Replication: 3
+`)
+	c.Check(after, check.HasLen, len(before))
+	newuuids := s.findAddedVolumes(c, before, after, 1)
+	newvol := after[newuuids[0]]
+
+	var params arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters
+	json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params)
+	c.Check(params.Bucket, check.Equals, "readonlyonother")
+	c.Check(newuuids[0], check.Equals, expectUUID)
+}
+
+// Writable volume, same cloud backend not yet referenced --> add a
+// new volume, with UUID to match this keepstore's UUID.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_AddCloudVolume(c *check.C) {
+	port, expectUUID := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: bucket-to-migrate
+  S3Replication: 3
+`)
+	newuuids := s.findAddedVolumes(c, before, after, 1)
+	newvol := after[newuuids[0]]
+
+	var params arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters
+	json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params)
+	c.Check(params.Bucket, check.Equals, "bucket-to-migrate")
+	c.Check(newvol.Replication, check.Equals, 3)
+
+	c.Check(newuuids[0], check.Equals, expectUUID)
+}
+
+// Writable volume, same filesystem backend already referenced in
+// cluster config, but this host isn't in AccessViaHosts --> add a new
+// volume, with UUID to match this keepstore's UUID (filesystem-backed
+// volumes are assumed to be different on different hosts, even if
+// paths are the same).
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_AddLocalVolume(c *check.C) {
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :12345
+Volumes:
+- Type: Directory
+  Root: /data/sdd
+  DirectoryReplication: 2
+`)
+	newuuids := s.findAddedVolumes(c, before, after, 1)
+	newvol := after[newuuids[0]]
+
+	var params arvados.DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters
+	json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params)
+	c.Check(params.Root, check.Equals, "/data/sdd")
+	c.Check(newvol.Replication, check.Equals, 2)
+}
+
+// Writable volume, same filesystem backend already referenced in
+// cluster config, and this host is already listed in AccessViaHosts
+// --> already migrated, don't change anything.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_LocalVolumeAlreadyMigrated(c *check.C) {
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :12345
+Volumes:
+- Type: Directory
+  Root: /data/sde
+  DirectoryReplication: 2
+`)
+	checkEqualYAML(c, after, before)
+}
+
+// Multiple writable cloud-backed volumes --> one of them will get a
+// UUID matching this keepstore's UUID.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_AddMultipleCloudVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	port, expectUUID := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: first-bucket-to-migrate
+  S3Replication: 3
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: second-bucket-to-migrate
+  S3Replication: 3
+`)
+	newuuids := s.findAddedVolumes(c, before, after, 2)
+	// Sort by bucket name (so "first" comes before "second")
+	params := map[string]arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters{}
+	for _, uuid := range newuuids {
+		var p arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters
+		json.Unmarshal(after[uuid].DriverParameters, &p)
+		params[uuid] = p
+	}
+	sort.Slice(newuuids, func(i, j int) bool { return params[newuuids[i]].Bucket < params[newuuids[j]].Bucket })
+	newvol0, newvol1 := after[newuuids[0]], after[newuuids[1]]
+	params0, params1 := params[newuuids[0]], params[newuuids[1]]
+
+	c.Check(params0.Bucket, check.Equals, "first-bucket-to-migrate")
+	c.Check(newvol0.Replication, check.Equals, 3)
+
+	c.Check(params1.Bucket, check.Equals, "second-bucket-to-migrate")
+	c.Check(newvol1.Replication, check.Equals, 3)
+
+	// Don't care which one gets the special UUID
+	if newuuids[0] != expectUUID {
+		c.Check(newuuids[1], check.Equals, expectUUID)
+	}
+}
+
+// Non-writable volume, same cloud backend already referenced in
+// cluster config --> add this host to AccessViaHosts with
+// ReadOnly==true
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_UpdateWithReadOnly(c *check.C) {
+	port, _ := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: readonlyonother
+  S3Replication: 3
+  ReadOnly: true
+`)
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	url := arvados.URL{
+		Scheme: "http",
+		Host:   fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", hostname, port),
+	}
+	_, ok := before["zzzzz-nyw5e-readonlyonother"].AccessViaHosts[url]
+	c.Check(ok, check.Equals, false)
+	_, ok = after["zzzzz-nyw5e-readonlyonother"].AccessViaHosts[url]
+	c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true)
+}
+
+// Writable volume, same cloud backend already writable by another
+// keepstore server --> add this host to AccessViaHosts with
+// ReadOnly==true
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_UpdateAlreadyWritable(c *check.C) {
+	port, _ := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: writableonother
+  S3Replication: 3
+  ReadOnly: false
+`)
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	url := arvados.URL{
+		Scheme: "http",
+		Host:   fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", hostname, port),
+	}
+	_, ok := before["zzzzz-nyw5e-writableonother"].AccessViaHosts[url]
+	c.Check(ok, check.Equals, false)
+	_, ok = after["zzzzz-nyw5e-writableonother"].AccessViaHosts[url]
+	c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true)
+}
+
+// Non-writable volume, same cloud backend not already referenced in
+// cluster config --> assign a new random volume UUID.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestIncrementalVolumeMigration_AddReadOnly(c *check.C) {
+	port, _ := s.getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c)
+	before, after := s.loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c, `
+Listen: :`+strconv.Itoa(port)+`
+Volumes:
+- Type: S3
+  Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+  Region: us-east-1z
+  Bucket: differentbucket
+  S3Replication: 3
+`)
+	newuuids := s.findAddedVolumes(c, before, after, 1)
+	newvol := after[newuuids[0]]
+
+	var params arvados.S3VolumeDriverParameters
+	json.Unmarshal(newvol.DriverParameters, &params)
+	c.Check(params.Bucket, check.Equals, "differentbucket")
+
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	_, ok := newvol.AccessViaHosts[arvados.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", hostname, port)}]
+	c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true)
+}
+
+const clusterConfigForKeepstoreMigrationTest = `
+Clusters:
+  zzzzz:
+    SystemRootToken: ` + arvadostest.AdminToken + `
+    Services:
+      Keepstore:
+        InternalURLs:
+          "http://{{.hostname}}:12345": {}
+      Controller:
+        ExternalURL: "https://{{.controller}}"
+    TLS:
+      Insecure: true
+    Volumes:
+
+      zzzzz-nyw5e-alreadymigrated:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          "http://{{.hostname}}:12345": {}
+        Driver: S3
+        DriverParameters:
+          Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+          Region: us-east-1z
+          Bucket: alreadymigrated
+        Replication: 3
+
+      zzzzz-nyw5e-readonlyonother:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          "http://other.host.example:12345": {ReadOnly: true}
+        Driver: S3
+        DriverParameters:
+          Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+          Region: us-east-1z
+          Bucket: readonlyonother
+        Replication: 3
+
+      zzzzz-nyw5e-writableonother:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          "http://other.host.example:12345": {}
+        Driver: S3
+        DriverParameters:
+          Endpoint: https://storage.googleapis.com
+          Region: us-east-1z
+          Bucket: writableonother
+        Replication: 3
+
+      zzzzz-nyw5e-localfilesystem:
+        Driver: Directory
+        DriverParameters:
+          Root: /data/sdd
+        Replication: 1
+
+      zzzzz-nyw5e-localismigrated:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          "http://{{.hostname}}:12345": {}
+        Driver: Directory
+        DriverParameters:
+          Root: /data/sde
+        Replication: 1
+`
+
+// Determine the effect of combining the given legacy keepstore config
+// YAML (just the "Volumes" entries of an old keepstore config file)
+// with the example clusterConfigForKeepstoreMigrationTest config.
+//
+// Return two Volumes configs -- one without loading
+// keepstoreconfigdata ("before") and one with ("after") -- for the
+// caller to compare.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) loadWithKeepstoreConfig(c *check.C, keepstoreVolumesYAML string) (before, after map[string]arvados.Volume) {
+	ldr := testLoader(c, s.clusterConfigYAML(c), nil)
+	cBefore, err := ldr.Load()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	keepstoreconfig, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(keepstoreconfig.Name())
+	io.WriteString(keepstoreconfig, keepstoreVolumesYAML)
+
+	ldr = testLoader(c, s.clusterConfigYAML(c), nil)
+	ldr.KeepstorePath = keepstoreconfig.Name()
+	cAfter, err := ldr.Load()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	return cBefore.Clusters["zzzzz"].Volumes, cAfter.Clusters["zzzzz"].Volumes
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) clusterConfigYAML(c *check.C) string {
+	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	tmpl := template.Must(template.New("config").Parse(clusterConfigForKeepstoreMigrationTest))
+
+	var clusterconfigdata bytes.Buffer
+	err = tmpl.Execute(&clusterconfigdata, map[string]interface{}{
+		"hostname":   hostname,
+		"controller": os.Getenv("ARVADOS_API_HOST"),
+	})
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	return clusterconfigdata.String()
+}
+
+// Return the uuids of volumes that appear in "after" but not
+// "before".
+//
+// Assert the returned slice has at least minAdded entries.
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) findAddedVolumes(c *check.C, before, after map[string]arvados.Volume, minAdded int) (uuids []string) {
+	for uuid := range after {
+		if _, ok := before[uuid]; !ok {
+			uuids = append(uuids, uuid)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(uuids) < minAdded {
+		c.Assert(uuids, check.HasLen, minAdded)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) getTestKeepstorePortAndMatchingVolumeUUID(c *check.C) (int, string) {
+	for uuid, port := range s.getTestKeepstorePorts(c) {
+		c.Assert(uuid, check.HasLen, 27)
+		return port, "zzzzz-nyw5e-" + uuid[12:]
+	}
+	c.Fatal("getTestKeepstorePorts() returned nothing")
+	return 0, ""
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) getTestKeepstorePorts(c *check.C) map[string]int {
+	client := arvados.NewClientFromEnv()
+	var svcList arvados.KeepServiceList
+	err := client.RequestAndDecode(&svcList, "GET", "arvados/v1/keep_services", nil, nil)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	ports := map[string]int{}
+	for _, ks := range svcList.Items {
+		if ks.ServiceType == "disk" {
+			ports[ks.UUID] = ks.ServicePort
+		}
+	}
+	return ports
+}
+
+func (s *KeepstoreMigrationSuite) TestKeepServiceIsMe(c *check.C) {
+	for i, trial := range []struct {
+		match       bool
+		hostname    string
+		listen      string
+		serviceHost string
+		servicePort int
+	}{
+		{true, "keep0", "keep0", "keep0", 80},
+		{true, "keep0", "[::1]:http", "keep0", 80},
+		{true, "keep0", "[::]:http", "keep0", 80},
+		{true, "keep0", "keep0:25107", "keep0", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0", ":25107", "keep0", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0.domain", ":25107", "keep0.domain.example", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0.domain.example", ":25107", "keep0.domain.example", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0", ":25107", "keep0.domain.example", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0", ":25107", "Keep0.domain.example", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0", ":http", "keep0.domain.example", 80},
+		{true, "keep0", ":25107", "localhost", 25107},
+		{true, "keep0", ":25107", "::1", 25107},
+		{false, "keep0", ":25107", "keep0", 1111},              // different port
+		{false, "keep0", ":25107", "localhost", 1111},          // different port
+		{false, "keep0", ":http", "keep0.domain.example", 443}, // different port
+		{false, "keep0", ":bogussss", "keep0", 25107},          // unresolvable port
+		{false, "keep0", ":25107", "keep1", 25107},             // different hostname
+		{false, "keep1", ":25107", "keep10", 25107},            // different hostname (prefix, but not on a "." boundary)
+	} {
+		c.Check(keepServiceIsMe(arvados.KeepService{ServiceHost: trial.serviceHost, ServicePort: trial.servicePort}, trial.hostname, trial.listen), check.Equals, trial.match, check.Commentf("trial #%d: %#v", i, trial))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lib/config/deprecated_test.go b/lib/config/deprecated_test.go
index 5dda0ba94..ea9b50d03 100644
--- a/lib/config/deprecated_test.go
+++ b/lib/config/deprecated_test.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func testLoadLegacyConfig(content []byte, mungeFlag string, c *check.C) (*arvado
 func (s *LoadSuite) TestDeprecatedNodeProfilesToServices(c *check.C) {
 	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	s.checkEquivalent(c, `
+	checkEquivalent(c, `
 Clusters:
  z1111:
   NodeProfiles:
diff --git a/lib/config/export.go b/lib/config/export.go
index 6eb4fbe5f..57f62fa83 100644
--- a/lib/config/export.go
+++ b/lib/config/export.go
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ var whitelist = map[string]bool{
 	"API":                                          true,
 	"API.AsyncPermissionsUpdateInterval":           false,
 	"API.DisabledAPIs":                             false,
+	"API.MaxConcurrentRequests":                    false,
 	"API.MaxIndexDatabaseRead":                     false,
 	"API.MaxItemsPerResponse":                      true,
+	"API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers":                      false,
 	"API.MaxRequestAmplification":                  false,
 	"API.MaxRequestSize":                           true,
 	"API.RailsSessionSecretToken":                  false,
@@ -81,6 +83,12 @@ var whitelist = map[string]bool{
 	"Collections.BlobSigning":                      true,
 	"Collections.BlobSigningKey":                   false,
 	"Collections.BlobSigningTTL":                   true,
+	"Collections.BlobTrash":                        false,
+	"Collections.BlobTrashLifetime":                false,
+	"Collections.BlobTrashConcurrency":             false,
+	"Collections.BlobTrashCheckInterval":           false,
+	"Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency":            false,
+	"Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency":         false,
 	"Collections.CollectionVersioning":             false,
 	"Collections.DefaultReplication":               true,
 	"Collections.DefaultTrashLifetime":             true,
@@ -150,6 +158,16 @@ var whitelist = map[string]bool{
 	"Users.NewUsersAreActive":                      false,
 	"Users.UserNotifierEmailFrom":                  false,
 	"Users.UserProfileNotificationAddress":         false,
+	"Volumes":                                      true,
+	"Volumes.*":                                    true,
+	"Volumes.*.*":                                  false,
+	"Volumes.*.AccessViaHosts":                     true,
+	"Volumes.*.AccessViaHosts.*":                   true,
+	"Volumes.*.AccessViaHosts.*.ReadOnly":          true,
+	"Volumes.*.ReadOnly":                           true,
+	"Volumes.*.Replication":                        true,
+	"Volumes.*.StorageClasses":                     true,
+	"Volumes.*.StorageClasses.*":                   false,
 	"Workbench":                                    true,
 	"Workbench.ActivationContactLink":              false,
 	"Workbench.APIClientConnectTimeout":            true,
diff --git a/lib/config/generated_config.go b/lib/config/generated_config.go
index 8a5b4610c..c6be59ecf 100644
--- a/lib/config/generated_config.go
+++ b/lib/config/generated_config.go
@@ -182,6 +182,15 @@ Clusters:
       # parameter higher than this value, this value is used instead.
       MaxItemsPerResponse: 1000
 
+      # Maximum number of concurrent requests to accept in a single
+      # service process, or 0 for no limit. Currently supported only
+      # by keepstore.
+      MaxConcurrentRequests: 0
+
+      # Maximum number of 64MiB memory buffers per keepstore server
+      # process, or 0 for no limit.
+      MaxKeepBlockBuffers: 128
+
       # API methods to disable. Disabled methods are not listed in the
       # discovery document, and respond 404 to all requests.
       # Example: {"jobs.create":{}, "pipeline_instances.create": {}}
@@ -322,15 +331,44 @@ Clusters:
 
       # BlobSigningKey is a string of alphanumeric characters used to
       # generate permission signatures for Keep locators. It must be
-      # identical to the permission key given to Keep. IMPORTANT: This is
-      # a site secret. It should be at least 50 characters.
+      # identical to the permission key given to Keep. IMPORTANT: This
+      # is a site secret. It should be at least 50 characters.
       #
       # Modifying BlobSigningKey will invalidate all existing
       # signatures, which can cause programs to fail (e.g., arv-put,
-      # arv-get, and Crunch jobs).  To avoid errors, rotate keys only when
-      # no such processes are running.
+      # arv-get, and Crunch jobs).  To avoid errors, rotate keys only
+      # when no such processes are running.
       BlobSigningKey: ""
 
+      # Enable garbage collection of unreferenced blobs in Keep.
+      BlobTrash: true
+
+      # Time to leave unreferenced blobs in "trashed" state before
+      # deleting them, or 0 to skip the "trashed" state entirely and
+      # delete unreferenced blobs.
+      #
+      # If you use any Amazon S3 buckets as storage volumes, this
+      # must be at least 24h to avoid occasional data loss.
+      BlobTrashLifetime: 336h
+
+      # How often to check for (and delete) trashed blocks whose
+      # BlobTrashLifetime has expired.
+      BlobTrashCheckInterval: 24h
+
+      # Maximum number of concurrent "trash blob" and "delete trashed
+      # blob" operations conducted by a single keepstore process. Each
+      # of these can be set to 0 to disable the respective operation.
+      #
+      # If BlobTrashLifetime is zero, "trash" and "delete trash"
+      # happen at once, so only the lower of these two values is used.
+      BlobTrashConcurrency: 4
+      BlobDeleteConcurrency: 4
+
+      # Maximum number of concurrent "create additional replica of
+      # existing blob" operations conducted by a single keepstore
+      # process.
+      BlobReplicateConcurrency: 4
+
       # Default replication level for collections. This is used when a
       # collection's replication_desired attribute is nil.
       DefaultReplication: 2
@@ -747,6 +785,48 @@ Clusters:
         Price: 0.1
         Preemptible: false
 
+    Volumes:
+      SAMPLE:
+        AccessViaHosts:
+          SAMPLE:
+            ReadOnly: false
+        ReadOnly: false
+        Replication: 1
+        StorageClasses:
+          default: true
+          SAMPLE: true
+        Driver: s3
+        DriverParameters:
+
+          # for s3 driver
+          AccessKey: aaaaa
+          SecretKey: aaaaa
+          Endpoint: ""
+          Region: us-east-1a
+          Bucket: aaaaa
+          LocationConstraint: false
+          IndexPageSize: 1000
+          ConnectTimeout: 1m
+          ReadTimeout: 10m
+          RaceWindow: 24h
+          UnsafeDelete: false
+
+          # for azure driver
+          StorageAccountName: aaaaa
+          StorageAccountKey: aaaaa
+          StorageBaseURL: core.windows.net
+          ContainerName: aaaaa
+          RequestTimeout: 30s
+          ListBlobsRetryDelay: 10s
+          ListBlobsMaxAttempts: 10
+          MaxGetBytes: 0
+          WriteRaceInterval: 15s
+          WriteRacePollTime: 1s
+
+          # for local directory driver
+          Root: /var/lib/arvados/keep-data
+          Serialize: false
+
     Mail:
       MailchimpAPIKey: ""
       MailchimpListID: ""
diff --git a/lib/config/load_test.go b/lib/config/load_test.go
index c7289350e..17e0af7ba 100644
--- a/lib/config/load_test.go
+++ b/lib/config/load_test.go
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ Clusters:
 }
 
 func (s *LoadSuite) TestMovedKeys(c *check.C) {
-	s.checkEquivalent(c, `# config has old keys only
+	checkEquivalent(c, `# config has old keys only
 Clusters:
  zzzzz:
   RequestLimits:
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ Clusters:
    MaxRequestAmplification: 3
    MaxItemsPerResponse: 999
 `)
-	s.checkEquivalent(c, `# config has both old and new keys; old values win
+	checkEquivalent(c, `# config has both old and new keys; old values win
 Clusters:
  zzzzz:
   RequestLimits:
@@ -352,30 +352,45 @@ Clusters:
 `)
 }
 
-func (s *LoadSuite) checkEquivalent(c *check.C, goty, expectedy string) {
-	got, err := testLoader(c, goty, nil).Load()
+func checkEquivalent(c *check.C, goty, expectedy string) {
+	gotldr := testLoader(c, goty, nil)
+	expectedldr := testLoader(c, expectedy, nil)
+	checkEquivalentLoaders(c, gotldr, expectedldr)
+}
+
+func checkEqualYAML(c *check.C, got, expected interface{}) {
+	expectedyaml, err := yaml.Marshal(expected)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	expected, err := testLoader(c, expectedy, nil).Load()
+	gotyaml, err := yaml.Marshal(got)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	if !c.Check(got, check.DeepEquals, expected) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(gotyaml, expectedyaml) {
 		cmd := exec.Command("diff", "-u", "--label", "expected", "--label", "got", "/dev/fd/3", "/dev/fd/4")
-		for _, obj := range []interface{}{expected, got} {
-			y, _ := yaml.Marshal(obj)
+		for _, y := range [][]byte{expectedyaml, gotyaml} {
 			pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
 			c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 			defer pr.Close()
-			go func() {
-				io.Copy(pw, bytes.NewBuffer(y))
+			go func(data []byte) {
+				pw.Write(data)
 				pw.Close()
-			}()
+			}(y)
 			cmd.ExtraFiles = append(cmd.ExtraFiles, pr)
 		}
 		diff, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+		// diff should report differences and exit non-zero.
+		c.Check(err, check.NotNil)
 		c.Log(string(diff))
-		c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
+		c.Error("got != expected; see diff (-expected +got) above")
 	}
 }
 
+func checkEquivalentLoaders(c *check.C, gotldr, expectedldr *Loader) {
+	got, err := gotldr.Load()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	expected, err := expectedldr.Load()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	checkEqualYAML(c, got, expected)
+}
+
 func checkListKeys(path string, x interface{}) (err error) {
 	v := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(x))
 	switch v.Kind() {
diff --git a/lib/controller/cmd.go b/lib/controller/cmd.go
index 434537046..b9af60fe9 100644
--- a/lib/controller/cmd.go
+++ b/lib/controller/cmd.go
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/cmd"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/service"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
 var Command cmd.Handler = service.Command(arvados.ServiceNameController, newHandler)
 
-func newHandler(_ context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, _ string) service.Handler {
+func newHandler(_ context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, _ string, _ *prometheus.Registry) service.Handler {
 	return &Handler{Cluster: cluster}
 }
diff --git a/lib/controller/handler_test.go b/lib/controller/handler_test.go
index 4b49e4615..d34df7f2c 100644
--- a/lib/controller/handler_test.go
+++ b/lib/controller/handler_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func (s *HandlerSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 	s.cluster.TLS.Insecure = true
 	arvadostest.SetServiceURL(&s.cluster.Services.RailsAPI, "https://"+os.Getenv("ARVADOS_TEST_API_HOST"))
 	arvadostest.SetServiceURL(&s.cluster.Services.Controller, "http://localhost:/")
-	s.handler = newHandler(s.ctx, s.cluster, "")
+	s.handler = newHandler(s.ctx, s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry())
 }
 
 func (s *HandlerSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
diff --git a/lib/dispatchcloud/cmd.go b/lib/dispatchcloud/cmd.go
index ae6ac70e9..7ab38c6ca 100644
--- a/lib/dispatchcloud/cmd.go
+++ b/lib/dispatchcloud/cmd.go
@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/cmd"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/service"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
 var Command cmd.Handler = service.Command(arvados.ServiceNameDispatchCloud, newHandler)
 
-func newHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, token string) service.Handler {
+func newHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, token string, reg *prometheus.Registry) service.Handler {
 	ac, err := arvados.NewClientFromConfig(cluster)
 	if err != nil {
 		return service.ErrorHandler(ctx, cluster, fmt.Errorf("error initializing client from cluster config: %s", err))
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ func newHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, token string) ser
 		Context:   ctx,
 		ArvClient: ac,
 		AuthToken: token,
+		Registry:  reg,
 	}
 	go d.Start()
 	return d
diff --git a/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher.go b/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher.go
index 731c6d25d..f0aa83c2e 100644
--- a/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher.go
+++ b/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher.go
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ type dispatcher struct {
 	Context       context.Context
 	ArvClient     *arvados.Client
 	AuthToken     string
+	Registry      *prometheus.Registry
 	InstanceSetID cloud.InstanceSetID
 
 	logger      logrus.FieldLogger
-	reg         *prometheus.Registry
 	instanceSet cloud.InstanceSet
 	pool        pool
 	queue       scheduler.ContainerQueue
@@ -132,14 +132,13 @@ func (disp *dispatcher) initialize() {
 		disp.sshKey = key
 	}
 
-	disp.reg = prometheus.NewRegistry()
-	instanceSet, err := newInstanceSet(disp.Cluster, disp.InstanceSetID, disp.logger, disp.reg)
+	instanceSet, err := newInstanceSet(disp.Cluster, disp.InstanceSetID, disp.logger, disp.Registry)
 	if err != nil {
 		disp.logger.Fatalf("error initializing driver: %s", err)
 	}
 	disp.instanceSet = instanceSet
-	disp.pool = worker.NewPool(disp.logger, disp.ArvClient, disp.reg, disp.InstanceSetID, disp.instanceSet, disp.newExecutor, disp.sshKey.PublicKey(), disp.Cluster)
-	disp.queue = container.NewQueue(disp.logger, disp.reg, disp.typeChooser, disp.ArvClient)
+	disp.pool = worker.NewPool(disp.logger, disp.ArvClient, disp.Registry, disp.InstanceSetID, disp.instanceSet, disp.newExecutor, disp.sshKey.PublicKey(), disp.Cluster)
+	disp.queue = container.NewQueue(disp.logger, disp.Registry, disp.typeChooser, disp.ArvClient)
 
 	if disp.Cluster.ManagementToken == "" {
 		disp.httpHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ func (disp *dispatcher) initialize() {
 		mux.HandlerFunc("POST", "/arvados/v1/dispatch/instances/drain", disp.apiInstanceDrain)
 		mux.HandlerFunc("POST", "/arvados/v1/dispatch/instances/run", disp.apiInstanceRun)
 		mux.HandlerFunc("POST", "/arvados/v1/dispatch/instances/kill", disp.apiInstanceKill)
-		metricsH := promhttp.HandlerFor(disp.reg, promhttp.HandlerOpts{
+		metricsH := promhttp.HandlerFor(disp.Registry, promhttp.HandlerOpts{
 			ErrorLog: disp.logger,
 		})
 		mux.Handler("GET", "/metrics", metricsH)
diff --git a/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher_test.go b/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher_test.go
index 4a5ca3017..1972468f4 100644
--- a/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher_test.go
+++ b/lib/dispatchcloud/dispatcher_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ func (s *DispatcherSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 		Context:   s.ctx,
 		ArvClient: arvClient,
 		AuthToken: arvadostest.AdminToken,
+		Registry:  prometheus.NewRegistry(),
 	}
 	// Test cases can modify s.cluster before calling
 	// initialize(), and then modify private state before calling
diff --git a/lib/service/cmd.go b/lib/service/cmd.go
index b6737bc55..c410e5368 100644
--- a/lib/service/cmd.go
+++ b/lib/service/cmd.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
 	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/daemon"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ type Handler interface {
 	CheckHealth() error
 }
 
-type NewHandlerFunc func(_ context.Context, _ *arvados.Cluster, token string) Handler
+type NewHandlerFunc func(_ context.Context, _ *arvados.Cluster, token string, registry *prometheus.Registry) Handler
 
 type command struct {
 	newHandler NewHandlerFunc
@@ -68,7 +69,6 @@ func (c *command) RunCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout
 	loader := config.NewLoader(stdin, log)
 	loader.SetupFlags(flags)
 	versionFlag := flags.Bool("version", false, "Write version information to stdout and exit 0")
-
 	err = flags.Parse(args)
 	if err == flag.ErrHelp {
 		err = nil
@@ -87,22 +87,27 @@ func (c *command) RunCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout
 	if err != nil {
 		return 1
 	}
-	log = ctxlog.New(stderr, cluster.SystemLogs.Format, cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel).WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+
+	// Now that we've read the config, replace the bootstrap
+	// logger with a new one according to the logging config.
+	log = ctxlog.New(stderr, cluster.SystemLogs.Format, cluster.SystemLogs.LogLevel)
+	logger := log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
 		"PID": os.Getpid(),
 	})
-	ctx := ctxlog.Context(c.ctx, log)
+	ctx := ctxlog.Context(c.ctx, logger)
 
-	listen, err := getListenAddr(cluster.Services, c.svcName)
+	listenURL, err := getListenAddr(cluster.Services, c.svcName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 1
 	}
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, contextKeyURL{}, listenURL)
 
 	if cluster.SystemRootToken == "" {
-		log.Warn("SystemRootToken missing from cluster config, falling back to ARVADOS_API_TOKEN environment variable")
+		logger.Warn("SystemRootToken missing from cluster config, falling back to ARVADOS_API_TOKEN environment variable")
 		cluster.SystemRootToken = os.Getenv("ARVADOS_API_TOKEN")
 	}
 	if cluster.Services.Controller.ExternalURL.Host == "" {
-		log.Warn("Services.Controller.ExternalURL missing from cluster config, falling back to ARVADOS_API_HOST(_INSECURE) environment variables")
+		logger.Warn("Services.Controller.ExternalURL missing from cluster config, falling back to ARVADOS_API_HOST(_INSECURE) environment variables")
 		u, err := url.Parse("https://" + os.Getenv("ARVADOS_API_HOST"))
 		if err != nil {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("ARVADOS_API_HOST: %s", err)
@@ -114,27 +119,42 @@ func (c *command) RunCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout
 		}
 	}
 
-	handler := c.newHandler(ctx, cluster, cluster.SystemRootToken)
+	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	handler := c.newHandler(ctx, cluster, cluster.SystemRootToken, reg)
 	if err = handler.CheckHealth(); err != nil {
 		return 1
 	}
+
+	instrumented := httpserver.Instrument(reg, log,
+		httpserver.HandlerWithContext(ctx,
+			httpserver.AddRequestIDs(
+				httpserver.LogRequests(
+					httpserver.NewRequestLimiter(cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests, handler, reg)))))
 	srv := &httpserver.Server{
 		Server: http.Server{
-			Handler: httpserver.HandlerWithContext(ctx,
-				httpserver.AddRequestIDs(httpserver.LogRequests(handler))),
+			Handler: instrumented.ServeAPI(cluster.ManagementToken, instrumented),
 		},
-		Addr: listen,
+		Addr: listenURL.Host,
+	}
+	if listenURL.Scheme == "https" {
+		tlsconfig, err := tlsConfigWithCertUpdater(cluster, logger)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.WithError(err).Errorf("cannot start %s service on %s", c.svcName, listenURL.String())
+			return 1
+		}
+		srv.TLSConfig = tlsconfig
 	}
 	err = srv.Start()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 1
 	}
-	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+	logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
+		"URL":     listenURL,
 		"Listen":  srv.Addr,
 		"Service": c.svcName,
 	}).Info("listening")
 	if _, err := daemon.SdNotify(false, "READY=1"); err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Errorf("error notifying init daemon")
+		logger.WithError(err).Errorf("error notifying init daemon")
 	}
 	go func() {
 		<-ctx.Done()
@@ -149,20 +169,27 @@ func (c *command) RunCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout
 
 const rfc3339NanoFixed = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000Z07:00"
 
-func getListenAddr(svcs arvados.Services, prog arvados.ServiceName) (string, error) {
+func getListenAddr(svcs arvados.Services, prog arvados.ServiceName) (arvados.URL, error) {
 	svc, ok := svcs.Map()[prog]
 	if !ok {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown service name %q", prog)
+		return arvados.URL{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown service name %q", prog)
 	}
 	for url := range svc.InternalURLs {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(url.Host, "localhost:") {
-			return url.Host, nil
+			return url, nil
 		}
 		listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", url.Host)
 		if err == nil {
 			listener.Close()
-			return url.Host, nil
+			return url, nil
 		}
 	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("configuration does not enable the %s service on this host", prog)
+	return arvados.URL{}, fmt.Errorf("configuration does not enable the %s service on this host", prog)
+}
+
+type contextKeyURL struct{}
+
+func URLFromContext(ctx context.Context) (arvados.URL, bool) {
+	u, ok := ctx.Value(contextKeyURL{}).(arvados.URL)
+	return u, ok
 }
diff --git a/lib/service/cmd_test.go b/lib/service/cmd_test.go
index bb7c5c51d..ef047bc9d 100644
--- a/lib/service/cmd_test.go
+++ b/lib/service/cmd_test.go
@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ package service
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ func (*Suite) TestCommand(c *check.C) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
-	cmd := Command(arvados.ServiceNameController, func(ctx context.Context, _ *arvados.Cluster, token string) Handler {
+	cmd := Command(arvados.ServiceNameController, func(ctx context.Context, _ *arvados.Cluster, token string, reg *prometheus.Registry) Handler {
 		c.Check(ctx.Value("foo"), check.Equals, "bar")
 		c.Check(token, check.Equals, "abcde")
 		return &testHandler{ctx: ctx, healthCheck: healthCheck}
@@ -62,12 +65,77 @@ func (*Suite) TestCommand(c *check.C) {
 	c.Check(stderr.String(), check.Matches, `(?ms).*"msg":"CheckHealth called".*`)
 }
 
+func (*Suite) TestTLS(c *check.C) {
+	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	stdin := bytes.NewBufferString(`
+Clusters:
+ zzzzz:
+  SystemRootToken: abcde
+  Services:
+   Controller:
+    ExternalURL: "https://localhost:12345"
+    InternalURLs: {"https://localhost:12345": {}}
+  TLS:
+   Key: file://` + cwd + `/../../services/api/tmp/self-signed.key
+   Certificate: file://` + cwd + `/../../services/api/tmp/self-signed.pem
+`)
+
+	called := make(chan bool)
+	cmd := Command(arvados.ServiceNameController, func(ctx context.Context, _ *arvados.Cluster, token string, reg *prometheus.Registry) Handler {
+		return &testHandler{handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			w.Write([]byte("ok"))
+			close(called)
+		})}
+	})
+
+	exited := make(chan bool)
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	go func() {
+		cmd.RunCommand("arvados-controller", []string{"-config", "-"}, stdin, &stdout, &stderr)
+		close(exited)
+	}()
+	got := make(chan bool)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(got)
+		client := &http.Client{Transport: &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}}}
+		for range time.NewTicker(time.Millisecond).C {
+			resp, err := client.Get("https://localhost:12345")
+			if err != nil {
+				c.Log(err)
+				continue
+			}
+			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			c.Logf("status %d, body %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+			c.Check(resp.StatusCode, check.Equals, http.StatusOK)
+			break
+		}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-called:
+	case <-exited:
+		c.Error("command exited without calling handler")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		c.Error("timed out")
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-got:
+	case <-exited:
+		c.Error("command exited before client received response")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		c.Error("timed out")
+	}
+	c.Log(stderr.String())
+}
+
 type testHandler struct {
 	ctx         context.Context
+	handler     http.Handler
 	healthCheck chan bool
 }
 
-func (th *testHandler) ServeHTTP(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}
+func (th *testHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { th.handler.ServeHTTP(w, r) }
 func (th *testHandler) CheckHealth() error {
 	ctxlog.FromContext(th.ctx).Info("CheckHealth called")
 	select {
diff --git a/lib/service/tls.go b/lib/service/tls.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f14bc5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/service/tls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
+
+package service
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+func tlsConfigWithCertUpdater(cluster *arvados.Cluster, logger logrus.FieldLogger) (*tls.Config, error) {
+	currentCert := make(chan *tls.Certificate, 1)
+	loaded := false
+
+	key, cert := cluster.TLS.Key, cluster.TLS.Certificate
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(key, "file://") || !strings.HasPrefix(cert, "file://") {
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot use TLS certificate: TLS.Key and TLS.Certificate must be specified as file://...")
+	}
+	key, cert = key[7:], cert[7:]
+
+	update := func() error {
+		cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(cert, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error loading X509 key pair: %s", err)
+		}
+		if loaded {
+			// Throw away old cert
+			<-currentCert
+		}
+		currentCert <- &cert
+		loaded = true
+		return nil
+	}
+	err := update()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		reload := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		signal.Notify(reload, syscall.SIGHUP)
+		for range reload {
+			err := update()
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.WithError(err).Warn("error updating TLS certificate")
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// https://blog.gopheracademy.com/advent-2016/exposing-go-on-the-internet/
+	return &tls.Config{
+		PreferServerCipherSuites: true,
+		CurvePreferences: []tls.CurveID{
+			tls.CurveP256,
+			tls.X25519,
+		},
+		MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
+		CipherSuites: []uint16{
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+		},
+		GetCertificate: func(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+			cert := <-currentCert
+			currentCert <- cert
+			return cert, nil
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvados/config.go b/sdk/go/arvados/config.go
index 5a18972f5..c51f609f8 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvados/config.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvados/config.go
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ type Cluster struct {
 		DisabledAPIs                   StringSet
 		MaxIndexDatabaseRead           int
 		MaxItemsPerResponse            int
+		MaxConcurrentRequests          int
+		MaxKeepBlockBuffers            int
 		MaxRequestAmplification        int
 		MaxRequestSize                 int
 		RailsSessionSecretToken        string
@@ -96,13 +98,19 @@ type Cluster struct {
 		UnloggedAttributes StringSet
 	}
 	Collections struct {
-		BlobSigning          bool
-		BlobSigningKey       string
-		BlobSigningTTL       Duration
-		CollectionVersioning bool
-		DefaultTrashLifetime Duration
-		DefaultReplication   int
-		ManagedProperties    map[string]struct {
+		BlobSigning              bool
+		BlobSigningKey           string
+		BlobSigningTTL           Duration
+		BlobTrash                bool
+		BlobTrashLifetime        Duration
+		BlobTrashCheckInterval   Duration
+		BlobTrashConcurrency     int
+		BlobDeleteConcurrency    int
+		BlobReplicateConcurrency int
+		CollectionVersioning     bool
+		DefaultTrashLifetime     Duration
+		DefaultReplication       int
+		ManagedProperties        map[string]struct {
 			Value     interface{}
 			Function  string
 			Protected bool
@@ -157,6 +165,7 @@ type Cluster struct {
 		UserNotifierEmailFrom                 string
 		UserProfileNotificationAddress        string
 	}
+	Volumes   map[string]Volume
 	Workbench struct {
 		ActivationContactLink            string
 		APIClientConnectTimeout          Duration
@@ -196,6 +205,48 @@ type Cluster struct {
 	EnableBetaController14287 bool
 }
 
+type Volume struct {
+	AccessViaHosts   map[URL]VolumeAccess
+	ReadOnly         bool
+	Replication      int
+	StorageClasses   map[string]bool
+	Driver           string
+	DriverParameters json.RawMessage
+}
+
+type S3VolumeDriverParameters struct {
+	AccessKey          string
+	SecretKey          string
+	Endpoint           string
+	Region             string
+	Bucket             string
+	LocationConstraint bool
+	IndexPageSize      int
+	ConnectTimeout     Duration
+	ReadTimeout        Duration
+	RaceWindow         Duration
+	UnsafeDelete       bool
+}
+
+type AzureVolumeDriverParameters struct {
+	StorageAccountName   string
+	StorageAccountKey    string
+	StorageBaseURL       string
+	ContainerName        string
+	RequestTimeout       Duration
+	ListBlobsRetryDelay  Duration
+	ListBlobsMaxAttempts int
+}
+
+type DirectoryVolumeDriverParameters struct {
+	Root      string
+	Serialize bool
+}
+
+type VolumeAccess struct {
+	ReadOnly bool
+}
+
 type Services struct {
 	Composer       Service
 	Controller     Service
@@ -239,6 +290,10 @@ func (su URL) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s", (*url.URL)(&su).String())), nil
 }
 
+func (su URL) String() string {
+	return (*url.URL)(&su).String()
+}
+
 type ServiceInstance struct{}
 
 type PostgreSQL struct {
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvados/keep_service.go b/sdk/go/arvados/keep_service.go
index 0c866354a..e0ae1758d 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvados/keep_service.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvados/keep_service.go
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ type KeepService struct {
 }
 
 type KeepMount struct {
-	UUID           string   `json:"uuid"`
-	DeviceID       string   `json:"device_id"`
-	ReadOnly       bool     `json:"read_only"`
-	Replication    int      `json:"replication"`
-	StorageClasses []string `json:"storage_classes"`
+	UUID           string          `json:"uuid"`
+	DeviceID       string          `json:"device_id"`
+	ReadOnly       bool            `json:"read_only"`
+	Replication    int             `json:"replication"`
+	StorageClasses map[string]bool `json:"storage_classes"`
 }
 
 // KeepServiceList is an arvados#keepServiceList record
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvadostest/run_servers.go b/sdk/go/arvadostest/run_servers.go
index 490a7f3e0..5b01db5c4 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvadostest/run_servers.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvadostest/run_servers.go
@@ -111,16 +111,16 @@ func StopAPI() {
 }
 
 // StartKeep starts the given number of keep servers,
-// optionally with -enforce-permissions enabled.
-// Use numKeepServers = 2 and enforcePermissions = false under all normal circumstances.
-func StartKeep(numKeepServers int, enforcePermissions bool) {
+// optionally with --keep-blob-signing enabled.
+// Use numKeepServers = 2 and blobSigning = false under all normal circumstances.
+func StartKeep(numKeepServers int, blobSigning bool) {
 	cwd, _ := os.Getwd()
 	defer os.Chdir(cwd)
 	chdirToPythonTests()
 
 	cmdArgs := []string{"run_test_server.py", "start_keep", "--num-keep-servers", strconv.Itoa(numKeepServers)}
-	if enforcePermissions {
-		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "--keep-enforce-permissions")
+	if blobSigning {
+		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "--keep-blob-signing")
 	}
 
 	bgRun(exec.Command("python", cmdArgs...))
diff --git a/sdk/go/ctxlog/log.go b/sdk/go/ctxlog/log.go
index e66eeadee..a17ad8d83 100644
--- a/sdk/go/ctxlog/log.go
+++ b/sdk/go/ctxlog/log.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ func FromContext(ctx context.Context) logrus.FieldLogger {
 
 // New returns a new logger with the indicated format and
 // level.
-func New(out io.Writer, format, level string) logrus.FieldLogger {
+func New(out io.Writer, format, level string) *logrus.Logger {
 	logger := logrus.New()
 	logger.Out = out
 	setFormat(logger, format)
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ func New(out io.Writer, format, level string) logrus.FieldLogger {
 	return logger
 }
 
-func TestLogger(c *check.C) logrus.FieldLogger {
+func TestLogger(c interface{ Log(...interface{}) }) *logrus.Logger {
 	logger := logrus.New()
 	logger.Out = &logWriter{c.Log}
 	setFormat(logger, "text")
diff --git a/sdk/go/httpserver/httpserver.go b/sdk/go/httpserver/httpserver.go
index a94146f85..627e04f0b 100644
--- a/sdk/go/httpserver/httpserver.go
+++ b/sdk/go/httpserver/httpserver.go
@@ -43,7 +43,12 @@ func (srv *Server) Start() error {
 	srv.cond = sync.NewCond(mutex.RLocker())
 	srv.running = true
 	go func() {
-		err = srv.Serve(tcpKeepAliveListener{srv.listener})
+		lnr := tcpKeepAliveListener{srv.listener}
+		if srv.TLSConfig != nil {
+			err = srv.ServeTLS(lnr, "", "")
+		} else {
+			err = srv.Serve(lnr)
+		}
 		if !srv.wantDown {
 			srv.err = err
 		}
diff --git a/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter.go b/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter.go
index e7192d5b4..23e6e016d 100644
--- a/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter.go
+++ b/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter.go
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ package httpserver
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
 // RequestCounter is an http.Handler that tracks the number of
@@ -24,19 +27,45 @@ type RequestCounter interface {
 type limiterHandler struct {
 	requests chan struct{}
 	handler  http.Handler
+	count    int64 // only used if cap(requests)==0
 }
 
 // NewRequestLimiter returns a RequestCounter that delegates up to
 // maxRequests at a time to the given handler, and responds 503 to all
 // incoming requests beyond that limit.
-func NewRequestLimiter(maxRequests int, handler http.Handler) RequestCounter {
-	return &limiterHandler{
+//
+// "concurrent_requests" and "max_concurrent_requests" metrics are
+// registered with the given reg, if reg is not nil.
+func NewRequestLimiter(maxRequests int, handler http.Handler, reg *prometheus.Registry) RequestCounter {
+	h := &limiterHandler{
 		requests: make(chan struct{}, maxRequests),
 		handler:  handler,
 	}
+	if reg != nil {
+		reg.MustRegister(prometheus.NewGaugeFunc(
+			prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+				Namespace: "arvados",
+				Name:      "concurrent_requests",
+				Help:      "Number of requests in progress",
+			},
+			func() float64 { return float64(h.Current()) },
+		))
+		reg.MustRegister(prometheus.NewGaugeFunc(
+			prometheus.GaugeOpts{
+				Namespace: "arvados",
+				Name:      "max_concurrent_requests",
+				Help:      "Maximum number of concurrent requests",
+			},
+			func() float64 { return float64(h.Max()) },
+		))
+	}
+	return h
 }
 
 func (h *limiterHandler) Current() int {
+	if cap(h.requests) == 0 {
+		return int(atomic.LoadInt64(&h.count))
+	}
 	return len(h.requests)
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +74,11 @@ func (h *limiterHandler) Max() int {
 }
 
 func (h *limiterHandler) ServeHTTP(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	if cap(h.requests) == 0 {
+		atomic.AddInt64(&h.count, 1)
+		h.handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+		atomic.AddInt64(&h.count, -1)
+	}
 	select {
 	case h.requests <- struct{}{}:
 	default:
diff --git a/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter_test.go b/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter_test.go
index afa4e3faa..64d1f3d4c 100644
--- a/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter_test.go
+++ b/sdk/go/httpserver/request_limiter_test.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func newTestHandler(maxReqs int) *testHandler {
 
 func TestRequestLimiter1(t *testing.T) {
 	h := newTestHandler(10)
-	l := NewRequestLimiter(1, h)
+	l := NewRequestLimiter(1, h, nil)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	resps := make([]*httptest.ResponseRecorder, 10)
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func TestRequestLimiter1(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRequestLimiter10(t *testing.T) {
 	h := newTestHandler(10)
-	l := NewRequestLimiter(10, h)
+	l := NewRequestLimiter(10, h, nil)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py b/sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py
index 34342059f..a71064f19 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/run_test_server.py
@@ -399,9 +399,9 @@ def get_config():
     with open(os.environ["ARVADOS_CONFIG"]) as f:
         return yaml.safe_load(f)
 
-def internal_port_from_config(service):
+def internal_port_from_config(service, idx=0):
     return int(urlparse(
-        list(get_config()["Clusters"]["zzzzz"]["Services"][service]["InternalURLs"].keys())[0]).
+        sorted(list(get_config()["Clusters"]["zzzzz"]["Services"][service]["InternalURLs"].keys()))[idx]).
                netloc.split(":")[1])
 
 def external_port_from_config(service):
@@ -444,47 +444,42 @@ def stop_ws():
         return
     kill_server_pid(_pidfile('ws'))
 
-def _start_keep(n, keep_args):
-    keep0 = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-    port = find_available_port()
-    keep_cmd = ["keepstore",
-                "-volume={}".format(keep0),
-                "-listen=:{}".format(port),
-                "-pid="+_pidfile('keep{}'.format(n))]
-
-    for arg, val in keep_args.items():
-        keep_cmd.append("{}={}".format(arg, val))
-
+def _start_keep(n, blob_signing=False):
+    datadir = os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep%d.data"%n)
+    if os.path.exists(datadir):
+        shutil.rmtree(datadir)
+    os.mkdir(datadir)
+    port = internal_port_from_config("Keepstore", idx=n)
+    conf = os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep%d.yaml"%n)
+    confdata = get_config()
+    confdata['Clusters']['zzzzz']['Services']['Keepstore']['InternalURLs'] = {"http://127.0.0.1:%d"%port: {}}
+    confdata['Clusters']['zzzzz']['Collections']['BlobSigning'] = blob_signing
+    with open(conf, 'w') as f:
+        yaml.safe_dump(confdata, f)
+        f.truncate()
+    legacyconf = os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep%d-legacy.yaml"%n)
+    with open(legacyconf, 'w') as f:
+        yaml.safe_dump({"Listen": "127.0.0.1:%d"%port}, f)
+        f.truncate()
+    keep_cmd = ["keepstore", "-config", conf, "-legacy-keepstore-config", legacyconf]
+
+    print('logfilename is %s'%_logfilename('keep{}'.format(n)), file=sys.stderr)
     with open(_logfilename('keep{}'.format(n)), 'a') as logf:
         with open('/dev/null') as _stdin:
-            kp0 = subprocess.Popen(
+            child = subprocess.Popen(
                 keep_cmd, stdin=_stdin, stdout=logf, stderr=logf, close_fds=True)
 
+    print('child.pid is %d'%child.pid, file=sys.stderr)
     with open(_pidfile('keep{}'.format(n)), 'w') as f:
-        f.write(str(kp0.pid))
-
-    with open("{}/keep{}.volume".format(TEST_TMPDIR, n), 'w') as f:
-        f.write(keep0)
+        f.write(str(child.pid))
 
     _wait_until_port_listens(port)
 
     return port
 
-def run_keep(blob_signing_key=None, enforce_permissions=False, num_servers=2):
+def run_keep(num_servers=2, **kwargs):
     stop_keep(num_servers)
 
-    keep_args = {}
-    if not blob_signing_key:
-        blob_signing_key = 'zfhgfenhffzltr9dixws36j1yhksjoll2grmku38mi7yxd66h5j4q9w4jzanezacp8s6q0ro3hxakfye02152hncy6zml2ed0uc'
-    with open(os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep.blob_signing_key"), "w") as f:
-        keep_args['-blob-signing-key-file'] = f.name
-        f.write(blob_signing_key)
-    keep_args['-enforce-permissions'] = str(enforce_permissions).lower()
-    with open(os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep.data-manager-token-file"), "w") as f:
-        keep_args['-data-manager-token-file'] = f.name
-        f.write(auth_token('data_manager'))
-    keep_args['-never-delete'] = 'false'
-
     api = arvados.api(
         version='v1',
         host=os.environ['ARVADOS_API_HOST'],
@@ -497,7 +492,7 @@ def run_keep(blob_signing_key=None, enforce_permissions=False, num_servers=2):
         api.keep_disks().delete(uuid=d['uuid']).execute()
 
     for d in range(0, num_servers):
-        port = _start_keep(d, keep_args)
+        port = _start_keep(d, **kwargs)
         svc = api.keep_services().create(body={'keep_service': {
             'uuid': 'zzzzz-bi6l4-keepdisk{:07d}'.format(d),
             'service_host': 'localhost',
@@ -522,12 +517,6 @@ def run_keep(blob_signing_key=None, enforce_permissions=False, num_servers=2):
 
 def _stop_keep(n):
     kill_server_pid(_pidfile('keep{}'.format(n)))
-    if os.path.exists("{}/keep{}.volume".format(TEST_TMPDIR, n)):
-        with open("{}/keep{}.volume".format(TEST_TMPDIR, n), 'r') as r:
-            shutil.rmtree(r.read(), True)
-        os.unlink("{}/keep{}.volume".format(TEST_TMPDIR, n))
-    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep.blob_signing_key")):
-        os.remove(os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep.blob_signing_key"))
 
 def stop_keep(num_servers=2):
     for n in range(0, num_servers):
@@ -663,6 +652,10 @@ def setup_config():
     git_httpd_external_port = find_available_port()
     keepproxy_port = find_available_port()
     keepproxy_external_port = find_available_port()
+    keepstore0_port = find_available_port()
+    keepstore1_port = find_available_port()
+    keepstore2_port = find_available_port()
+    keepstore3_port = find_available_port()
     keep_web_port = find_available_port()
     keep_web_external_port = find_available_port()
     keep_web_dl_port = find_available_port()
@@ -678,45 +671,53 @@ def setup_config():
     services = {
         "RailsAPI": {
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "https://%s:%s"%(localhost, rails_api_port): {}
-            }
+                "https://%s:%s"%(localhost, rails_api_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "Controller": {
             "ExternalURL": "https://%s:%s" % (localhost, controller_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, controller_port): {}
-            }
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, controller_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "Websocket": {
             "ExternalURL": "wss://%s:%s/websocket" % (localhost, websocket_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, websocket_port): {}
-            }
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, websocket_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "GitHTTP": {
             "ExternalURL": "https://%s:%s" % (localhost, git_httpd_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
                 "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, git_httpd_port): {}
-            }
+            },
+        },
+        "Keepstore": {
+            "InternalURLs": {
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepstore0_port): {},
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepstore1_port): {},
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepstore2_port): {},
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepstore3_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "Keepproxy": {
             "ExternalURL": "https://%s:%s" % (localhost, keepproxy_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepproxy_port): {}
-            }
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keepproxy_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "WebDAV": {
             "ExternalURL": "https://%s:%s" % (localhost, keep_web_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keep_web_port): {}
-            }
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keep_web_port): {},
+            },
         },
         "WebDAVDownload": {
             "ExternalURL": "https://%s:%s" % (localhost, keep_web_dl_external_port),
             "InternalURLs": {
-                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keep_web_dl_port): {}
-            }
-        }
+                "http://%s:%s"%(localhost, keep_web_dl_port): {},
+            },
+        },
     }
 
     config = {
@@ -724,30 +725,70 @@ def setup_config():
             "zzzzz": {
                 "EnableBetaController14287": ('14287' in os.environ.get('ARVADOS_EXPERIMENTAL', '')),
                 "ManagementToken": "e687950a23c3a9bceec28c6223a06c79",
+                "SystemRootToken": auth_token('data_manager'),
                 "API": {
-                    "RequestTimeout": "30s"
+                    "RequestTimeout": "30s",
                 },
                 "SystemLogs": {
-                    "LogLevel": ('info' if os.environ.get('ARVADOS_DEBUG', '') in ['','0'] else 'debug')
+                    "LogLevel": ('info' if os.environ.get('ARVADOS_DEBUG', '') in ['','0'] else 'debug'),
                 },
                 "PostgreSQL": {
                     "Connection": pgconnection,
                 },
                 "TLS": {
-                    "Insecure": True
+                    "Insecure": True,
                 },
                 "Services": services,
                 "Users": {
-                    "AnonymousUserToken": auth_token('anonymous')
+                    "AnonymousUserToken": auth_token('anonymous'),
                 },
                 "Collections": {
-                    "TrustAllContent": True
+                    "BlobSigningKey": "zfhgfenhffzltr9dixws36j1yhksjoll2grmku38mi7yxd66h5j4q9w4jzanezacp8s6q0ro3hxakfye02152hncy6zml2ed0uc",
+                    "TrustAllContent": True,
                 },
                 "Git": {
-                    "Repositories": "%s/test" % os.path.join(SERVICES_SRC_DIR, 'api', 'tmp', 'git')
-                }
-            }
-        }
+                    "Repositories": "%s/test" % os.path.join(SERVICES_SRC_DIR, 'api', 'tmp', 'git'),
+                },
+                "Volumes": {
+                    "zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000": {
+                        "AccessViaHosts": {
+                            "http://%s:%s" % (localhost, keepstore0_port): {},
+                        },
+                        "Driver": "Directory",
+                        "DriverParameters": {
+                            "Root": os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep0.data"),
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111": {
+                        "AccessViaHosts": {
+                            "http://%s:%s" % (localhost, keepstore1_port): {},
+                        },
+                        "Driver": "Directory",
+                        "DriverParameters": {
+                            "Root": os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep1.data"),
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "zzzzz-nyw5e-222222222222222": {
+                        "AccessViaHosts": {
+                            "http://%s:%s" % (localhost, keepstore2_port): {},
+                        },
+                        "Driver": "Directory",
+                        "DriverParameters": {
+                            "Root": os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep2.data"),
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "zzzzz-nyw5e-333333333333333": {
+                        "AccessViaHosts": {
+                            "http://%s:%s" % (localhost, keepstore3_port): {},
+                        },
+                        "Driver": "Directory",
+                        "DriverParameters": {
+                            "Root": os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, "keep3.data"),
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        },
     }
 
     conf = os.path.join(TEST_TMPDIR, 'arvados.yml')
@@ -864,7 +905,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser.add_argument('action', type=str, help="one of {}".format(actions))
     parser.add_argument('--auth', type=str, metavar='FIXTURE_NAME', help='Print authorization info for given api_client_authorizations fixture')
     parser.add_argument('--num-keep-servers', metavar='int', type=int, default=2, help="Number of keep servers desired")
-    parser.add_argument('--keep-enforce-permissions', action="store_true", help="Enforce keep permissions")
+    parser.add_argument('--keep-blob-signing', action="store_true", help="Enable blob signing for keepstore servers")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -895,7 +936,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     elif args.action == 'stop_controller':
         stop_controller()
     elif args.action == 'start_keep':
-        run_keep(enforce_permissions=args.keep_enforce_permissions, num_servers=args.num_keep_servers)
+        run_keep(blob_signing=args.keep_blob_signing, num_servers=args.num_keep_servers)
     elif args.action == 'stop_keep':
         stop_keep(num_servers=args.num_keep_servers)
     elif args.action == 'start_keep_proxy':
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_arv_put.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_arv_put.py
index 42adf2450..a8c4a853c 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_arv_put.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_arv_put.py
@@ -852,27 +852,8 @@ class ArvadosPutTest(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers,
 
 class ArvPutIntegrationTest(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers,
                             ArvadosBaseTestCase):
-    def _getKeepServerConfig():
-        for config_file, mandatory in [
-                ['application.yml', False], ['application.default.yml', True]]:
-            path = os.path.join(run_test_server.SERVICES_SRC_DIR,
-                                "api", "config", config_file)
-            if not mandatory and not os.path.exists(path):
-                continue
-            with open(path) as f:
-                rails_config = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
-                for config_section in ['test', 'common']:
-                    try:
-                        key = rails_config[config_section]["blob_signing_key"]
-                    except (KeyError, TypeError):
-                        pass
-                    else:
-                        return {'blob_signing_key': key,
-                                'enforce_permissions': True}
-        return {'blog_signing_key': None, 'enforce_permissions': False}
-
     MAIN_SERVER = {}
-    KEEP_SERVER = _getKeepServerConfig()
+    KEEP_SERVER = {'blob_signing': True}
     PROJECT_UUID = run_test_server.fixture('groups')['aproject']['uuid']
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
index d6b3a2a12..80e6987b3 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ class KeepTestCase(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
 
 class KeepPermissionTestCase(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
     MAIN_SERVER = {}
-    KEEP_SERVER = {'blob_signing_key': 'abcdefghijk0123456789',
-                   'enforce_permissions': True}
+    KEEP_SERVER = {'blob_signing': True}
 
     def test_KeepBasicRWTest(self):
         run_test_server.authorize_with('active')
@@ -173,70 +172,6 @@ class KeepPermissionTestCase(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
                           unsigned_bar_locator)
 
 
-# KeepOptionalPermission: starts Keep with --permission-key-file
-# but not --enforce-permissions (i.e. generate signatures on PUT
-# requests, but do not require them for GET requests)
-#
-# All of these requests should succeed when permissions are optional:
-# * authenticated request, signed locator
-# * authenticated request, unsigned locator
-# * unauthenticated request, signed locator
-# * unauthenticated request, unsigned locator
-class KeepOptionalPermission(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
-    MAIN_SERVER = {}
-    KEEP_SERVER = {'blob_signing_key': 'abcdefghijk0123456789',
-                   'enforce_permissions': False}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def setUpClass(cls):
-        super(KeepOptionalPermission, cls).setUpClass()
-        run_test_server.authorize_with("admin")
-        cls.api_client = arvados.api('v1')
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        super(KeepOptionalPermission, self).setUp()
-        self.keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=self.api_client,
-                                              proxy='', local_store='')
-
-    def _put_foo_and_check(self):
-        signed_locator = self.keep_client.put('foo')
-        self.assertRegex(
-            signed_locator,
-            r'^acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8\+3\+A[a-f0-9]+@[a-f0-9]+$',
-            'invalid locator from Keep.put("foo"): ' + signed_locator)
-        return signed_locator
-
-    def test_KeepAuthenticatedSignedTest(self):
-        signed_locator = self._put_foo_and_check()
-        self.assertEqual(self.keep_client.get(signed_locator),
-                         b'foo',
-                         'wrong content from Keep.get(md5("foo"))')
-
-    def test_KeepAuthenticatedUnsignedTest(self):
-        signed_locator = self._put_foo_and_check()
-        self.assertEqual(self.keep_client.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"),
-                         b'foo',
-                         'wrong content from Keep.get(md5("foo"))')
-
-    def test_KeepUnauthenticatedSignedTest(self):
-        # Check that signed GET requests work even when permissions
-        # enforcement is off.
-        signed_locator = self._put_foo_and_check()
-        self.keep_client.api_token = ''
-        self.assertEqual(self.keep_client.get(signed_locator),
-                         b'foo',
-                         'wrong content from Keep.get(md5("foo"))')
-
-    def test_KeepUnauthenticatedUnsignedTest(self):
-        # Since --enforce-permissions is not in effect, GET requests
-        # need not be authenticated.
-        signed_locator = self._put_foo_and_check()
-        self.keep_client.api_token = ''
-        self.assertEqual(self.keep_client.get("acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"),
-                         b'foo',
-                         'wrong content from Keep.get(md5("foo"))')
-
-
 class KeepProxyTestCase(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
     MAIN_SERVER = {}
     KEEP_SERVER = {}
diff --git a/services/fuse/tests/integration_test.py b/services/fuse/tests/integration_test.py
index 7072eae68..89b39dbc8 100644
--- a/services/fuse/tests/integration_test.py
+++ b/services/fuse/tests/integration_test.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class IntegrationTest(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         run_test_server.run()
-        run_test_server.run_keep(enforce_permissions=True, num_servers=2)
+        run_test_server.run_keep(blob_signing=True, num_servers=2)
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
diff --git a/services/fuse/tests/test_exec.py b/services/fuse/tests/test_exec.py
index 192b1b5dc..c90e7fd8d 100644
--- a/services/fuse/tests/test_exec.py
+++ b/services/fuse/tests/test_exec.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class ExecMode(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         run_test_server.run()
-        run_test_server.run_keep(enforce_permissions=True, num_servers=2)
+        run_test_server.run_keep(blob_signing=True, num_servers=2)
         run_test_server.authorize_with('active')
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/services/health/main.go b/services/health/main.go
index a06a4f884..039954a00 100644
--- a/services/health/main.go
+++ b/services/health/main.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/service"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/health"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ var (
 	command cmd.Handler = service.Command(arvados.ServiceNameHealth, newHandler)
 )
 
-func newHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, _ string) service.Handler {
+func newHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, _ string, _ *prometheus.Registry) service.Handler {
 	return &health.Aggregator{Cluster: cluster}
 }
 
diff --git a/services/keep-balance/balance.go b/services/keep-balance/balance.go
index 08a6c5881..9f814a20d 100644
--- a/services/keep-balance/balance.go
+++ b/services/keep-balance/balance.go
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ func (bal *Balancer) setupLookupTables() {
 				bal.mountsByClass["default"][mnt] = true
 				continue
 			}
-			for _, class := range mnt.StorageClasses {
+			for class := range mnt.StorageClasses {
 				if mbc := bal.mountsByClass[class]; mbc == nil {
 					bal.classes = append(bal.classes, class)
 					bal.mountsByClass[class] = map[*KeepMount]bool{mnt: true}
diff --git a/services/keep-balance/balance_test.go b/services/keep-balance/balance_test.go
index 2259b3d8c..e372d3784 100644
--- a/services/keep-balance/balance_test.go
+++ b/services/keep-balance/balance_test.go
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ func (bal *balancerSuite) TestChangeStorageClasses(c *check.C) {
 	bal.srvs[9].mounts = []*KeepMount{{
 		KeepMount: arvados.KeepMount{
 			Replication:    1,
-			StorageClasses: []string{"special"},
+			StorageClasses: map[string]bool{"special": true},
 			UUID:           "zzzzz-mount-special00000009",
 			DeviceID:       "9-special",
 		},
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ func (bal *balancerSuite) TestChangeStorageClasses(c *check.C) {
 	}, {
 		KeepMount: arvados.KeepMount{
 			Replication:    1,
-			StorageClasses: []string{"special", "special2"},
+			StorageClasses: map[string]bool{"special": true, "special2": true},
 			UUID:           "zzzzz-mount-special20000009",
 			DeviceID:       "9-special-and-special2",
 		},
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ func (bal *balancerSuite) TestChangeStorageClasses(c *check.C) {
 	bal.srvs[13].mounts = []*KeepMount{{
 		KeepMount: arvados.KeepMount{
 			Replication:    1,
-			StorageClasses: []string{"special2"},
+			StorageClasses: map[string]bool{"special2": true},
 			UUID:           "zzzzz-mount-special2000000d",
 			DeviceID:       "13-special2",
 		},
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ func (bal *balancerSuite) TestChangeStorageClasses(c *check.C) {
 	}, {
 		KeepMount: arvados.KeepMount{
 			Replication:    1,
-			StorageClasses: []string{"default"},
+			StorageClasses: map[string]bool{"default": true},
 			UUID:           "zzzzz-mount-00000000000000d",
 			DeviceID:       "13-default",
 		},
diff --git a/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume.go b/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume.go
index 3c17b3bd0..b52b706b2 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ package main
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -22,99 +22,94 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-const (
-	azureDefaultRequestTimeout       = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Minute)
-	azureDefaultListBlobsMaxAttempts = 12
-	azureDefaultListBlobsRetryDelay  = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Second)
-)
-
-var (
-	azureMaxGetBytes           int
-	azureStorageAccountName    string
-	azureStorageAccountKeyFile string
-	azureStorageReplication    int
-	azureWriteRaceInterval     = 15 * time.Second
-	azureWriteRacePollTime     = time.Second
-)
+func init() {
+	driver["Azure"] = newAzureBlobVolume
+}
 
-func readKeyFromFile(file string) (string, error) {
-	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+func newAzureBlobVolume(cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) (Volume, error) {
+	v := &AzureBlobVolume{
+		StorageBaseURL:    storage.DefaultBaseURL,
+		RequestTimeout:    azureDefaultRequestTimeout,
+		WriteRaceInterval: azureDefaultWriteRaceInterval,
+		WriteRacePollTime: azureDefaultWriteRacePollTime,
+		cluster:           cluster,
+		volume:            volume,
+		logger:            logger,
+		metrics:           metrics,
+	}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(volume.DriverParameters, &v)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.New("reading key from " + file + ": " + err.Error())
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	accountKey := strings.TrimSpace(string(buf))
-	if accountKey == "" {
-		return "", errors.New("empty account key in " + file)
+	if v.ListBlobsRetryDelay == 0 {
+		v.ListBlobsRetryDelay = azureDefaultListBlobsRetryDelay
+	}
+	if v.ListBlobsMaxAttempts == 0 {
+		v.ListBlobsMaxAttempts = azureDefaultListBlobsMaxAttempts
+	}
+	if v.ContainerName == "" || v.StorageAccountName == "" || v.StorageAccountKey == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("DriverParameters: ContainerName, StorageAccountName, and StorageAccountKey must be provided")
+	}
+	azc, err := storage.NewClient(v.StorageAccountName, v.StorageAccountKey, v.StorageBaseURL, storage.DefaultAPIVersion, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating Azure storage client: %s", err)
+	}
+	v.azClient = azc
+	v.azClient.Sender = &singleSender{}
+	v.azClient.HTTPClient = &http.Client{
+		Timeout: time.Duration(v.RequestTimeout),
+	}
+	bs := v.azClient.GetBlobService()
+	v.container = &azureContainer{
+		ctr: bs.GetContainerReference(v.ContainerName),
 	}
-	return accountKey, nil
-}
-
-type azureVolumeAdder struct {
-	*Config
-}
 
-// String implements flag.Value
-func (s *azureVolumeAdder) String() string {
-	return "-"
+	if ok, err := v.container.Exists(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Azure container %q does not exist: %s", v.ContainerName, err)
+	}
+	return v, v.check()
 }
 
-func (s *azureVolumeAdder) Set(containerName string) error {
-	s.Config.Volumes = append(s.Config.Volumes, &AzureBlobVolume{
-		ContainerName:         containerName,
-		StorageAccountName:    azureStorageAccountName,
-		StorageAccountKeyFile: azureStorageAccountKeyFile,
-		AzureReplication:      azureStorageReplication,
-		ReadOnly:              deprecated.flagReadonly,
-	})
+func (v *AzureBlobVolume) check() error {
+	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.GetDeviceID()}
+	v.container.stats.opsCounters, v.container.stats.errCounters, v.container.stats.ioBytes = v.metrics.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func init() {
-	VolumeTypes = append(VolumeTypes, func() VolumeWithExamples { return &AzureBlobVolume{} })
-
-	flag.Var(&azureVolumeAdder{theConfig},
-		"azure-storage-container-volume",
-		"Use the given container as a storage volume. Can be given multiple times.")
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&azureStorageAccountName,
-		"azure-storage-account-name",
-		"",
-		"Azure storage account name used for subsequent --azure-storage-container-volume arguments.")
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&azureStorageAccountKeyFile,
-		"azure-storage-account-key-file",
-		"",
-		"`File` containing the account key used for subsequent --azure-storage-container-volume arguments.")
-	flag.IntVar(
-		&azureStorageReplication,
-		"azure-storage-replication",
-		3,
-		"Replication level to report to clients when data is stored in an Azure container.")
-	flag.IntVar(
-		&azureMaxGetBytes,
-		"azure-max-get-bytes",
-		BlockSize,
-		fmt.Sprintf("Maximum bytes to request in a single GET request. If smaller than %d, use multiple concurrent range requests to retrieve a block.", BlockSize))
-}
+const (
+	azureDefaultRequestTimeout       = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Minute)
+	azureDefaultListBlobsMaxAttempts = 12
+	azureDefaultListBlobsRetryDelay  = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Second)
+	azureDefaultWriteRaceInterval    = arvados.Duration(15 * time.Second)
+	azureDefaultWriteRacePollTime    = arvados.Duration(time.Second)
+)
 
 // An AzureBlobVolume stores and retrieves blocks in an Azure Blob
 // container.
 type AzureBlobVolume struct {
-	StorageAccountName    string
-	StorageAccountKeyFile string
-	StorageBaseURL        string // "" means default, "core.windows.net"
-	ContainerName         string
-	AzureReplication      int
-	ReadOnly              bool
-	RequestTimeout        arvados.Duration
-	StorageClasses        []string
-	ListBlobsRetryDelay   arvados.Duration
-	ListBlobsMaxAttempts  int
-
+	StorageAccountName   string
+	StorageAccountKey    string
+	StorageBaseURL       string // "" means default, "core.windows.net"
+	ContainerName        string
+	RequestTimeout       arvados.Duration
+	ListBlobsRetryDelay  arvados.Duration
+	ListBlobsMaxAttempts int
+	MaxGetBytes          int
+	WriteRaceInterval    arvados.Duration
+	WriteRacePollTime    arvados.Duration
+
+	cluster   *arvados.Cluster
+	volume    arvados.Volume
+	logger    logrus.FieldLogger
+	metrics   *volumeMetricsVecs
 	azClient  storage.Client
 	container *azureContainer
 }
@@ -127,84 +122,13 @@ func (*singleSender) Send(c *storage.Client, req *http.Request) (resp *http.Resp
 	return c.HTTPClient.Do(req)
 }
 
-// Examples implements VolumeWithExamples.
-func (*AzureBlobVolume) Examples() []Volume {
-	return []Volume{
-		&AzureBlobVolume{
-			StorageAccountName:    "example-account-name",
-			StorageAccountKeyFile: "/etc/azure_storage_account_key.txt",
-			ContainerName:         "example-container-name",
-			AzureReplication:      3,
-			RequestTimeout:        azureDefaultRequestTimeout,
-		},
-		&AzureBlobVolume{
-			StorageAccountName:    "cn-account-name",
-			StorageAccountKeyFile: "/etc/azure_cn_storage_account_key.txt",
-			StorageBaseURL:        "core.chinacloudapi.cn",
-			ContainerName:         "cn-container-name",
-			AzureReplication:      3,
-			RequestTimeout:        azureDefaultRequestTimeout,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
 // Type implements Volume.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Type() string {
 	return "Azure"
 }
 
-// Start implements Volume.
-func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
-	if v.ListBlobsRetryDelay == 0 {
-		v.ListBlobsRetryDelay = azureDefaultListBlobsRetryDelay
-	}
-	if v.ListBlobsMaxAttempts == 0 {
-		v.ListBlobsMaxAttempts = azureDefaultListBlobsMaxAttempts
-	}
-	if v.ContainerName == "" {
-		return errors.New("no container name given")
-	}
-	if v.StorageAccountName == "" || v.StorageAccountKeyFile == "" {
-		return errors.New("StorageAccountName and StorageAccountKeyFile must be given")
-	}
-	accountKey, err := readKeyFromFile(v.StorageAccountKeyFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if v.StorageBaseURL == "" {
-		v.StorageBaseURL = storage.DefaultBaseURL
-	}
-	v.azClient, err = storage.NewClient(v.StorageAccountName, accountKey, v.StorageBaseURL, storage.DefaultAPIVersion, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Azure storage client: %s", err)
-	}
-	v.azClient.Sender = &singleSender{}
-
-	if v.RequestTimeout == 0 {
-		v.RequestTimeout = azureDefaultRequestTimeout
-	}
-	v.azClient.HTTPClient = &http.Client{
-		Timeout: time.Duration(v.RequestTimeout),
-	}
-	bs := v.azClient.GetBlobService()
-	v.container = &azureContainer{
-		ctr: bs.GetContainerReference(v.ContainerName),
-	}
-
-	if ok, err := v.container.Exists(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Azure container %q does not exist", v.ContainerName)
-	}
-	// Set up prometheus metrics
-	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.DeviceID()}
-	v.container.stats.opsCounters, v.container.stats.errCounters, v.container.stats.ioBytes = vm.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// DeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the storage container.
-func (v *AzureBlobVolume) DeviceID() string {
+// GetDeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the storage container.
+func (v *AzureBlobVolume) GetDeviceID() string {
 	return "azure://" + v.StorageBaseURL + "/" + v.StorageAccountName + "/" + v.ContainerName
 }
 
@@ -245,14 +169,14 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 		if !haveDeadline {
 			t, err := v.Mtime(loc)
 			if err != nil {
-				log.Print("Got empty block (possible race) but Mtime failed: ", err)
+				ctxlog.FromContext(ctx).Print("Got empty block (possible race) but Mtime failed: ", err)
 				break
 			}
-			deadline = t.Add(azureWriteRaceInterval)
+			deadline = t.Add(v.WriteRaceInterval.Duration())
 			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
 				break
 			}
-			log.Printf("Race? Block %s is 0 bytes, %s old. Polling until %s", loc, time.Since(t), deadline)
+			ctxlog.FromContext(ctx).Printf("Race? Block %s is 0 bytes, %s old. Polling until %s", loc, time.Since(t), deadline)
 			haveDeadline = true
 		} else if time.Now().After(deadline) {
 			break
@@ -260,12 +184,12 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return 0, ctx.Err()
-		case <-time.After(azureWriteRacePollTime):
+		case <-time.After(v.WriteRacePollTime.Duration()):
 		}
 		size, err = v.get(ctx, loc, buf)
 	}
 	if haveDeadline {
-		log.Printf("Race ended with size==%d", size)
+		ctxlog.FromContext(ctx).Printf("Race ended with size==%d", size)
 	}
 	return size, err
 }
@@ -273,8 +197,15 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int, error) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
+
+	pieceSize := BlockSize
+	if v.MaxGetBytes > 0 && v.MaxGetBytes < BlockSize {
+		pieceSize = v.MaxGetBytes
+	}
+
+	pieces := 1
 	expectSize := len(buf)
-	if azureMaxGetBytes < BlockSize {
+	if pieceSize < BlockSize {
 		// Unfortunately the handler doesn't tell us how long the blob
 		// is expected to be, so we have to ask Azure.
 		props, err := v.container.GetBlobProperties(loc)
@@ -285,6 +216,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 			return 0, fmt.Errorf("block %s invalid size %d (max %d)", loc, props.ContentLength, BlockSize)
 		}
 		expectSize = int(props.ContentLength)
+		pieces = (expectSize + pieceSize - 1) / pieceSize
 	}
 
 	if expectSize == 0 {
@@ -293,7 +225,6 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 
 	// We'll update this actualSize if/when we get the last piece.
 	actualSize := -1
-	pieces := (expectSize + azureMaxGetBytes - 1) / azureMaxGetBytes
 	errors := make(chan error, pieces)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(pieces)
@@ -308,8 +239,8 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int,
 		// interrupted as a result.
 		go func(p int) {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			startPos := p * azureMaxGetBytes
-			endPos := startPos + azureMaxGetBytes
+			startPos := p * pieceSize
+			endPos := startPos + pieceSize
 			if endPos > expectSize {
 				endPos = expectSize
 			}
@@ -412,7 +343,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Compare(ctx context.Context, loc string, expect []byte
 
 // Put stores a Keep block as a block blob in the container.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	// Send the block data through a pipe, so that (if we need to)
@@ -441,7 +372,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) err
 	}()
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		theConfig.debugLogf("%s: taking CreateBlockBlobFromReader's input away: %s", v, ctx.Err())
+		ctxlog.FromContext(ctx).Debugf("%s: taking CreateBlockBlobFromReader's input away: %s", v, ctx.Err())
 		// Our pipe might be stuck in Write(), waiting for
 		// io.Copy() to read. If so, un-stick it. This means
 		// CreateBlockBlobFromReader will get corrupt data,
@@ -450,7 +381,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) err
 		go io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, bufr)
 		// CloseWithError() will return once pending I/O is done.
 		bufw.CloseWithError(ctx.Err())
-		theConfig.debugLogf("%s: abandoning CreateBlockBlobFromReader goroutine", v)
+		ctxlog.FromContext(ctx).Debugf("%s: abandoning CreateBlockBlobFromReader goroutine", v)
 		return ctx.Err()
 	case err := <-errChan:
 		return err
@@ -459,7 +390,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) err
 
 // Touch updates the last-modified property of a block blob.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Touch(loc string) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	trashed, metadata, err := v.checkTrashed(loc)
@@ -508,7 +439,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) IndexTo(prefix string, writer io.Writer) error {
 				continue
 			}
 			modtime := time.Time(b.Properties.LastModified)
-			if b.Properties.ContentLength == 0 && modtime.Add(azureWriteRaceInterval).After(time.Now()) {
+			if b.Properties.ContentLength == 0 && modtime.Add(v.WriteRaceInterval.Duration()).After(time.Now()) {
 				// A new zero-length blob is probably
 				// just a new non-empty blob that
 				// hasn't committed its data yet (see
@@ -535,7 +466,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) listBlobs(page int, params storage.ListBlobsParameters
 		resp, err = v.container.ListBlobs(params)
 		err = v.translateError(err)
 		if err == VolumeBusyError {
-			log.Printf("ListBlobs: will retry page %d in %s after error: %s", page, v.ListBlobsRetryDelay, err)
+			v.logger.Printf("ListBlobs: will retry page %d in %s after error: %s", page, v.ListBlobsRetryDelay, err)
 			time.Sleep(time.Duration(v.ListBlobsRetryDelay))
 			continue
 		} else {
@@ -547,7 +478,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) listBlobs(page int, params storage.ListBlobsParameters
 
 // Trash a Keep block.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 
@@ -562,12 +493,12 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 	}
 	if t, err := v.Mtime(loc); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if time.Since(t) < theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() {
+	} else if time.Since(t) < v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// If TrashLifetime == 0, just delete it
-	if theConfig.TrashLifetime == 0 {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime == 0 {
 		return v.container.DeleteBlob(loc, &storage.DeleteBlobOptions{
 			IfMatch: props.Etag,
 		})
@@ -575,7 +506,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 
 	// Otherwise, mark as trash
 	return v.container.SetBlobMetadata(loc, storage.BlobMetadata{
-		"expires_at": fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Add(theConfig.TrashLifetime.Duration()).Unix()),
+		"expires_at": fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Add(v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Duration()).Unix()),
 	}, &storage.SetBlobMetadataOptions{
 		IfMatch: props.Etag,
 	})
@@ -613,23 +544,6 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("azure-storage-container:%+q", v.ContainerName)
 }
 
-// Writable returns true, unless the -readonly flag was on when the
-// volume was added.
-func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Writable() bool {
-	return !v.ReadOnly
-}
-
-// Replication returns the replication level of the container, as
-// specified by the -azure-storage-replication argument.
-func (v *AzureBlobVolume) Replication() int {
-	return v.AzureReplication
-}
-
-// GetStorageClasses implements Volume
-func (v *AzureBlobVolume) GetStorageClasses() []string {
-	return v.StorageClasses
-}
-
 // If possible, translate an Azure SDK error to a recognizable error
 // like os.ErrNotExist.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) translateError(err error) error {
@@ -656,6 +570,10 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) isKeepBlock(s string) bool {
 // EmptyTrash looks for trashed blocks that exceeded TrashLifetime
 // and deletes them from the volume.
 func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
 	var bytesDeleted, bytesInTrash int64
 	var blocksDeleted, blocksInTrash int64
 
@@ -670,7 +588,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 
 		expiresAt, err := strconv.ParseInt(b.Metadata["expires_at"], 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("EmptyTrash: ParseInt(%v): %v", b.Metadata["expires_at"], err)
+			v.logger.Printf("EmptyTrash: ParseInt(%v): %v", b.Metadata["expires_at"], err)
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -682,7 +600,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 			IfMatch: b.Properties.Etag,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("EmptyTrash: DeleteBlob(%v): %v", b.Name, err)
+			v.logger.Printf("EmptyTrash: DeleteBlob(%v): %v", b.Name, err)
 			return
 		}
 		atomic.AddInt64(&blocksDeleted, 1)
@@ -690,8 +608,8 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 	}
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	todo := make(chan storage.Blob, theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers)
-	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers; i++ {
+	todo := make(chan storage.Blob, v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency)
+	for i := 0; i < v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
@@ -705,7 +623,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 	for page := 1; ; page++ {
 		resp, err := v.listBlobs(page, params)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("EmptyTrash: ListBlobs: %v", err)
+			v.logger.Printf("EmptyTrash: ListBlobs: %v", err)
 			break
 		}
 		for _, b := range resp.Blobs {
@@ -719,7 +637,7 @@ func (v *AzureBlobVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 	close(todo)
 	wg.Wait()
 
-	log.Printf("EmptyTrash stats for %v: Deleted %v bytes in %v blocks. Remaining in trash: %v bytes in %v blocks.", v.String(), bytesDeleted, blocksDeleted, bytesInTrash-bytesDeleted, blocksInTrash-blocksDeleted)
+	v.logger.Printf("EmptyTrash stats for %v: Deleted %v bytes in %v blocks. Remaining in trash: %v bytes in %v blocks.", v.String(), bytesDeleted, blocksDeleted, bytesInTrash-bytesDeleted, blocksInTrash-blocksDeleted)
 }
 
 // InternalStats returns bucket I/O and API call counters.
@@ -748,7 +666,6 @@ func (s *azureBlobStats) TickErr(err error) {
 	if err, ok := err.(storage.AzureStorageServiceError); ok {
 		errType = errType + fmt.Sprintf(" %d (%s)", err.StatusCode, err.Code)
 	}
-	log.Printf("errType %T, err %s", err, err)
 	s.statsTicker.TickErr(err, errType)
 }
 
diff --git a/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume_test.go b/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume_test.go
index 8d02def14..3539c3067 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/azure_blob_volume_test.go
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/storage"
-	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -66,14 +66,16 @@ type azBlob struct {
 
 type azStubHandler struct {
 	sync.Mutex
+	logger     logrus.FieldLogger
 	blobs      map[string]*azBlob
 	race       chan chan struct{}
 	didlist503 bool
 }
 
-func newAzStubHandler() *azStubHandler {
+func newAzStubHandler(c *check.C) *azStubHandler {
 	return &azStubHandler{
-		blobs: make(map[string]*azBlob),
+		blobs:  make(map[string]*azBlob),
+		logger: ctxlog.TestLogger(c),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	h.Lock()
 	defer h.Unlock()
 	if azureTestDebug {
-		defer log.Printf("azStubHandler: %+v", r)
+		defer h.logger.Printf("azStubHandler: %+v", r)
 	}
 
 	path := strings.Split(r.URL.Path, "/")
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("azStubHandler(%+v): %s", r, err)
+		h.logger.Printf("azStubHandler(%+v): %s", r, err)
 		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
@@ -184,13 +186,13 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	case r.Method == "PUT" && r.Form.Get("comp") == "block":
 		// "Put Block" API
 		if !blobExists {
-			log.Printf("Got block for nonexistent blob: %+v", r)
+			h.logger.Printf("Got block for nonexistent blob: %+v", r)
 			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
 		blockID, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(r.Form.Get("blockid"))
 		if err != nil || len(blockID) == 0 {
-			log.Printf("Invalid blockid: %+q", r.Form.Get("blockid"))
+			h.logger.Printf("Invalid blockid: %+q", r.Form.Get("blockid"))
 			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
@@ -200,14 +202,14 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// "Put Block List" API
 		bl := &blockListRequestBody{}
 		if err := xml.Unmarshal(body, bl); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("xml Unmarshal: %s", err)
+			h.logger.Printf("xml Unmarshal: %s", err)
 			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
 		for _, encBlockID := range bl.Uncommitted {
 			blockID, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encBlockID)
 			if err != nil || len(blockID) == 0 || blob.Uncommitted[string(blockID)] == nil {
-				log.Printf("Invalid blockid: %+q", encBlockID)
+				h.logger.Printf("Invalid blockid: %+q", encBlockID)
 				rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 				return
 			}
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// sets metadata headers only as a way to bump Etag
 		// and Last-Modified.
 		if !blobExists {
-			log.Printf("Got metadata for nonexistent blob: %+v", r)
+			h.logger.Printf("Got metadata for nonexistent blob: %+v", r)
 			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		rw.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(data)))
 		if r.Method == "GET" {
 			if _, err := rw.Write(data); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("write %+q: %s", data, err)
+				h.logger.Printf("write %+q: %s", data, err)
 			}
 		}
 		h.unlockAndRace()
@@ -333,12 +335,12 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		}
 		buf, err := xml.Marshal(resp)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Print(err)
+			h.logger.Error(err)
 			rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		}
 		rw.Write(buf)
 	default:
-		log.Printf("azStubHandler: not implemented: %+v Body:%+q", r, body)
+		h.logger.Printf("azStubHandler: not implemented: %+v Body:%+q", r, body)
 		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotImplemented)
 	}
 }
@@ -347,6 +349,7 @@ func (h *azStubHandler) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // tries to connect to "devstoreaccount1.blob.127.0.0.1:46067", and
 // in such cases transparently dials "127.0.0.1:46067" instead.
 type azStubDialer struct {
+	logger logrus.FieldLogger
 	net.Dialer
 }
 
@@ -355,7 +358,7 @@ var localHostPortRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(127\.0\.0\.1|localhost|\[::1\]):\d+`)
 func (d *azStubDialer) Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if hp := localHostPortRe.FindString(address); hp != "" {
 		if azureTestDebug {
-			log.Println("azStubDialer: dial", hp, "instead of", address)
+			d.logger.Debug("azStubDialer: dial", hp, "instead of", address)
 		}
 		address = hp
 	}
@@ -369,29 +372,24 @@ type TestableAzureBlobVolume struct {
 	t         TB
 }
 
-func NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t TB, readonly bool, replication int) *TestableAzureBlobVolume {
-	azHandler := newAzStubHandler()
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) newTestableAzureBlobVolume(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) *TestableAzureBlobVolume {
+	azHandler := newAzStubHandler(t.(*check.C))
 	azStub := httptest.NewServer(azHandler)
 
 	var azClient storage.Client
+	var err error
 
 	container := azureTestContainer
 	if container == "" {
 		// Connect to stub instead of real Azure storage service
 		stubURLBase := strings.Split(azStub.URL, "://")[1]
-		var err error
 		if azClient, err = storage.NewClient(fakeAccountName, fakeAccountKey, stubURLBase, storage.DefaultAPIVersion, false); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		container = "fakecontainername"
 	} else {
 		// Connect to real Azure storage service
-		accountKey, err := readKeyFromFile(azureStorageAccountKeyFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		azClient, err = storage.NewBasicClient(azureStorageAccountName, accountKey)
-		if err != nil {
+		if azClient, err = storage.NewBasicClient(os.Getenv("ARVADOS_TEST_AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME"), os.Getenv("ARVADOS_TEST_AZURE_ACCOUNT_KEY")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -400,12 +398,19 @@ func NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t TB, readonly bool, replication int) *TestableA
 	bs := azClient.GetBlobService()
 	v := &AzureBlobVolume{
 		ContainerName:        container,
-		ReadOnly:             readonly,
-		AzureReplication:     replication,
+		WriteRaceInterval:    arvados.Duration(time.Millisecond),
+		WriteRacePollTime:    arvados.Duration(time.Nanosecond),
 		ListBlobsMaxAttempts: 2,
 		ListBlobsRetryDelay:  arvados.Duration(time.Millisecond),
 		azClient:             azClient,
 		container:            &azureContainer{ctr: bs.GetContainerReference(container)},
+		cluster:              cluster,
+		volume:               volume,
+		logger:               ctxlog.TestLogger(t),
+		metrics:              metrics,
+	}
+	if err = v.check(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	return &TestableAzureBlobVolume{
@@ -419,84 +424,45 @@ func NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t TB, readonly bool, replication int) *TestableA
 var _ = check.Suite(&StubbedAzureBlobSuite{})
 
 type StubbedAzureBlobSuite struct {
-	volume            *TestableAzureBlobVolume
 	origHTTPTransport http.RoundTripper
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 	s.origHTTPTransport = http.DefaultTransport
 	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
+		Dial: (&azStubDialer{logger: ctxlog.TestLogger(c)}).Dial,
 	}
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = time.Millisecond
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = time.Nanosecond
-
-	s.volume = NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, false, 3)
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
-	s.volume.Teardown()
 	http.DefaultTransport = s.origHTTPTransport
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeWithGeneric(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = time.Millisecond
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = time.Nanosecond
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, azureStorageReplication)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeWithGeneric(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, cluster, volume, metrics)
 	})
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeConcurrentRanges(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(b int) {
-		azureMaxGetBytes = b
-	}(azureMaxGetBytes)
-
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = time.Millisecond
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = time.Nanosecond
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeConcurrentRanges(c *check.C) {
 	// Test (BlockSize mod azureMaxGetBytes)==0 and !=0 cases
-	for _, azureMaxGetBytes = range []int{2 << 22, 2<<22 - 1} {
-		DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-			return NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, azureStorageReplication)
+	for _, b := range []int{2 << 22, 2<<22 - 1} {
+		DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+			v := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, cluster, volume, metrics)
+			v.MaxGetBytes = b
+			return v
 		})
 	}
 }
 
-func TestReadonlyAzureBlobVolumeWithGeneric(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = time.Millisecond
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = time.Nanosecond
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, true, azureStorageReplication)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestReadonlyAzureBlobVolumeWithGeneric(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(c TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics)
 	})
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeRangeFenceposts(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-
-	v := NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, 3)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeRangeFenceposts(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, testCluster(c), arvados.Volume{Replication: 3}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()))
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	for _, size := range []int{
@@ -514,47 +480,27 @@ func TestAzureBlobVolumeRangeFenceposts(t *testing.T) {
 		hash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(data))
 		err := v.Put(context.Background(), hash, data)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
+			c.Error(err)
 		}
 		gotData := make([]byte, len(data))
 		gotLen, err := v.Get(context.Background(), hash, gotData)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
+			c.Error(err)
 		}
 		gotHash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(gotData))
 		if gotLen != size {
-			t.Errorf("length mismatch: got %d != %d", gotLen, size)
+			c.Errorf("length mismatch: got %d != %d", gotLen, size)
 		}
 		if gotHash != hash {
-			t.Errorf("hash mismatch: got %s != %s", gotHash, hash)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeReplication(t *testing.T) {
-	for r := 1; r <= 4; r++ {
-		v := NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, r)
-		defer v.Teardown()
-		if n := v.Replication(); n != r {
-			t.Errorf("Got replication %d, expected %d", n, r)
+			c.Errorf("hash mismatch: got %s != %s", gotHash, hash)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRace(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-
-	v := NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, 3)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRace(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, testCluster(c), arvados.Volume{Replication: 3}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()))
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = time.Second
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = time.Millisecond
-
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 
 	v.azHandler.race = make(chan chan struct{})
@@ -564,7 +510,7 @@ func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRace(t *testing.T) {
 		defer wg.Done()
 		err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
+			c.Error(err)
 		}
 	}()
 	continuePut := make(chan struct{})
@@ -576,7 +522,7 @@ func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRace(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := make([]byte, len(TestBlock))
 		_, err := v.Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
+			c.Error(err)
 		}
 	}()
 	// Wait for the stub's Get to get the empty blob
@@ -588,26 +534,18 @@ func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRace(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRaceDeadline(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-
-	v := NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, 3)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRaceDeadline(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, testCluster(c), arvados.Volume{Replication: 3}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()))
+	v.AzureBlobVolume.WriteRaceInterval.Set("2s")
+	v.AzureBlobVolume.WriteRacePollTime.Set("5ms")
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	azureWriteRaceInterval = 2 * time.Second
-	azureWriteRacePollTime = 5 * time.Millisecond
-
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, nil)
 
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	v.IndexTo("", buf)
 	if buf.Len() != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Index %+q should be empty", buf.Bytes())
+		c.Errorf("Index %+q should be empty", buf.Bytes())
 	}
 
 	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-1982*time.Millisecond))
@@ -618,56 +556,49 @@ func TestAzureBlobVolumeCreateBlobRaceDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 		n, err := v.Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
+			c.Error(err)
 			return
 		}
 		if n != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("Got %+q, expected empty buf", buf[:n])
+			c.Errorf("Got %+q, expected empty buf", buf[:n])
 		}
 	}()
 	select {
 	case <-allDone:
 	case <-time.After(time.Second):
-		t.Error("Get should have stopped waiting for race when block was 2s old")
+		c.Error("Get should have stopped waiting for race when block was 2s old")
 	}
 
 	buf.Reset()
 	v.IndexTo("", buf)
 	if !bytes.HasPrefix(buf.Bytes(), []byte(TestHash+"+0")) {
-		t.Errorf("Index %+q should have %+q", buf.Bytes(), TestHash+"+0")
+		c.Errorf("Index %+q should have %+q", buf.Bytes(), TestHash+"+0")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelGet(t *testing.T) {
-	testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelGet(c *check.C) {
+	s.testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(c, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
 		v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
 		_, err := v.Get(ctx, TestHash, make([]byte, BlockSize))
 		return err
 	})
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelPut(t *testing.T) {
-	testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelPut(c *check.C) {
+	s.testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(c, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
 		return v.Put(ctx, TestHash, make([]byte, BlockSize))
 	})
 }
 
-func TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelCompare(t *testing.T) {
-	testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestAzureBlobVolumeContextCancelCompare(c *check.C) {
+	s.testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(c, func(ctx context.Context, v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error {
 		v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
 		return v.Compare(ctx, TestHash, TestBlock2)
 	})
 }
 
-func testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t *testing.T, testFunc func(context.Context, *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error) {
-	defer func(t http.RoundTripper) {
-		http.DefaultTransport = t
-	}(http.DefaultTransport)
-	http.DefaultTransport = &http.Transport{
-		Dial: (&azStubDialer{}).Dial,
-	}
-
-	v := NewTestableAzureBlobVolume(t, false, 3)
+func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(c *check.C, testFunc func(context.Context, *TestableAzureBlobVolume) error) {
+	v := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, testCluster(c), arvados.Volume{Replication: 3}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()))
 	defer v.Teardown()
 	v.azHandler.race = make(chan chan struct{})
 
@@ -677,15 +608,15 @@ func testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t *testing.T, testFunc func(context.Contex
 		defer close(allDone)
 		err := testFunc(ctx, v)
 		if err != context.Canceled {
-			t.Errorf("got %T %q, expected %q", err, err, context.Canceled)
+			c.Errorf("got %T %q, expected %q", err, err, context.Canceled)
 		}
 	}()
 	releaseHandler := make(chan struct{})
 	select {
 	case <-allDone:
-		t.Error("testFunc finished without waiting for v.azHandler.race")
+		c.Error("testFunc finished without waiting for v.azHandler.race")
 	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Error("timed out waiting to enter handler")
+		c.Error("timed out waiting to enter handler")
 	case v.azHandler.race <- releaseHandler:
 	}
 
@@ -693,7 +624,7 @@ func testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t *testing.T, testFunc func(context.Contex
 
 	select {
 	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		t.Error("timed out waiting to cancel")
+		c.Error("timed out waiting to cancel")
 	case <-allDone:
 	}
 
@@ -703,8 +634,11 @@ func testAzureBlobVolumeContextCancel(t *testing.T, testFunc func(context.Contex
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestStats(c *check.C) {
+	volume := s.newTestableAzureBlobVolume(c, testCluster(c), arvados.Volume{Replication: 3}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()))
+	defer volume.Teardown()
+
 	stats := func() string {
-		buf, err := json.Marshal(s.volume.InternalStats())
+		buf, err := json.Marshal(volume.InternalStats())
 		c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 		return string(buf)
 	}
@@ -713,37 +647,25 @@ func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestStats(c *check.C) {
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"Errors":0,.*`)
 
 	loc := "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"
-	_, err := s.volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
+	_, err := volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
 	c.Check(err, check.NotNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"Ops":[^0],.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"Errors":[^0],.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"storage\.AzureStorageServiceError 404 \(404 Not Found\)":[^0].*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"InBytes":0,.*`)
 
-	err = s.volume.Put(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
+	err = volume.Put(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OutBytes":3,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"CreateOps":1,.*`)
 
-	_, err = s.volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
+	_, err = volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-	_, err = s.volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
+	_, err = volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"InBytes":6,.*`)
 }
 
-func (s *StubbedAzureBlobSuite) TestConfig(c *check.C) {
-	var cfg Config
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(`
-Volumes:
-  - Type: Azure
-    StorageClasses: ["class_a", "class_b"]
-`), &cfg)
-
-	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Check(cfg.Volumes[0].GetStorageClasses(), check.DeepEquals, []string{"class_a", "class_b"})
-}
-
 func (v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) PutRaw(locator string, data []byte) {
 	v.azHandler.PutRaw(v.ContainerName, locator, data)
 }
@@ -760,17 +682,6 @@ func (v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) ReadWriteOperationLabelValues() (r, w string)
 	return "get", "create"
 }
 
-func (v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) DeviceID() string {
-	// Dummy device id for testing purposes
-	return "azure://azure_blob_volume_test"
-}
-
-func (v *TestableAzureBlobVolume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
-	// Override original Start() to be able to assign CounterVecs with a dummy DeviceID
-	v.container.stats.opsCounters, v.container.stats.errCounters, v.container.stats.ioBytes = vm.getCounterVecsFor(prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.DeviceID()})
-	return nil
-}
-
 func makeEtag() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", rand.Int63())
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/bufferpool.go b/services/keepstore/bufferpool.go
index d2e7c9ebd..623693cd1 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/bufferpool.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/bufferpool.go
@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type bufferPool struct {
+	log logrus.FieldLogger
 	// limiter has a "true" placeholder for each in-use buffer.
 	limiter chan bool
 	// allocated is the number of bytes currently allocated to buffers.
@@ -19,9 +22,9 @@ type bufferPool struct {
 	sync.Pool
 }
 
-func newBufferPool(count int, bufSize int) *bufferPool {
-	p := bufferPool{}
-	p.New = func() interface{} {
+func newBufferPool(log logrus.FieldLogger, count int, bufSize int) *bufferPool {
+	p := bufferPool{log: log}
+	p.Pool.New = func() interface{} {
 		atomic.AddUint64(&p.allocated, uint64(bufSize))
 		return make([]byte, bufSize)
 	}
@@ -34,13 +37,13 @@ func (p *bufferPool) Get(size int) []byte {
 	case p.limiter <- true:
 	default:
 		t0 := time.Now()
-		log.Printf("reached max buffers (%d), waiting", cap(p.limiter))
+		p.log.Printf("reached max buffers (%d), waiting", cap(p.limiter))
 		p.limiter <- true
-		log.Printf("waited %v for a buffer", time.Since(t0))
+		p.log.Printf("waited %v for a buffer", time.Since(t0))
 	}
 	buf := p.Pool.Get().([]byte)
 	if cap(buf) < size {
-		log.Fatalf("bufferPool Get(size=%d) but max=%d", size, cap(buf))
+		p.log.Fatalf("bufferPool Get(size=%d) but max=%d", size, cap(buf))
 	}
 	return buf[:size]
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/bufferpool_test.go b/services/keepstore/bufferpool_test.go
index 21b03edd4..2afa0ddb8 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/bufferpool_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/bufferpool_test.go
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	. "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -17,16 +19,16 @@ type BufferPoolSuite struct{}
 // Initialize a default-sized buffer pool for the benefit of test
 // suites that don't run main().
 func init() {
-	bufs = newBufferPool(theConfig.MaxBuffers, BlockSize)
+	bufs = newBufferPool(ctxlog.FromContext(context.Background()), 12, BlockSize)
 }
 
 // Restore sane default after bufferpool's own tests
 func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TearDownTest(c *C) {
-	bufs = newBufferPool(theConfig.MaxBuffers, BlockSize)
+	bufs = newBufferPool(ctxlog.FromContext(context.Background()), 12, BlockSize)
 }
 
 func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TestBufferPoolBufSize(c *C) {
-	bufs := newBufferPool(2, 10)
+	bufs := newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 2, 10)
 	b1 := bufs.Get(1)
 	bufs.Get(2)
 	bufs.Put(b1)
@@ -35,14 +37,14 @@ func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TestBufferPoolBufSize(c *C) {
 }
 
 func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TestBufferPoolUnderLimit(c *C) {
-	bufs := newBufferPool(3, 10)
+	bufs := newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 3, 10)
 	b1 := bufs.Get(10)
 	bufs.Get(10)
 	testBufferPoolRace(c, bufs, b1, "Get")
 }
 
 func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TestBufferPoolAtLimit(c *C) {
-	bufs := newBufferPool(2, 10)
+	bufs := newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 2, 10)
 	b1 := bufs.Get(10)
 	bufs.Get(10)
 	testBufferPoolRace(c, bufs, b1, "Put")
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func testBufferPoolRace(c *C, bufs *bufferPool, unused []byte, expectWin string)
 }
 
 func (s *BufferPoolSuite) TestBufferPoolReuse(c *C) {
-	bufs := newBufferPool(2, 10)
+	bufs := newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 2, 10)
 	bufs.Get(10)
 	last := bufs.Get(10)
 	// The buffer pool is allowed to throw away unused buffers
diff --git a/services/keepstore/command.go b/services/keepstore/command.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df279687d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/keepstore/command.go
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/config"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/service"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var (
+	version = "dev"
+	Command = service.Command(arvados.ServiceNameKeepstore, newHandlerOrErrorHandler)
+)
+
+func main() {
+	os.Exit(runCommand(os.Args[0], os.Args[1:], os.Stdin, os.Stdout, os.Stderr))
+}
+
+func runCommand(prog string, args []string, stdin io.Reader, stdout, stderr io.Writer) int {
+	args, ok := convertKeepstoreFlagsToServiceFlags(args, ctxlog.FromContext(context.Background()))
+	if !ok {
+		return 2
+	}
+	return Command.RunCommand(prog, args, stdin, stdout, stderr)
+}
+
+// Parse keepstore command line flags, and return equivalent
+// service.Command flags. The second return value ("ok") is true if
+// all provided flags were successfully converted.
+func convertKeepstoreFlagsToServiceFlags(args []string, lgr logrus.FieldLogger) ([]string, bool) {
+	flags := flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	flags.String("listen", "", "Services.Keepstore.InternalURLs")
+	flags.Int("max-buffers", 0, "API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers")
+	flags.Int("max-requests", 0, "API.MaxConcurrentRequests")
+	flags.Bool("never-delete", false, "Collections.BlobTrash")
+	flags.Bool("enforce-permissions", false, "Collections.BlobSigning")
+	flags.String("permission-key-file", "", "Collections.BlobSigningKey")
+	flags.String("blob-signing-key-file", "", "Collections.BlobSigningKey")
+	flags.String("data-manager-token-file", "", "SystemRootToken")
+	flags.Int("permission-ttl", 0, "Collections.BlobSigningTTL")
+	flags.Int("blob-signature-ttl", 0, "Collections.BlobSigningTTL")
+	flags.String("trash-lifetime", "", "Collections.BlobTrashLifetime")
+	flags.Bool("serialize", false, "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.Serialize")
+	flags.Bool("readonly", false, "Volumes.*.ReadOnly")
+	flags.String("pid", "", "-")
+	flags.String("trash-check-interval", "", "Collections.BlobTrashCheckInterval")
+
+	flags.String("azure-storage-container-volume", "", "Volumes.*.Driver")
+	flags.String("azure-storage-account-name", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.StorageAccountName")
+	flags.String("azure-storage-account-key-file", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.StorageAccountKey")
+	flags.String("azure-storage-replication", "", "Volumes.*.Replication")
+	flags.String("azure-max-get-bytes", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.MaxDataReadSize")
+
+	flags.String("s3-bucket-volume", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.Bucket")
+	flags.String("s3-region", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.Region")
+	flags.String("s3-endpoint", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.Endpoint")
+	flags.String("s3-access-key-file", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.AccessKey")
+	flags.String("s3-secret-key-file", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.SecretKey")
+	flags.String("s3-race-window", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.RaceWindow")
+	flags.String("s3-replication", "", "Volumes.*.Replication")
+	flags.String("s3-unsafe-delete", "", "Volumes.*.DriverParameters.UnsafeDelete")
+
+	flags.String("volume", "", "Volumes")
+
+	flags.Bool("version", false, "")
+	flags.String("config", "", "")
+	flags.String("legacy-keepstore-config", "", "")
+
+	err := flags.Parse(args)
+	if err == flag.ErrHelp {
+		return []string{"-help"}, true
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	args = nil
+	ok := true
+	flags.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
+		if f.Name == "config" || f.Name == "legacy-keepstore-config" || f.Name == "version" {
+			args = append(args, "-"+f.Name, f.Value.String())
+		} else if f.Usage == "-" {
+			ok = false
+			lgr.Errorf("command line flag -%s is no longer supported", f.Name)
+		} else {
+			ok = false
+			lgr.Errorf("command line flag -%s is no longer supported -- use Clusters.*.%s in cluster config file instead", f.Name, f.Usage)
+		}
+	})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	flags = flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ExitOnError)
+	loader := config.NewLoader(nil, lgr)
+	loader.SetupFlags(flags)
+	return loader.MungeLegacyConfigArgs(lgr, args, "-legacy-keepstore-config"), true
+}
+
+type handler struct {
+	http.Handler
+	Cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	Logger  logrus.FieldLogger
+
+	pullq      *WorkQueue
+	trashq     *WorkQueue
+	volmgr     *RRVolumeManager
+	keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient
+
+	err       error
+	setupOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+func (h *handler) CheckHealth() error {
+	return h.err
+}
+
+func newHandlerOrErrorHandler(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, token string, reg *prometheus.Registry) service.Handler {
+	var h handler
+	serviceURL, ok := service.URLFromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return service.ErrorHandler(ctx, cluster, errors.New("BUG: no URL from service.URLFromContext"))
+	}
+	err := h.setup(ctx, cluster, token, reg, serviceURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return service.ErrorHandler(ctx, cluster, err)
+	}
+	return &h
+}
+
+func (h *handler) setup(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, token string, reg *prometheus.Registry, serviceURL arvados.URL) error {
+	h.Cluster = cluster
+	h.Logger = ctxlog.FromContext(ctx)
+	if h.Cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("MaxBuffers must be greater than zero")
+	}
+	bufs = newBufferPool(h.Logger, h.Cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers, BlockSize)
+
+	if h.Cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests < 1 {
+		h.Cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests = h.Cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers * 2
+		h.Logger.Warnf("MaxRequests <1 or not specified; defaulting to MaxKeepBlockBuffers * 2 == %d", h.Cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests)
+	}
+
+	if h.Cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey != "" {
+	} else if h.Cluster.Collections.BlobSigning {
+		return errors.New("cannot enable Collections.BlobSigning with no Collections.BlobSigningKey")
+	} else {
+		h.Logger.Warn("Running without a blob signing key. Block locators returned by this server will not be signed, and will be rejected by a server that enforces permissions. To fix this, configure Collections.BlobSigning and Collections.BlobSigningKey.")
+	}
+
+	if len(h.Cluster.Volumes) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no volumes configured")
+	}
+
+	h.Logger.Printf("keepstore %s starting, pid %d", version, os.Getpid())
+
+	// Start a round-robin VolumeManager with the configured volumes.
+	vm, err := makeRRVolumeManager(h.Logger, h.Cluster, serviceURL, newVolumeMetricsVecs(reg))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(vm.readables) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no volumes configured for %s", serviceURL)
+	}
+	h.volmgr = vm
+
+	// Initialize the pullq and workers
+	h.pullq = NewWorkQueue()
+	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < h.Cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency; i++ {
+		go h.runPullWorker(h.pullq)
+	}
+
+	// Initialize the trashq and workers
+	h.trashq = NewWorkQueue()
+	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < h.Cluster.Collections.BlobTrashConcurrency; i++ {
+		go RunTrashWorker(h.volmgr, h.Cluster, h.trashq)
+	}
+
+	// Set up routes and metrics
+	h.Handler = MakeRESTRouter(ctx, cluster, reg, vm, h.pullq, h.trashq)
+
+	// Initialize keepclient for pull workers
+	c, err := arvados.NewClientFromConfig(cluster)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ac, err := arvadosclient.New(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	h.keepClient = &keepclient.KeepClient{
+		Arvados:       ac,
+		Want_replicas: 1,
+	}
+	h.keepClient.Arvados.ApiToken = fmt.Sprintf("%x", rand.Int63())
+
+	if d := h.Cluster.Collections.BlobTrashCheckInterval.Duration(); d > 0 {
+		go emptyTrash(h.volmgr.writables, d)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/command_test.go b/services/keepstore/command_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad2aa0957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/keepstore/command_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
+)
+
+var _ = check.Suite(&CommandSuite{})
+
+type CommandSuite struct{}
+
+func (*CommandSuite) TestLegacyConfigPath(c *check.C) {
+	var stdin, stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	tmp, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer os.Remove(tmp.Name())
+	tmp.Write([]byte("Listen: \"1.2.3.4.5:invalidport\"\n"))
+	tmp.Close()
+	exited := runCommand("keepstore", []string{"-config", tmp.Name()}, &stdin, &stdout, &stderr)
+	c.Check(exited, check.Equals, 1)
+	c.Check(stderr.String(), check.Matches, `(?ms).*unable to migrate Listen value.*`)
+}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/config.go b/services/keepstore/config.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 43a219111..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/config.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-type Config struct {
-	Debug  bool
-	Listen string
-
-	LogFormat string
-
-	PIDFile string
-
-	MaxBuffers  int
-	MaxRequests int
-
-	BlobSignatureTTL    arvados.Duration
-	BlobSigningKeyFile  string
-	RequireSignatures   bool
-	SystemAuthTokenFile string
-	EnableDelete        bool
-	TrashLifetime       arvados.Duration
-	TrashCheckInterval  arvados.Duration
-	PullWorkers         int
-	TrashWorkers        int
-	EmptyTrashWorkers   int
-	TLSCertificateFile  string
-	TLSKeyFile          string
-
-	Volumes VolumeList
-
-	blobSigningKey  []byte
-	systemAuthToken string
-	debugLogf       func(string, ...interface{})
-
-	ManagementToken string
-}
-
-var (
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	formatter = map[string]logrus.Formatter{
-		"text": &logrus.TextFormatter{
-			FullTimestamp:   true,
-			TimestampFormat: rfc3339NanoFixed,
-		},
-		"json": &logrus.JSONFormatter{
-			TimestampFormat: rfc3339NanoFixed,
-		},
-	}
-	log = logrus.StandardLogger()
-)
-
-const rfc3339NanoFixed = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000Z07:00"
-
-// DefaultConfig returns the default configuration.
-func DefaultConfig() *Config {
-	return &Config{
-		Listen:             ":25107",
-		LogFormat:          "json",
-		MaxBuffers:         128,
-		RequireSignatures:  true,
-		BlobSignatureTTL:   arvados.Duration(14 * 24 * time.Hour),
-		TrashLifetime:      arvados.Duration(14 * 24 * time.Hour),
-		TrashCheckInterval: arvados.Duration(24 * time.Hour),
-		Volumes:            []Volume{},
-	}
-}
-
-// Start should be called exactly once: after setting all public
-// fields, and before using the config.
-func (cfg *Config) Start(reg *prometheus.Registry) error {
-	if cfg.Debug {
-		log.Level = logrus.DebugLevel
-		cfg.debugLogf = log.Printf
-		cfg.debugLogf("debugging enabled")
-	} else {
-		log.Level = logrus.InfoLevel
-		cfg.debugLogf = func(string, ...interface{}) {}
-	}
-
-	f := formatter[strings.ToLower(cfg.LogFormat)]
-	if f == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(`unsupported log format %q (try "text" or "json")`, cfg.LogFormat)
-	}
-	log.Formatter = f
-
-	if cfg.MaxBuffers < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("MaxBuffers must be greater than zero")
-	}
-	bufs = newBufferPool(cfg.MaxBuffers, BlockSize)
-
-	if cfg.MaxRequests < 1 {
-		cfg.MaxRequests = cfg.MaxBuffers * 2
-		log.Printf("MaxRequests <1 or not specified; defaulting to MaxBuffers * 2 == %d", cfg.MaxRequests)
-	}
-
-	if cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile != "" {
-		buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading blob signing key file: %s", err)
-		}
-		cfg.blobSigningKey = bytes.TrimSpace(buf)
-		if len(cfg.blobSigningKey) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("blob signing key file %q is empty", cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile)
-		}
-	} else if cfg.RequireSignatures {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot enable RequireSignatures (-enforce-permissions) without a blob signing key")
-	} else {
-		log.Println("Running without a blob signing key. Block locators " +
-			"returned by this server will not be signed, and will be rejected " +
-			"by a server that enforces permissions.")
-		log.Println("To fix this, use the BlobSigningKeyFile config entry.")
-	}
-
-	if fn := cfg.SystemAuthTokenFile; fn != "" {
-		buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fn)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot read system auth token file %q: %s", fn, err)
-		}
-		cfg.systemAuthToken = strings.TrimSpace(string(buf))
-	}
-
-	if cfg.EnableDelete {
-		log.Print("Trash/delete features are enabled. WARNING: this has not " +
-			"been extensively tested. You should disable this unless you can afford to lose data.")
-	}
-
-	if len(cfg.Volumes) == 0 {
-		if (&unixVolumeAdder{cfg}).Discover() == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("no volumes found")
-		}
-	}
-	vm := newVolumeMetricsVecs(reg)
-	for _, v := range cfg.Volumes {
-		if err := v.Start(vm); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("volume %s: %s", v, err)
-		}
-		log.Printf("Using volume %v (writable=%v)", v, v.Writable())
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// VolumeTypes is built up by init() funcs in the source files that
-// define the volume types.
-var VolumeTypes = []func() VolumeWithExamples{}
-
-type VolumeList []Volume
-
-// UnmarshalJSON -- given an array of objects -- deserializes each
-// object as the volume type indicated by the object's Type field.
-func (vl *VolumeList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	typeMap := map[string]func() VolumeWithExamples{}
-	for _, factory := range VolumeTypes {
-		t := factory().Type()
-		if _, ok := typeMap[t]; ok {
-			log.Fatalf("volume type %+q is claimed by multiple VolumeTypes", t)
-		}
-		typeMap[t] = factory
-	}
-
-	var mapList []map[string]interface{}
-	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &mapList)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, mapIn := range mapList {
-		typeIn, ok := mapIn["Type"].(string)
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid volume type %+v", mapIn["Type"])
-		}
-		factory, ok := typeMap[typeIn]
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported volume type %+q", typeIn)
-		}
-		data, err := json.Marshal(mapIn)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		vol := factory()
-		err = json.Unmarshal(data, vol)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		*vl = append(*vl, vol)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON adds a "Type" field to each volume corresponding to its
-// Type().
-func (vl *VolumeList) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	data := []byte{'['}
-	for _, vs := range *vl {
-		j, err := json.Marshal(vs)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if len(data) > 1 {
-			data = append(data, byte(','))
-		}
-		t, err := json.Marshal(vs.Type())
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		data = append(data, j[0])
-		data = append(data, []byte(`"Type":`)...)
-		data = append(data, t...)
-		data = append(data, byte(','))
-		data = append(data, j[1:]...)
-	}
-	return append(data, byte(']')), nil
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/config_test.go b/services/keepstore/config_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e3b0ffc22..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/config_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	log.Level = logrus.DebugLevel
-	theConfig.debugLogf = log.Printf
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/deprecated.go b/services/keepstore/deprecated.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d1377978a..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/deprecated.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"flag"
-	"time"
-
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
-)
-
-type deprecatedOptions struct {
-	flagSerializeIO     bool
-	flagReadonly        bool
-	neverDelete         bool
-	signatureTTLSeconds int
-}
-
-var deprecated = deprecatedOptions{
-	neverDelete:         !theConfig.EnableDelete,
-	signatureTTLSeconds: int(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() / time.Second),
-}
-
-func (depr *deprecatedOptions) beforeFlagParse(cfg *Config) {
-	flag.StringVar(&cfg.Listen, "listen", cfg.Listen, "see Listen configuration")
-	flag.IntVar(&cfg.MaxBuffers, "max-buffers", cfg.MaxBuffers, "see MaxBuffers configuration")
-	flag.IntVar(&cfg.MaxRequests, "max-requests", cfg.MaxRequests, "see MaxRequests configuration")
-	flag.BoolVar(&depr.neverDelete, "never-delete", depr.neverDelete, "see EnableDelete configuration")
-	flag.BoolVar(&cfg.RequireSignatures, "enforce-permissions", cfg.RequireSignatures, "see RequireSignatures configuration")
-	flag.StringVar(&cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile, "permission-key-file", cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile, "see BlobSigningKey`File` configuration")
-	flag.StringVar(&cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile, "blob-signing-key-file", cfg.BlobSigningKeyFile, "see BlobSigningKey`File` configuration")
-	flag.StringVar(&cfg.SystemAuthTokenFile, "data-manager-token-file", cfg.SystemAuthTokenFile, "see SystemAuthToken`File` configuration")
-	flag.IntVar(&depr.signatureTTLSeconds, "permission-ttl", depr.signatureTTLSeconds, "signature TTL in seconds; see BlobSignatureTTL configuration")
-	flag.IntVar(&depr.signatureTTLSeconds, "blob-signature-ttl", depr.signatureTTLSeconds, "signature TTL in seconds; see BlobSignatureTTL configuration")
-	flag.Var(&cfg.TrashLifetime, "trash-lifetime", "see TrashLifetime configuration")
-	flag.BoolVar(&depr.flagSerializeIO, "serialize", depr.flagSerializeIO, "serialize read and write operations on the following volumes.")
-	flag.BoolVar(&depr.flagReadonly, "readonly", depr.flagReadonly, "do not write, delete, or touch anything on the following volumes.")
-	flag.StringVar(&cfg.PIDFile, "pid", cfg.PIDFile, "see `PIDFile` configuration")
-	flag.Var(&cfg.TrashCheckInterval, "trash-check-interval", "see TrashCheckInterval configuration")
-}
-
-func (depr *deprecatedOptions) afterFlagParse(cfg *Config) {
-	cfg.BlobSignatureTTL = arvados.Duration(depr.signatureTTLSeconds) * arvados.Duration(time.Second)
-	cfg.EnableDelete = !depr.neverDelete
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/handler_test.go b/services/keepstore/handler_test.go
index ad907ef10..251ad0a1d 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/handler_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/handler_test.go
@@ -23,16 +23,49 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/lib/config"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
-var testCluster = &arvados.Cluster{
-	ClusterID: "zzzzz",
+var testServiceURL = func() arvados.URL {
+	return arvados.URL{Host: "localhost:12345", Scheme: "http"}
+}()
+
+func testCluster(t TB) *arvados.Cluster {
+	cfg, err := config.NewLoader(bytes.NewBufferString("Clusters: {zzzzz: {}}"), ctxlog.TestLogger(t)).Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cluster, err := cfg.GetCluster("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cluster.SystemRootToken = arvadostest.DataManagerToken
+	cluster.ManagementToken = arvadostest.ManagementToken
+	cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = false
+	return cluster
+}
+
+var _ = check.Suite(&HandlerSuite{})
+
+type HandlerSuite struct {
+	cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	handler *handler
+}
+
+func (s *HandlerSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster = testCluster(c)
+	s.cluster.Volumes = map[string]arvados.Volume{
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000": {Replication: 1, Driver: "mock"},
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111": {Replication: 1, Driver: "mock"},
+	}
+	s.handler = &handler{}
 }
 
 // A RequestTester represents the parameters for an HTTP request to
@@ -52,46 +85,41 @@ type RequestTester struct {
 //   - permissions on, authenticated request, expired locator
 //   - permissions on, authenticated request, signed locator, transient error from backend
 //
-func TestGetHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestGetHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes. Our block is stored on the second volume.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
-	if err := vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
+	err := vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
+	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	// Create locators for testing.
 	// Turn on permission settings so we can generate signed locators.
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = true
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte(knownKey)
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Set("5m")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = true
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = knownKey
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Set("5m")
 
 	var (
 		unsignedLocator  = "/" + TestHash
-		validTimestamp   = time.Now().Add(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration())
+		validTimestamp   = time.Now().Add(s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration())
 		expiredTimestamp = time.Now().Add(-time.Hour)
-		signedLocator    = "/" + SignLocator(TestHash, knownToken, validTimestamp)
-		expiredLocator   = "/" + SignLocator(TestHash, knownToken, expiredTimestamp)
+		signedLocator    = "/" + SignLocator(s.cluster, TestHash, knownToken, validTimestamp)
+		expiredLocator   = "/" + SignLocator(s.cluster, TestHash, knownToken, expiredTimestamp)
 	)
 
 	// -----------------
 	// Test unauthenticated request with permissions off.
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = false
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = false
 
 	// Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator
 	// => OK
-	response := IssueRequest(
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method: "GET",
 			uri:    unsignedLocator,
 		})
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator", http.StatusOK, response)
-	ExpectBody(t,
+	ExpectBody(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator",
 		string(TestBlock),
 		response)
@@ -99,58 +127,58 @@ func TestGetHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	receivedLen := response.Header().Get("Content-Length")
 	expectedLen := fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(TestBlock))
 	if receivedLen != expectedLen {
-		t.Errorf("expected Content-Length %s, got %s", expectedLen, receivedLen)
+		c.Errorf("expected Content-Length %s, got %s", expectedLen, receivedLen)
 	}
 
 	// ----------------
 	// Permissions: on.
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = true
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = true
 
 	// Authenticated request, signed locator
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      signedLocator,
 		apiToken: knownToken,
 	})
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Authenticated request, signed locator", http.StatusOK, response)
-	ExpectBody(t,
+	ExpectBody(c,
 		"Authenticated request, signed locator", string(TestBlock), response)
 
 	receivedLen = response.Header().Get("Content-Length")
 	expectedLen = fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(TestBlock))
 	if receivedLen != expectedLen {
-		t.Errorf("expected Content-Length %s, got %s", expectedLen, receivedLen)
+		c.Errorf("expected Content-Length %s, got %s", expectedLen, receivedLen)
 	}
 
 	// Authenticated request, unsigned locator
 	// => PermissionError
-	response = IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      unsignedLocator,
 		apiToken: knownToken,
 	})
-	ExpectStatusCode(t, "unsigned locator", PermissionError.HTTPCode, response)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c, "unsigned locator", PermissionError.HTTPCode, response)
 
 	// Unauthenticated request, signed locator
 	// => PermissionError
-	response = IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method: "GET",
 		uri:    signedLocator,
 	})
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request, signed locator",
 		PermissionError.HTTPCode, response)
 
 	// Authenticated request, expired locator
 	// => ExpiredError
-	response = IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      expiredLocator,
 		apiToken: knownToken,
 	})
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Authenticated request, expired locator",
 		ExpiredError.HTTPCode, response)
 
@@ -158,16 +186,16 @@ func TestGetHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	// => 503 Server busy (transient error)
 
 	// Set up the block owning volume to respond with errors
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).Bad = true
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).BadVolumeError = VolumeBusyError
-	response = IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	vols[0].Volume.(*MockVolume).Bad = true
+	vols[0].Volume.(*MockVolume).BadVolumeError = VolumeBusyError
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      signedLocator,
 		apiToken: knownToken,
 	})
 	// A transient error from one volume while the other doesn't find the block
 	// should make the service return a 503 so that clients can retry.
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Volume backend busy",
 		503, response)
 }
@@ -177,44 +205,42 @@ func TestGetHandler(t *testing.T) {
 //   - with server key, authenticated request, unsigned locator
 //   - with server key, unauthenticated request, unsigned locator
 //
-func TestPutHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPutHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	// --------------
 	// No server key.
 
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = ""
+
 	// Unauthenticated request, no server key
 	// => OK (unsigned response)
 	unsignedLocator := "/" + TestHash
-	response := IssueRequest(
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method:      "PUT",
 			uri:         unsignedLocator,
 			requestBody: TestBlock,
 		})
 
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request, no server key", http.StatusOK, response)
-	ExpectBody(t,
+	ExpectBody(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request, no server key",
 		TestHashPutResp, response)
 
 	// ------------------
 	// With a server key.
 
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte(knownKey)
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Set("5m")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = knownKey
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Set("5m")
 
 	// When a permission key is available, the locator returned
 	// from an authenticated PUT request will be signed.
 
 	// Authenticated PUT, signed locator
 	// => OK (signed response)
-	response = IssueRequest(
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method:      "PUT",
 			uri:         unsignedLocator,
@@ -222,76 +248,72 @@ func TestPutHandler(t *testing.T) {
 			apiToken:    knownToken,
 		})
 
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Authenticated PUT, signed locator, with server key",
 		http.StatusOK, response)
 	responseLocator := strings.TrimSpace(response.Body.String())
-	if VerifySignature(responseLocator, knownToken) != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Authenticated PUT, signed locator, with server key:\n"+
+	if VerifySignature(s.cluster, responseLocator, knownToken) != nil {
+		c.Errorf("Authenticated PUT, signed locator, with server key:\n"+
 			"response '%s' does not contain a valid signature",
 			responseLocator)
 	}
 
 	// Unauthenticated PUT, unsigned locator
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method:      "PUT",
 			uri:         unsignedLocator,
 			requestBody: TestBlock,
 		})
 
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Unauthenticated PUT, unsigned locator, with server key",
 		http.StatusOK, response)
-	ExpectBody(t,
+	ExpectBody(c,
 		"Unauthenticated PUT, unsigned locator, with server key",
 		TestHashPutResp, response)
 }
 
-func TestPutAndDeleteSkipReadonlyVolumes(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "fake-data-manager-token"
-	vols := []*MockVolume{CreateMockVolume(), CreateMockVolume()}
-	vols[0].Readonly = true
-	KeepVM = MakeRRVolumeManager([]Volume{vols[0], vols[1]})
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-	IssueRequest(
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPutAndDeleteSkipReadonlyVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Volumes["zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000"] = arvados.Volume{Driver: "mock", ReadOnly: true}
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
+
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "fake-data-manager-token"
+	IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method:      "PUT",
 			uri:         "/" + TestHash,
 			requestBody: TestBlock,
 		})
-	defer func(orig bool) {
-		theConfig.EnableDelete = orig
-	}(theConfig.EnableDelete)
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
-	IssueRequest(
+
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
+	IssueRequest(s.handler,
 		&RequestTester{
 			method:      "DELETE",
 			uri:         "/" + TestHash,
 			requestBody: TestBlock,
-			apiToken:    theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+			apiToken:    s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 		})
 	type expect struct {
-		volnum    int
+		volid     string
 		method    string
 		callcount int
 	}
 	for _, e := range []expect{
-		{0, "Get", 0},
-		{0, "Compare", 0},
-		{0, "Touch", 0},
-		{0, "Put", 0},
-		{0, "Delete", 0},
-		{1, "Get", 0},
-		{1, "Compare", 1},
-		{1, "Touch", 1},
-		{1, "Put", 1},
-		{1, "Delete", 1},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000", "Get", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000", "Compare", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000", "Touch", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000", "Put", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000", "Delete", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111", "Get", 0},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111", "Compare", 1},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111", "Touch", 1},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111", "Put", 1},
+		{"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111", "Delete", 1},
 	} {
-		if calls := vols[e.volnum].CallCount(e.method); calls != e.callcount {
-			t.Errorf("Got %d %s() on vol %d, expect %d", calls, e.method, e.volnum, e.callcount)
+		if calls := s.handler.volmgr.mountMap[e.volid].Volume.(*MockVolume).CallCount(e.method); calls != e.callcount {
+			c.Errorf("Got %d %s() on vol %s, expect %d", calls, e.method, e.volid, e.callcount)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -307,22 +329,18 @@ func TestPutAndDeleteSkipReadonlyVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 // The only /index requests that should succeed are those issued by the
 // superuser. They should pass regardless of the value of RequireSignatures.
 //
-func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestIndexHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	// Set up Keep volumes and populate them.
 	// Include multiple blocks on different volumes, and
 	// some metadata files (which should be omitted from index listings)
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash2, TestBlock2)
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
 	vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
 
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
 
 	unauthenticatedReq := &RequestTester{
 		method: "GET",
@@ -336,7 +354,7 @@ func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	superuserReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/index",
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 	unauthPrefixReq := &RequestTester{
 		method: "GET",
@@ -350,76 +368,76 @@ func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	superuserPrefixReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/index/" + TestHash[0:3],
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 	superuserNoSuchPrefixReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/index/abcd",
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 	superuserInvalidPrefixReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/index/xyz",
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 
 	// -------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Only the superuser should be allowed to issue /index requests.
 
 	// ---------------------------
-	// RequireSignatures enabled
+	// BlobSigning enabled
 	// This setting should not affect tests passing.
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = true
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = true
 
 	// unauthenticated /index request
 	// => UnauthorizedError
-	response := IssueRequest(unauthenticatedReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler, unauthenticatedReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"RequireSignatures on, unauthenticated request",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
 
 	// unauthenticated /index/prefix request
 	// => UnauthorizedError
-	response = IssueRequest(unauthPrefixReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, unauthPrefixReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, unauthenticated /index/prefix request",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
 
 	// authenticated /index request, non-superuser
 	// => UnauthorizedError
-	response = IssueRequest(authenticatedReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, authenticatedReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, authenticated request, non-superuser",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
 
 	// authenticated /index/prefix request, non-superuser
 	// => UnauthorizedError
-	response = IssueRequest(authPrefixReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, authPrefixReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, authenticated /index/prefix request, non-superuser",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
 
 	// superuser /index request
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, superuser request",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
 
 	// ----------------------------
-	// RequireSignatures disabled
+	// BlobSigning disabled
 	// Valid Request should still pass.
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = false
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = false
 
 	// superuser /index request
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, superuser request",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
@@ -428,15 +446,15 @@ func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		TestHash2 + `\+\d+ \d+\n\n$`
 	match, _ := regexp.MatchString(expected, response.Body.String())
 	if !match {
-		t.Errorf(
+		c.Errorf(
 			"permissions on, superuser request: expected %s, got:\n%s",
 			expected, response.Body.String())
 	}
 
 	// superuser /index/prefix request
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserPrefixReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserPrefixReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, superuser request",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
@@ -444,27 +462,27 @@ func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	expected = `^` + TestHash + `\+\d+ \d+\n\n$`
 	match, _ = regexp.MatchString(expected, response.Body.String())
 	if !match {
-		t.Errorf(
+		c.Errorf(
 			"permissions on, superuser /index/prefix request: expected %s, got:\n%s",
 			expected, response.Body.String())
 	}
 
 	// superuser /index/{no-such-prefix} request
 	// => OK
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserNoSuchPrefixReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserNoSuchPrefixReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, superuser request",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
 
 	if "\n" != response.Body.String() {
-		t.Errorf("Expected empty response for %s. Found %s", superuserNoSuchPrefixReq.uri, response.Body.String())
+		c.Errorf("Expected empty response for %s. Found %s", superuserNoSuchPrefixReq.uri, response.Body.String())
 	}
 
 	// superuser /index/{invalid-prefix} request
 	// => StatusBadRequest
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserInvalidPrefixReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserInvalidPrefixReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"permissions on, superuser request",
 		http.StatusBadRequest,
 		response)
@@ -496,27 +514,21 @@ func TestIndexHandler(t *testing.T) {
 //     (test for 200 OK, response with copies_deleted=0, copies_failed=1,
 //     confirm block not deleted)
 //
-func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Set up Keep volumes and populate them.
-	// Include multiple blocks on different volumes, and
-	// some metadata files (which should be omitted from index listings)
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestDeleteHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 
 	// Explicitly set the BlobSignatureTTL to 0 for these
 	// tests, to ensure the MockVolume deletes the blocks
 	// even though they have just been created.
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL = arvados.Duration(0)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL = arvados.Duration(0)
 
 	var userToken = "NOT DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
 
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 
 	unauthReq := &RequestTester{
 		method: "DELETE",
@@ -532,26 +544,26 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	superuserExistingBlockReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "DELETE",
 		uri:      "/" + TestHash,
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 
 	superuserNonexistentBlockReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "DELETE",
 		uri:      "/" + TestHash2,
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
 
 	// Unauthenticated request returns PermissionError.
 	var response *httptest.ResponseRecorder
-	response = IssueRequest(unauthReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, unauthReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"unauthenticated request",
 		PermissionError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
 
 	// Authenticated non-admin request returns PermissionError.
-	response = IssueRequest(userReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, userReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"authenticated non-admin request",
 		PermissionError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
@@ -563,24 +575,24 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	var responseDc, expectedDc deletecounter
 
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserNonexistentBlockReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserNonexistentBlockReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"data manager request, nonexistent block",
 		http.StatusNotFound,
 		response)
 
-	// Authenticated admin request for existing block while EnableDelete is false.
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = false
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserExistingBlockReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	// Authenticated admin request for existing block while BlobTrash is false.
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = false
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserExistingBlockReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"authenticated request, existing block, method disabled",
 		MethodDisabledError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 
 	// Authenticated admin request for existing block.
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserExistingBlockReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserExistingBlockReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"data manager request, existing block",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
@@ -588,7 +600,7 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedDc = deletecounter{1, 0}
 	json.NewDecoder(response.Body).Decode(&responseDc)
 	if responseDc != expectedDc {
-		t.Errorf("superuserExistingBlockReq\nexpected: %+v\nreceived: %+v",
+		c.Errorf("superuserExistingBlockReq\nexpected: %+v\nreceived: %+v",
 			expectedDc, responseDc)
 	}
 	// Confirm the block has been deleted
@@ -596,16 +608,16 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := vols[0].Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
 	var blockDeleted = os.IsNotExist(err)
 	if !blockDeleted {
-		t.Error("superuserExistingBlockReq: block not deleted")
+		c.Error("superuserExistingBlockReq: block not deleted")
 	}
 
 	// A DELETE request on a block newer than BlobSignatureTTL
 	// should return success but leave the block on the volume.
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL = arvados.Duration(time.Hour)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL = arvados.Duration(time.Hour)
 
-	response = IssueRequest(superuserExistingBlockReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, superuserExistingBlockReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"data manager request, existing block",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
@@ -613,13 +625,13 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedDc = deletecounter{1, 0}
 	json.NewDecoder(response.Body).Decode(&responseDc)
 	if responseDc != expectedDc {
-		t.Errorf("superuserExistingBlockReq\nexpected: %+v\nreceived: %+v",
+		c.Errorf("superuserExistingBlockReq\nexpected: %+v\nreceived: %+v",
 			expectedDc, responseDc)
 	}
 	// Confirm the block has NOT been deleted.
 	_, err = vols[0].Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("testing delete on new block: %s\n", err)
+		c.Errorf("testing delete on new block: %s\n", err)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -650,29 +662,33 @@ func TestDeleteHandler(t *testing.T) {
 // pull list simultaneously.  Make sure that none of them return 400
 // Bad Request and that pullq.GetList() returns a valid list.
 //
-func TestPullHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPullHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	var userToken = "USER TOKEN"
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
+	// Replace the router's pullq -- which the worker goroutines
+	// started by setup() are now receiving from -- with a new
+	// one, so we can see what the handler sends to it.
+	pullq := NewWorkQueue()
+	s.handler.Handler.(*router).pullq = pullq
 
-	pullq = NewWorkQueue()
+	var userToken = "USER TOKEN"
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
 
 	goodJSON := []byte(`[
 		{
-			"locator":"locator_with_two_servers",
+			"locator":"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa+12345",
 			"servers":[
-				"server1",
-				"server2"
+				"http://server1",
+				"http://server2"
 		 	]
 		},
 		{
-			"locator":"locator_with_no_servers",
+			"locator":"bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb+12345",
 			"servers":[]
 		},
 		{
-			"locator":"",
-			"servers":["empty_locator"]
+			"locator":"cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc+12345",
+			"servers":["http://server1"]
 		}
 	]`)
 
@@ -699,34 +715,39 @@ func TestPullHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			"Valid pull request from the data manager",
-			RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", goodJSON},
+			RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", goodJSON},
 			http.StatusOK,
 			"Received 3 pull requests\n",
 		},
 		{
 			"Invalid pull request from the data manager",
-			RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", badJSON},
+			RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", badJSON},
 			http.StatusBadRequest,
 			"",
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tst := range testcases {
-		response := IssueRequest(&tst.req)
-		ExpectStatusCode(t, tst.name, tst.responseCode, response)
-		ExpectBody(t, tst.name, tst.responseBody, response)
+		response := IssueRequest(s.handler, &tst.req)
+		ExpectStatusCode(c, tst.name, tst.responseCode, response)
+		ExpectBody(c, tst.name, tst.responseBody, response)
 	}
 
 	// The Keep pull manager should have received one good list with 3
 	// requests on it.
 	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-		item := <-pullq.NextItem
+		var item interface{}
+		select {
+		case item = <-pullq.NextItem:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			c.Error("timed out")
+		}
 		if _, ok := item.(PullRequest); !ok {
-			t.Errorf("item %v could not be parsed as a PullRequest", item)
+			c.Errorf("item %v could not be parsed as a PullRequest", item)
 		}
 	}
 
-	expectChannelEmpty(t, pullq.NextItem)
+	expectChannelEmpty(c, pullq.NextItem)
 }
 
 // TestTrashHandler
@@ -756,13 +777,16 @@ func TestPullHandler(t *testing.T) {
 // pull list simultaneously.  Make sure that none of them return 400
 // Bad Request and that replica.Dump() returns a valid list.
 //
-func TestTrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
+	// Replace the router's trashq -- which the worker goroutines
+	// started by setup() are now receiving from -- with a new
+	// one, so we can see what the handler sends to it.
+	trashq := NewWorkQueue()
+	s.handler.Handler.(*router).trashq = trashq
 
 	var userToken = "USER TOKEN"
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
-
-	trashq = NewWorkQueue()
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
 
 	goodJSON := []byte(`[
 		{
@@ -803,22 +827,22 @@ func TestTrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			"Valid trash list from the data manager",
-			RequestTester{"/trash", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", goodJSON},
+			RequestTester{"/trash", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", goodJSON},
 			http.StatusOK,
 			"Received 3 trash requests\n",
 		},
 		{
 			"Invalid trash list from the data manager",
-			RequestTester{"/trash", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", badJSON},
+			RequestTester{"/trash", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", badJSON},
 			http.StatusBadRequest,
 			"",
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tst := range testcases {
-		response := IssueRequest(&tst.req)
-		ExpectStatusCode(t, tst.name, tst.responseCode, response)
-		ExpectBody(t, tst.name, tst.responseBody, response)
+		response := IssueRequest(s.handler, &tst.req)
+		ExpectStatusCode(c, tst.name, tst.responseCode, response)
+		ExpectBody(c, tst.name, tst.responseBody, response)
 	}
 
 	// The trash collector should have received one good list with 3
@@ -826,11 +850,11 @@ func TestTrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 		item := <-trashq.NextItem
 		if _, ok := item.(TrashRequest); !ok {
-			t.Errorf("item %v could not be parsed as a TrashRequest", item)
+			c.Errorf("item %v could not be parsed as a TrashRequest", item)
 		}
 	}
 
-	expectChannelEmpty(t, trashq.NextItem)
+	expectChannelEmpty(c, trashq.NextItem)
 }
 
 // ====================
@@ -839,75 +863,71 @@ func TestTrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 
 // IssueTestRequest executes an HTTP request described by rt, to a
 // REST router.  It returns the HTTP response to the request.
-func IssueRequest(rt *RequestTester) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+func IssueRequest(handler http.Handler, rt *RequestTester) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
 	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	body := bytes.NewReader(rt.requestBody)
 	req, _ := http.NewRequest(rt.method, rt.uri, body)
 	if rt.apiToken != "" {
 		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "OAuth2 "+rt.apiToken)
 	}
-	loggingRouter := MakeRESTRouter(testCluster, prometheus.NewRegistry())
-	loggingRouter.ServeHTTP(response, req)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(response, req)
 	return response
 }
 
-func IssueHealthCheckRequest(rt *RequestTester) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+func IssueHealthCheckRequest(handler http.Handler, rt *RequestTester) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
 	response := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	body := bytes.NewReader(rt.requestBody)
 	req, _ := http.NewRequest(rt.method, rt.uri, body)
 	if rt.apiToken != "" {
 		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+rt.apiToken)
 	}
-	loggingRouter := MakeRESTRouter(testCluster, prometheus.NewRegistry())
-	loggingRouter.ServeHTTP(response, req)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(response, req)
 	return response
 }
 
 // ExpectStatusCode checks whether a response has the specified status code,
 // and reports a test failure if not.
 func ExpectStatusCode(
-	t *testing.T,
+	c *check.C,
 	testname string,
 	expectedStatus int,
 	response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
 	if response.Code != expectedStatus {
-		t.Errorf("%s: expected status %d, got %+v",
+		c.Errorf("%s: expected status %d, got %+v",
 			testname, expectedStatus, response)
 	}
 }
 
 func ExpectBody(
-	t *testing.T,
+	c *check.C,
 	testname string,
 	expectedBody string,
 	response *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
 	if expectedBody != "" && response.Body.String() != expectedBody {
-		t.Errorf("%s: expected response body '%s', got %+v",
+		c.Errorf("%s: expected response body '%s', got %+v",
 			testname, expectedBody, response)
 	}
 }
 
 // See #7121
-func TestPutNeedsOnlyOneBuffer(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(1)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPutNeedsOnlyOneBuffer(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	defer func(orig *bufferPool) {
 		bufs = orig
 	}(bufs)
-	bufs = newBufferPool(1, BlockSize)
+	bufs = newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 1, BlockSize)
 
 	ok := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
 		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
-			response := IssueRequest(
+			response := IssueRequest(s.handler,
 				&RequestTester{
 					method:      "PUT",
 					uri:         "/" + TestHash,
 					requestBody: TestBlock,
 				})
-			ExpectStatusCode(t,
+			ExpectStatusCode(c,
 				"TestPutNeedsOnlyOneBuffer", http.StatusOK, response)
 		}
 		ok <- struct{}{}
@@ -916,34 +936,30 @@ func TestPutNeedsOnlyOneBuffer(t *testing.T) {
 	select {
 	case <-ok:
 	case <-time.After(time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("PUT deadlocks with MaxBuffers==1")
+		c.Fatal("PUT deadlocks with MaxBuffers==1")
 	}
 }
 
 // Invoke the PutBlockHandler a bunch of times to test for bufferpool resource
 // leak.
-func TestPutHandlerNoBufferleak(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPutHandlerNoBufferleak(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	ok := make(chan bool)
 	go func() {
-		for i := 0; i < theConfig.MaxBuffers+1; i++ {
+		for i := 0; i < s.cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers+1; i++ {
 			// Unauthenticated request, no server key
 			// => OK (unsigned response)
 			unsignedLocator := "/" + TestHash
-			response := IssueRequest(
+			response := IssueRequest(s.handler,
 				&RequestTester{
 					method:      "PUT",
 					uri:         unsignedLocator,
 					requestBody: TestBlock,
 				})
-			ExpectStatusCode(t,
+			ExpectStatusCode(c,
 				"TestPutHandlerBufferleak", http.StatusOK, response)
-			ExpectBody(t,
+			ExpectBody(c,
 				"TestPutHandlerBufferleak",
 				TestHashPutResp, response)
 		}
@@ -952,7 +968,7 @@ func TestPutHandlerNoBufferleak(t *testing.T) {
 	select {
 	case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
 		// If the buffer pool leaks, the test goroutine hangs.
-		t.Fatal("test did not finish, assuming pool leaked")
+		c.Fatal("test did not finish, assuming pool leaked")
 	case <-ok:
 	}
 }
@@ -966,23 +982,18 @@ func (r *notifyingResponseRecorder) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
 	return r.closer
 }
 
-func TestGetHandlerClientDisconnect(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(was bool) {
-		theConfig.RequireSignatures = was
-	}(theConfig.RequireSignatures)
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = false
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestGetHandlerClientDisconnect(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning = false
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	defer func(orig *bufferPool) {
 		bufs = orig
 	}(bufs)
-	bufs = newBufferPool(1, BlockSize)
+	bufs = newBufferPool(ctxlog.TestLogger(c), 1, BlockSize)
 	defer bufs.Put(bufs.Get(BlockSize))
 
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	if err := KeepVM.AllWritable()[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+	if err := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
+		c.Error(err)
 	}
 
 	resp := &notifyingResponseRecorder{
@@ -990,7 +1001,7 @@ func TestGetHandlerClientDisconnect(t *testing.T) {
 		closer:           make(chan bool, 1),
 	}
 	if _, ok := http.ResponseWriter(resp).(http.CloseNotifier); !ok {
-		t.Fatal("notifyingResponseRecorder is broken")
+		c.Fatal("notifyingResponseRecorder is broken")
 	}
 	// If anyone asks, the client has disconnected.
 	resp.closer <- true
@@ -998,52 +1009,48 @@ func TestGetHandlerClientDisconnect(t *testing.T) {
 	ok := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
 		req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", fmt.Sprintf("/%s+%d", TestHash, len(TestBlock)), nil)
-		MakeRESTRouter(testCluster, prometheus.NewRegistry()).ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+		s.handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 		ok <- struct{}{}
 	}()
 
 	select {
 	case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("request took >20s, close notifier must be broken")
+		c.Fatal("request took >20s, close notifier must be broken")
 	case <-ok:
 	}
 
-	ExpectStatusCode(t, "client disconnect", http.StatusServiceUnavailable, resp.ResponseRecorder)
-	for i, v := range KeepVM.AllWritable() {
-		if calls := v.(*MockVolume).called["GET"]; calls != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("volume %d got %d calls, expected 0", i, calls)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c, "client disconnect", http.StatusServiceUnavailable, resp.ResponseRecorder)
+	for i, v := range s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable() {
+		if calls := v.Volume.(*MockVolume).called["GET"]; calls != 0 {
+			c.Errorf("volume %d got %d calls, expected 0", i, calls)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // Invoke the GetBlockHandler a bunch of times to test for bufferpool resource
 // leak.
-func TestGetHandlerNoBufferLeak(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes. Our block is stored on the second volume.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestGetHandlerNoBufferLeak(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	if err := vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		c.Error(err)
 	}
 
 	ok := make(chan bool)
 	go func() {
-		for i := 0; i < theConfig.MaxBuffers+1; i++ {
+		for i := 0; i < s.cluster.API.MaxKeepBlockBuffers+1; i++ {
 			// Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator
 			// => OK
 			unsignedLocator := "/" + TestHash
-			response := IssueRequest(
+			response := IssueRequest(s.handler,
 				&RequestTester{
 					method: "GET",
 					uri:    unsignedLocator,
 				})
-			ExpectStatusCode(t,
+			ExpectStatusCode(c,
 				"Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator", http.StatusOK, response)
-			ExpectBody(t,
+			ExpectBody(c,
 				"Unauthenticated request, unsigned locator",
 				string(TestBlock),
 				response)
@@ -1053,45 +1060,41 @@ func TestGetHandlerNoBufferLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	select {
 	case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
 		// If the buffer pool leaks, the test goroutine hangs.
-		t.Fatal("test did not finish, assuming pool leaked")
+		c.Fatal("test did not finish, assuming pool leaked")
 	case <-ok:
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPutReplicationHeader(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPutReplicationHeader(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	resp := IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+	resp := IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 		method:      "PUT",
 		uri:         "/" + TestHash,
 		requestBody: TestBlock,
 	})
 	if r := resp.Header().Get("X-Keep-Replicas-Stored"); r != "1" {
-		t.Errorf("Got X-Keep-Replicas-Stored: %q, expected %q", r, "1")
+		c.Logf("%#v", resp)
+		c.Errorf("Got X-Keep-Replicas-Stored: %q, expected %q", r, "1")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUntrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestUntrashHandler(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	// Set up Keep volumes
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
 
 	// unauthenticatedReq => UnauthorizedError
 	unauthenticatedReq := &RequestTester{
 		method: "PUT",
 		uri:    "/untrash/" + TestHash,
 	}
-	response := IssueRequest(unauthenticatedReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler, unauthenticatedReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Unauthenticated request",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
@@ -1103,8 +1106,8 @@ func TestUntrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		apiToken: knownToken,
 	}
 
-	response = IssueRequest(notDataManagerReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, notDataManagerReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Non-datamanager token",
 		UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode,
 		response)
@@ -1113,10 +1116,10 @@ func TestUntrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	datamanagerWithBadHashReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "PUT",
 		uri:      "/untrash/thisisnotalocator",
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
-	response = IssueRequest(datamanagerWithBadHashReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, datamanagerWithBadHashReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Bad locator in untrash request",
 		http.StatusBadRequest,
 		response)
@@ -1125,10 +1128,10 @@ func TestUntrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	datamanagerWrongMethodReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/untrash/" + TestHash,
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
-	response = IssueRequest(datamanagerWrongMethodReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, datamanagerWrongMethodReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"Only PUT method is supported for untrash",
 		http.StatusMethodNotAllowed,
 		response)
@@ -1137,60 +1140,57 @@ func TestUntrashHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	datamanagerReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "PUT",
 		uri:      "/untrash/" + TestHash,
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
-	response = IssueRequest(datamanagerReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response = IssueRequest(s.handler, datamanagerReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
 	expected := "Successfully untrashed on: [MockVolume],[MockVolume]"
 	if response.Body.String() != expected {
-		t.Errorf(
+		c.Errorf(
 			"Untrash response mismatched: expected %s, got:\n%s",
 			expected, response.Body.String())
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUntrashHandlerWithNoWritableVolumes(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Set up readonly Keep volumes
-	vols := []*MockVolume{CreateMockVolume(), CreateMockVolume()}
-	vols[0].Readonly = true
-	vols[1].Readonly = true
-	KeepVM = MakeRRVolumeManager([]Volume{vols[0], vols[1]})
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "DATA MANAGER TOKEN"
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestUntrashHandlerWithNoWritableVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	// Change all volumes to read-only
+	for uuid, v := range s.cluster.Volumes {
+		v.ReadOnly = true
+		s.cluster.Volumes[uuid] = v
+	}
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
 	// datamanagerReq => StatusOK
 	datamanagerReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "PUT",
 		uri:      "/untrash/" + TestHash,
-		apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+		apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 	}
-	response := IssueRequest(datamanagerReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler, datamanagerReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"No writable volumes",
 		http.StatusNotFound,
 		response)
 }
 
-func TestHealthCheckPing(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.ManagementToken = arvadostest.ManagementToken
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestHealthCheckPing(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.ManagementToken = arvadostest.ManagementToken
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 	pingReq := &RequestTester{
 		method:   "GET",
 		uri:      "/_health/ping",
 		apiToken: arvadostest.ManagementToken,
 	}
-	response := IssueHealthCheckRequest(pingReq)
-	ExpectStatusCode(t,
+	response := IssueHealthCheckRequest(s.handler, pingReq)
+	ExpectStatusCode(c,
 		"",
 		http.StatusOK,
 		response)
 	want := `{"health":"OK"}`
 	if !strings.Contains(response.Body.String(), want) {
-		t.Errorf("expected response to include %s: got %s", want, response.Body.String())
+		c.Errorf("expected response to include %s: got %s", want, response.Body.String())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/handlers.go b/services/keepstore/handlers.go
index 72088e2b5..86504422d 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/handlers.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/handlers.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
@@ -26,23 +27,31 @@ import (
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type router struct {
 	*mux.Router
-	limiter     httpserver.RequestCounter
 	cluster     *arvados.Cluster
+	logger      logrus.FieldLogger
 	remoteProxy remoteProxy
 	metrics     *nodeMetrics
+	volmgr      *RRVolumeManager
+	pullq       *WorkQueue
+	trashq      *WorkQueue
 }
 
 // MakeRESTRouter returns a new router that forwards all Keep requests
 // to the appropriate handlers.
-func MakeRESTRouter(cluster *arvados.Cluster, reg *prometheus.Registry) http.Handler {
+func MakeRESTRouter(ctx context.Context, cluster *arvados.Cluster, reg *prometheus.Registry, volmgr *RRVolumeManager, pullq, trashq *WorkQueue) http.Handler {
 	rtr := &router{
 		Router:  mux.NewRouter(),
 		cluster: cluster,
+		logger:  ctxlog.FromContext(ctx),
 		metrics: &nodeMetrics{reg: reg},
+		volmgr:  volmgr,
+		pullq:   pullq,
+		trashq:  trashq,
 	}
 
 	rtr.HandleFunc(
@@ -52,12 +61,12 @@ func MakeRESTRouter(cluster *arvados.Cluster, reg *prometheus.Registry) http.Han
 		rtr.handleGET).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
 
 	rtr.HandleFunc(`/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, rtr.handlePUT).Methods("PUT")
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, DeleteHandler).Methods("DELETE")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, rtr.handleDELETE).Methods("DELETE")
 	// List all blocks stored here. Privileged client only.
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/index`, rtr.IndexHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/index`, rtr.handleIndex).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
 	// List blocks stored here whose hash has the given prefix.
 	// Privileged client only.
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/index/{prefix:[0-9a-f]{0,32}}`, rtr.IndexHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/index/{prefix:[0-9a-f]{0,32}}`, rtr.handleIndex).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
 
 	// Internals/debugging info (runtime.MemStats)
 	rtr.HandleFunc(`/debug.json`, rtr.DebugHandler).Methods("GET", "HEAD")
@@ -67,20 +76,20 @@ func MakeRESTRouter(cluster *arvados.Cluster, reg *prometheus.Registry) http.Han
 
 	// List mounts: UUID, readonly, tier, device ID, ...
 	rtr.HandleFunc(`/mounts`, rtr.MountsHandler).Methods("GET")
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/mounts/{uuid}/blocks`, rtr.IndexHandler).Methods("GET")
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/mounts/{uuid}/blocks/`, rtr.IndexHandler).Methods("GET")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/mounts/{uuid}/blocks`, rtr.handleIndex).Methods("GET")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/mounts/{uuid}/blocks/`, rtr.handleIndex).Methods("GET")
 
 	// Replace the current pull queue.
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/pull`, PullHandler).Methods("PUT")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/pull`, rtr.handlePull).Methods("PUT")
 
 	// Replace the current trash queue.
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/trash`, TrashHandler).Methods("PUT")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/trash`, rtr.handleTrash).Methods("PUT")
 
 	// Untrash moves blocks from trash back into store
-	rtr.HandleFunc(`/untrash/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, UntrashHandler).Methods("PUT")
+	rtr.HandleFunc(`/untrash/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}`, rtr.handleUntrash).Methods("PUT")
 
 	rtr.Handle("/_health/{check}", &health.Handler{
-		Token:  theConfig.ManagementToken,
+		Token:  cluster.ManagementToken,
 		Prefix: "/_health/",
 	}).Methods("GET")
 
@@ -88,17 +97,11 @@ func MakeRESTRouter(cluster *arvados.Cluster, reg *prometheus.Registry) http.Han
 	// 400 Bad Request.
 	rtr.NotFoundHandler = http.HandlerFunc(BadRequestHandler)
 
-	rtr.limiter = httpserver.NewRequestLimiter(theConfig.MaxRequests, rtr)
 	rtr.metrics.setupBufferPoolMetrics(bufs)
-	rtr.metrics.setupWorkQueueMetrics(pullq, "pull")
-	rtr.metrics.setupWorkQueueMetrics(trashq, "trash")
-	rtr.metrics.setupRequestMetrics(rtr.limiter)
-
-	instrumented := httpserver.Instrument(rtr.metrics.reg, log,
-		httpserver.HandlerWithContext(
-			ctxlog.Context(context.Background(), log),
-			httpserver.AddRequestIDs(httpserver.LogRequests(rtr.limiter))))
-	return instrumented.ServeAPI(theConfig.ManagementToken, instrumented)
+	rtr.metrics.setupWorkQueueMetrics(rtr.pullq, "pull")
+	rtr.metrics.setupWorkQueueMetrics(rtr.trashq, "trash")
+
+	return rtr
 }
 
 // BadRequestHandler is a HandleFunc to address bad requests.
@@ -112,13 +115,13 @@ func (rtr *router) handleGET(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 
 	locator := req.URL.Path[1:]
 	if strings.Contains(locator, "+R") && !strings.Contains(locator, "+A") {
-		rtr.remoteProxy.Get(ctx, resp, req, rtr.cluster)
+		rtr.remoteProxy.Get(ctx, resp, req, rtr.cluster, rtr.volmgr)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if theConfig.RequireSignatures {
+	if rtr.cluster.Collections.BlobSigning {
 		locator := req.URL.Path[1:] // strip leading slash
-		if err := VerifySignature(locator, GetAPIToken(req)); err != nil {
+		if err := VerifySignature(rtr.cluster, locator, GetAPIToken(req)); err != nil {
 			http.Error(resp, err.Error(), err.(*KeepError).HTTPCode)
 			return
 		}
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ func (rtr *router) handleGET(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	}
 	defer bufs.Put(buf)
 
-	size, err := GetBlock(ctx, mux.Vars(req)["hash"], buf, resp)
+	size, err := GetBlock(ctx, rtr.volmgr, mux.Vars(req)["hash"], buf, resp)
 	if err != nil {
 		code := http.StatusInternalServerError
 		if err, ok := err.(*KeepError); ok {
@@ -160,7 +163,6 @@ func contextForResponse(parent context.Context, resp http.ResponseWriter) (conte
 		go func(c <-chan bool) {
 			select {
 			case <-c:
-				theConfig.debugLogf("cancel context")
 				cancel()
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 			}
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ func (rtr *router) handlePUT(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if len(KeepVM.AllWritable()) == 0 {
+	if len(rtr.volmgr.AllWritable()) == 0 {
 		http.Error(resp, FullError.Error(), FullError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ func (rtr *router) handlePUT(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	replication, err := PutBlock(ctx, buf, hash)
+	replication, err := PutBlock(ctx, rtr.volmgr, buf, hash)
 	bufs.Put(buf)
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -244,9 +246,9 @@ func (rtr *router) handlePUT(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	// return it to the client.
 	returnHash := fmt.Sprintf("%s+%d", hash, req.ContentLength)
 	apiToken := GetAPIToken(req)
-	if theConfig.blobSigningKey != nil && apiToken != "" {
-		expiry := time.Now().Add(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration())
-		returnHash = SignLocator(returnHash, apiToken, expiry)
+	if rtr.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey != "" && apiToken != "" {
+		expiry := time.Now().Add(rtr.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration())
+		returnHash = SignLocator(rtr.cluster, returnHash, apiToken, expiry)
 	}
 	resp.Header().Set("X-Keep-Replicas-Stored", strconv.Itoa(replication))
 	resp.Write([]byte(returnHash + "\n"))
@@ -254,8 +256,8 @@ func (rtr *router) handlePUT(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 
 // IndexHandler responds to "/index", "/index/{prefix}", and
 // "/mounts/{uuid}/blocks" requests.
-func (rtr *router) IndexHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	if !IsSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
+func (rtr *router) handleIndex(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	if !rtr.isSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
 		http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
@@ -268,14 +270,14 @@ func (rtr *router) IndexHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 
 	uuid := mux.Vars(req)["uuid"]
 
-	var vols []Volume
+	var vols []*VolumeMount
 	if uuid == "" {
-		vols = KeepVM.AllReadable()
-	} else if v := KeepVM.Lookup(uuid, false); v == nil {
+		vols = rtr.volmgr.AllReadable()
+	} else if mnt := rtr.volmgr.Lookup(uuid, false); mnt == nil {
 		http.Error(resp, "mount not found", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	} else {
-		vols = []Volume{v}
+		vols = []*VolumeMount{mnt}
 	}
 
 	for _, v := range vols {
@@ -303,9 +305,9 @@ func (rtr *router) IndexHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 
 // MountsHandler responds to "GET /mounts" requests.
 func (rtr *router) MountsHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	err := json.NewEncoder(resp).Encode(KeepVM.Mounts())
+	err := json.NewEncoder(resp).Encode(rtr.volmgr.Mounts())
 	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(resp, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		httpserver.Error(resp, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -368,32 +370,28 @@ func (rtr *router) StatusHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 // populate the given NodeStatus struct with current values.
 func (rtr *router) readNodeStatus(st *NodeStatus) {
 	st.Version = version
-	vols := KeepVM.AllReadable()
+	vols := rtr.volmgr.AllReadable()
 	if cap(st.Volumes) < len(vols) {
 		st.Volumes = make([]*volumeStatusEnt, len(vols))
 	}
 	st.Volumes = st.Volumes[:0]
 	for _, vol := range vols {
 		var internalStats interface{}
-		if vol, ok := vol.(InternalStatser); ok {
+		if vol, ok := vol.Volume.(InternalStatser); ok {
 			internalStats = vol.InternalStats()
 		}
 		st.Volumes = append(st.Volumes, &volumeStatusEnt{
 			Label:         vol.String(),
 			Status:        vol.Status(),
 			InternalStats: internalStats,
-			//VolumeStats: KeepVM.VolumeStats(vol),
+			//VolumeStats: rtr.volmgr.VolumeStats(vol),
 		})
 	}
 	st.BufferPool.Alloc = bufs.Alloc()
 	st.BufferPool.Cap = bufs.Cap()
 	st.BufferPool.Len = bufs.Len()
-	st.PullQueue = getWorkQueueStatus(pullq)
-	st.TrashQueue = getWorkQueueStatus(trashq)
-	if rtr.limiter != nil {
-		st.RequestsCurrent = rtr.limiter.Current()
-		st.RequestsMax = rtr.limiter.Max()
-	}
+	st.PullQueue = getWorkQueueStatus(rtr.pullq)
+	st.TrashQueue = getWorkQueueStatus(rtr.trashq)
 }
 
 // return a WorkQueueStatus for the given queue. If q is nil (which
@@ -407,7 +405,7 @@ func getWorkQueueStatus(q *WorkQueue) WorkQueueStatus {
 	return q.Status()
 }
 
-// DeleteHandler processes DELETE requests.
+// handleDELETE processes DELETE requests.
 //
 // DELETE /{hash:[0-9a-f]{32} will delete the block with the specified hash
 // from all connected volumes.
@@ -418,7 +416,7 @@ func getWorkQueueStatus(q *WorkQueue) WorkQueueStatus {
 // a PermissionError.
 //
 // Upon receiving a valid request from an authorized user,
-// DeleteHandler deletes all copies of the specified block on local
+// handleDELETE deletes all copies of the specified block on local
 // writable volumes.
 //
 // Response format:
@@ -434,17 +432,17 @@ func getWorkQueueStatus(q *WorkQueue) WorkQueueStatus {
 // where d and f are integers representing the number of blocks that
 // were successfully and unsuccessfully deleted.
 //
-func DeleteHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+func (rtr *router) handleDELETE(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	hash := mux.Vars(req)["hash"]
 
 	// Confirm that this user is an admin and has a token with unlimited scope.
 	var tok = GetAPIToken(req)
-	if tok == "" || !CanDelete(tok) {
+	if tok == "" || !rtr.canDelete(tok) {
 		http.Error(resp, PermissionError.Error(), PermissionError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if !theConfig.EnableDelete {
+	if !rtr.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash {
 		http.Error(resp, MethodDisabledError.Error(), MethodDisabledError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
@@ -456,7 +454,7 @@ func DeleteHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		Deleted int `json:"copies_deleted"`
 		Failed  int `json:"copies_failed"`
 	}
-	for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllWritable() {
+	for _, vol := range rtr.volmgr.AllWritable() {
 		if err := vol.Trash(hash); err == nil {
 			result.Deleted++
 		} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
@@ -530,9 +528,9 @@ type PullRequest struct {
 }
 
 // PullHandler processes "PUT /pull" requests for the data manager.
-func PullHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+func (rtr *router) handlePull(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	// Reject unauthorized requests.
-	if !IsSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
+	if !rtr.isSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
 		http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
@@ -556,7 +554,7 @@ func PullHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	for _, p := range pr {
 		plist.PushBack(p)
 	}
-	pullq.ReplaceQueue(plist)
+	rtr.pullq.ReplaceQueue(plist)
 }
 
 // TrashRequest consists of a block locator and its Mtime
@@ -569,9 +567,9 @@ type TrashRequest struct {
 }
 
 // TrashHandler processes /trash requests.
-func TrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+func (rtr *router) handleTrash(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	// Reject unauthorized requests.
-	if !IsSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
+	if !rtr.isSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
 		http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
@@ -595,27 +593,27 @@ func TrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	for _, t := range trash {
 		tlist.PushBack(t)
 	}
-	trashq.ReplaceQueue(tlist)
+	rtr.trashq.ReplaceQueue(tlist)
 }
 
 // UntrashHandler processes "PUT /untrash/{hash:[0-9a-f]{32}}" requests for the data manager.
-func UntrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+func (rtr *router) handleUntrash(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	// Reject unauthorized requests.
-	if !IsSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
+	if !rtr.isSystemAuth(GetAPIToken(req)) {
 		http.Error(resp, UnauthorizedError.Error(), UnauthorizedError.HTTPCode)
 		return
 	}
 
 	hash := mux.Vars(req)["hash"]
 
-	if len(KeepVM.AllWritable()) == 0 {
+	if len(rtr.volmgr.AllWritable()) == 0 {
 		http.Error(resp, "No writable volumes", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
 
 	var untrashedOn, failedOn []string
 	var numNotFound int
-	for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllWritable() {
+	for _, vol := range rtr.volmgr.AllWritable() {
 		err := vol.Untrash(hash)
 
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
@@ -629,12 +627,12 @@ func UntrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if numNotFound == len(KeepVM.AllWritable()) {
+	if numNotFound == len(rtr.volmgr.AllWritable()) {
 		http.Error(resp, "Block not found on any of the writable volumes", http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
 
-	if len(failedOn) == len(KeepVM.AllWritable()) {
+	if len(failedOn) == len(rtr.volmgr.AllWritable()) {
 		http.Error(resp, "Failed to untrash on all writable volumes", http.StatusInternalServerError)
 	} else {
 		respBody := "Successfully untrashed on: " + strings.Join(untrashedOn, ",")
@@ -664,11 +662,11 @@ func UntrashHandler(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 // If the block found does not have the correct MD5 hash, returns
 // DiskHashError.
 //
-func GetBlock(ctx context.Context, hash string, buf []byte, resp http.ResponseWriter) (int, error) {
+func GetBlock(ctx context.Context, volmgr *RRVolumeManager, hash string, buf []byte, resp http.ResponseWriter) (int, error) {
 	// Attempt to read the requested hash from a keep volume.
 	errorToCaller := NotFoundError
 
-	for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllReadable() {
+	for _, vol := range volmgr.AllReadable() {
 		size, err := vol.Get(ctx, hash, buf)
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -738,7 +736,7 @@ func GetBlock(ctx context.Context, hash string, buf []byte, resp http.ResponseWr
 //          all writes failed). The text of the error message should
 //          provide as much detail as possible.
 //
-func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
+func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, volmgr *RRVolumeManager, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
 	// Check that BLOCK's checksum matches HASH.
 	blockhash := fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(block))
 	if blockhash != hash {
@@ -749,7 +747,7 @@ func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
 	// If we already have this data, it's intact on disk, and we
 	// can update its timestamp, return success. If we have
 	// different data with the same hash, return failure.
-	if n, err := CompareAndTouch(ctx, hash, block); err == nil || err == CollisionError {
+	if n, err := CompareAndTouch(ctx, volmgr, hash, block); err == nil || err == CollisionError {
 		return n, err
 	} else if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return 0, ErrClientDisconnect
@@ -757,16 +755,16 @@ func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
 
 	// Choose a Keep volume to write to.
 	// If this volume fails, try all of the volumes in order.
-	if vol := KeepVM.NextWritable(); vol != nil {
-		if err := vol.Put(ctx, hash, block); err == nil {
-			return vol.Replication(), nil // success!
+	if mnt := volmgr.NextWritable(); mnt != nil {
+		if err := mnt.Put(ctx, hash, block); err == nil {
+			return mnt.Replication, nil // success!
 		}
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return 0, ErrClientDisconnect
 		}
 	}
 
-	writables := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	writables := volmgr.AllWritable()
 	if len(writables) == 0 {
 		log.Print("No writable volumes.")
 		return 0, FullError
@@ -779,7 +777,7 @@ func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
 			return 0, ErrClientDisconnect
 		}
 		if err == nil {
-			return vol.Replication(), nil // success!
+			return vol.Replication, nil // success!
 		}
 		if err != FullError {
 			// The volume is not full but the
@@ -803,10 +801,10 @@ func PutBlock(ctx context.Context, block []byte, hash string) (int, error) {
 // the relevant block's modification time in order to protect it from
 // premature garbage collection. Otherwise, it returns a non-nil
 // error.
-func CompareAndTouch(ctx context.Context, hash string, buf []byte) (int, error) {
+func CompareAndTouch(ctx context.Context, volmgr *RRVolumeManager, hash string, buf []byte) (int, error) {
 	var bestErr error = NotFoundError
-	for _, vol := range KeepVM.AllWritable() {
-		err := vol.Compare(ctx, hash, buf)
+	for _, mnt := range volmgr.AllWritable() {
+		err := mnt.Compare(ctx, hash, buf)
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return 0, ctx.Err()
 		} else if err == CollisionError {
@@ -815,7 +813,7 @@ func CompareAndTouch(ctx context.Context, hash string, buf []byte) (int, error)
 			// to tell which one is wanted if we have
 			// both, so there's no point writing it even
 			// on a different volume.)
-			log.Printf("%s: Compare(%s): %s", vol, hash, err)
+			log.Printf("%s: Compare(%s): %s", mnt.Volume, hash, err)
 			return 0, err
 		} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			// Block does not exist. This is the only
@@ -825,16 +823,16 @@ func CompareAndTouch(ctx context.Context, hash string, buf []byte) (int, error)
 			// Couldn't open file, data is corrupt on
 			// disk, etc.: log this abnormal condition,
 			// and try the next volume.
-			log.Printf("%s: Compare(%s): %s", vol, hash, err)
+			log.Printf("%s: Compare(%s): %s", mnt.Volume, hash, err)
 			continue
 		}
-		if err := vol.Touch(hash); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("%s: Touch %s failed: %s", vol, hash, err)
+		if err := mnt.Touch(hash); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("%s: Touch %s failed: %s", mnt.Volume, hash, err)
 			bestErr = err
 			continue
 		}
 		// Compare and Touch both worked --> done.
-		return vol.Replication(), nil
+		return mnt.Replication, nil
 	}
 	return 0, bestErr
 }
@@ -875,15 +873,15 @@ func IsExpired(timestampHex string) bool {
 	return time.Unix(ts, 0).Before(time.Now())
 }
 
-// CanDelete returns true if the user identified by apiToken is
+// canDelete returns true if the user identified by apiToken is
 // allowed to delete blocks.
-func CanDelete(apiToken string) bool {
+func (rtr *router) canDelete(apiToken string) bool {
 	if apiToken == "" {
 		return false
 	}
 	// Blocks may be deleted only when Keep has been configured with a
 	// data manager.
-	if IsSystemAuth(apiToken) {
+	if rtr.isSystemAuth(apiToken) {
 		return true
 	}
 	// TODO(twp): look up apiToken with the API server
@@ -892,8 +890,8 @@ func CanDelete(apiToken string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// IsSystemAuth returns true if the given token is allowed to perform
+// isSystemAuth returns true if the given token is allowed to perform
 // system level actions like deleting data.
-func IsSystemAuth(token string) bool {
-	return token != "" && token == theConfig.systemAuthToken
+func (rtr *router) isSystemAuth(token string) bool {
+	return token != "" && token == rtr.cluster.SystemRootToken
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/handlers_with_generic_volume_test.go b/services/keepstore/handlers_with_generic_volume_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ffb7f8f1..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/handlers_with_generic_volume_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-)
-
-// A TestableVolumeManagerFactory creates a volume manager with at least two TestableVolume instances.
-// The factory function, and the TestableVolume instances it returns, can use "t" to write
-// logs, fail the current test, etc.
-type TestableVolumeManagerFactory func(t TB) (*RRVolumeManager, []TestableVolume)
-
-// DoHandlersWithGenericVolumeTests runs a set of handler tests with a
-// Volume Manager comprised of TestableVolume instances.
-// It calls factory to create a volume manager with TestableVolume
-// instances for each test case, to avoid leaking state between tests.
-func DoHandlersWithGenericVolumeTests(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory) {
-	testGetBlock(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
-	testGetBlock(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
-	testPutRawBadDataGetBlock(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-	testPutRawBadDataGetBlock(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-	testPutBlock(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
-	testPutBlock(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
-	testPutBlockCorrupt(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-	testPutBlockCorrupt(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-}
-
-// Setup RRVolumeManager with TestableVolumes
-func setupHandlersWithGenericVolumeTest(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory) []TestableVolume {
-	vm, testableVolumes := factory(t)
-	KeepVM = vm
-
-	for _, v := range testableVolumes {
-		defer v.Teardown()
-	}
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	return testableVolumes
-}
-
-// Put a block using PutRaw in just one volume and Get it using GetBlock
-func testGetBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory, testHash string, testBlock []byte) {
-	testableVolumes := setupHandlersWithGenericVolumeTest(t, factory)
-
-	// Put testBlock in one volume
-	testableVolumes[1].PutRaw(testHash, testBlock)
-
-	// Get should pass
-	buf := make([]byte, len(testBlock))
-	n, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), testHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error while getting block %s", err)
-	}
-	if bytes.Compare(buf[:n], testBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Put succeeded but Get returned %+v, expected %+v", buf[:n], testBlock)
-	}
-}
-
-// Put a bad block using PutRaw and get it.
-func testPutRawBadDataGetBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory,
-	testHash string, testBlock []byte, badData []byte) {
-	testableVolumes := setupHandlersWithGenericVolumeTest(t, factory)
-
-	// Put bad data for testHash in both volumes
-	testableVolumes[0].PutRaw(testHash, badData)
-	testableVolumes[1].PutRaw(testHash, badData)
-
-	// Get should fail
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), testHash, buf, nil)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Got %+q, expected error while getting corrupt block %v", buf[:size], testHash)
-	}
-}
-
-// Invoke PutBlock twice to ensure CompareAndTouch path is tested.
-func testPutBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory, testHash string, testBlock []byte) {
-	setupHandlersWithGenericVolumeTest(t, factory)
-
-	// PutBlock
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), testBlock, testHash); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during PutBlock: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Check that PutBlock succeeds again even after CompareAndTouch
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), testBlock, testHash); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during PutBlock: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Check that PutBlock stored the data as expected
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), testHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during GetBlock for %q: %s", testHash, err)
-	} else if bytes.Compare(buf[:size], testBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Get response incorrect. Expected %q; found %q", testBlock, buf[:size])
-	}
-}
-
-// Put a bad block using PutRaw, overwrite it using PutBlock and get it.
-func testPutBlockCorrupt(t TB, factory TestableVolumeManagerFactory,
-	testHash string, testBlock []byte, badData []byte) {
-	testableVolumes := setupHandlersWithGenericVolumeTest(t, factory)
-
-	// Put bad data for testHash in both volumes
-	testableVolumes[0].PutRaw(testHash, badData)
-	testableVolumes[1].PutRaw(testHash, badData)
-
-	// Check that PutBlock with good data succeeds
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), testBlock, testHash); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during PutBlock for %q: %s", testHash, err)
-	}
-
-	// Put succeeded and overwrote the badData in one volume,
-	// and Get should return the testBlock now, ignoring the bad data.
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), testHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during GetBlock for %q: %s", testHash, err)
-	} else if bytes.Compare(buf[:size], testBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Get response incorrect. Expected %q; found %q", testBlock, buf[:size])
-	}
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/keepstore.go b/services/keepstore/keepstore.go
index fcbdddacb..f2973b586 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/keepstore.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/keepstore.go
@@ -5,24 +5,9 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"syscall"
 	"time"
-
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/config"
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
-	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/daemon"
-	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
-var version = "dev"
-
 // A Keep "block" is 64MB.
 const BlockSize = 64 * 1024 * 1024
 
@@ -30,9 +15,6 @@ const BlockSize = 64 * 1024 * 1024
 // in order to permit writes.
 const MinFreeKilobytes = BlockSize / 1024
 
-// ProcMounts /proc/mounts
-var ProcMounts = "/proc/mounts"
-
 var bufs *bufferPool
 
 // KeepError types.
@@ -65,184 +47,11 @@ func (e *KeepError) Error() string {
 	return e.ErrMsg
 }
 
-// ========================
-// Internal data structures
-//
-// These global variables are used by multiple parts of the
-// program. They are good candidates for moving into their own
-// packages.
-
-// The Keep VolumeManager maintains a list of available volumes.
-// Initialized by the --volumes flag (or by FindKeepVolumes).
-var KeepVM VolumeManager
-
-// The pull list manager and trash queue are threadsafe queues which
-// support atomic update operations. The PullHandler and TrashHandler
-// store results from Data Manager /pull and /trash requests here.
-//
-// See the Keep and Data Manager design documents for more details:
-// https://arvados.org/projects/arvados/wiki/Keep_Design_Doc
-// https://arvados.org/projects/arvados/wiki/Data_Manager_Design_Doc
-//
-var pullq *WorkQueue
-var trashq *WorkQueue
-
-func main() {
-	deprecated.beforeFlagParse(theConfig)
-
-	dumpConfig := flag.Bool("dump-config", false, "write current configuration to stdout and exit (useful for migrating from command line flags to config file)")
-	getVersion := flag.Bool("version", false, "Print version information and exit.")
-
-	defaultConfigPath := "/etc/arvados/keepstore/keepstore.yml"
-	var configPath string
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&configPath,
-		"config",
-		defaultConfigPath,
-		"YAML or JSON configuration file `path`")
-	flag.Usage = usage
-	flag.Parse()
-
-	// Print version information if requested
-	if *getVersion {
-		fmt.Printf("keepstore %s\n", version)
-		return
-	}
-
-	deprecated.afterFlagParse(theConfig)
-
-	err := config.LoadFile(theConfig, configPath)
-	if err != nil && (!os.IsNotExist(err) || configPath != defaultConfigPath) {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if *dumpConfig {
-		log.Fatal(config.DumpAndExit(theConfig))
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("keepstore %s started", version)
-
-	metricsRegistry := prometheus.NewRegistry()
-
-	err = theConfig.Start(metricsRegistry)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if pidfile := theConfig.PIDFile; pidfile != "" {
-		f, err := os.OpenFile(pidfile, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0777)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("open pidfile (%s): %s", pidfile, err)
-		}
-		defer f.Close()
-		err = syscall.Flock(int(f.Fd()), syscall.LOCK_EX|syscall.LOCK_NB)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("flock pidfile (%s): %s", pidfile, err)
-		}
-		defer os.Remove(pidfile)
-		err = f.Truncate(0)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("truncate pidfile (%s): %s", pidfile, err)
-		}
-		_, err = fmt.Fprint(f, os.Getpid())
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("write pidfile (%s): %s", pidfile, err)
-		}
-		err = f.Sync()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("sync pidfile (%s): %s", pidfile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var cluster *arvados.Cluster
-	cfg, err := arvados.GetConfig(arvados.DefaultConfigFile)
-	if err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		log.Warnf("DEPRECATED: proceeding without cluster configuration file %q (%s)", arvados.DefaultConfigFile, err)
-		cluster = &arvados.Cluster{
-			ClusterID: "xxxxx",
-		}
-	} else if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("load config %q: %s", arvados.DefaultConfigFile, err)
-	} else {
-		cluster, err = cfg.GetCluster("")
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("config error in %q: %s", arvados.DefaultConfigFile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Println("keepstore starting, pid", os.Getpid())
-	defer log.Println("keepstore exiting, pid", os.Getpid())
-
-	// Start a round-robin VolumeManager with the volumes we have found.
-	KeepVM = MakeRRVolumeManager(theConfig.Volumes)
-
-	// Middleware/handler stack
-	router := MakeRESTRouter(cluster, metricsRegistry)
-
-	// Set up a TCP listener.
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", theConfig.Listen)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	// Initialize keepclient for pull workers
-	keepClient := &keepclient.KeepClient{
-		Arvados:       &arvadosclient.ArvadosClient{},
-		Want_replicas: 1,
-	}
-
-	// Initialize the pullq and workers
-	pullq = NewWorkQueue()
-	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < theConfig.PullWorkers; i++ {
-		go RunPullWorker(pullq, keepClient)
-	}
-
-	// Initialize the trashq and workers
-	trashq = NewWorkQueue()
-	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < theConfig.TrashWorkers; i++ {
-		go RunTrashWorker(trashq)
-	}
-
-	// Start emptyTrash goroutine
-	doneEmptyingTrash := make(chan bool)
-	go emptyTrash(doneEmptyingTrash, theConfig.TrashCheckInterval.Duration())
-
-	// Shut down the server gracefully (by closing the listener)
-	// if SIGTERM is received.
-	term := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	go func(sig <-chan os.Signal) {
-		s := <-sig
-		log.Println("caught signal:", s)
-		doneEmptyingTrash <- true
-		listener.Close()
-	}(term)
-	signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	signal.Notify(term, syscall.SIGINT)
-
-	if _, err := daemon.SdNotify(false, "READY=1"); err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Error notifying init daemon: %v", err)
-	}
-	log.Println("listening at", listener.Addr())
-	srv := &server{}
-	srv.Handler = router
-	srv.Serve(listener)
-}
-
 // Periodically (once per interval) invoke EmptyTrash on all volumes.
-func emptyTrash(done <-chan bool, interval time.Duration) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			for _, v := range theConfig.Volumes {
-				if v.Writable() {
-					v.EmptyTrash()
-				}
-			}
-		case <-done:
-			ticker.Stop()
-			return
+func emptyTrash(mounts []*VolumeMount, interval time.Duration) {
+	for range time.NewTicker(interval).C {
+		for _, v := range mounts {
+			v.EmptyTrash()
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/keepstore.service b/services/keepstore/keepstore.service
index 8b448e72c..728c6fded 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/keepstore.service
+++ b/services/keepstore/keepstore.service
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 Description=Arvados Keep Storage Daemon
 Documentation=https://doc.arvados.org/
 After=network.target
-AssertPathExists=/etc/arvados/keepstore/keepstore.yml
 
 # systemd==229 (ubuntu:xenial) obeys StartLimitInterval in the [Unit] section
 StartLimitInterval=0
diff --git a/services/keepstore/keepstore_test.go b/services/keepstore/keepstore_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d1d380466..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/keepstore_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,456 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"regexp"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
-)
-
-var TestBlock = []byte("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.")
-var TestHash = "e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0"
-var TestHashPutResp = "e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0+44\n"
-
-var TestBlock2 = []byte("Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.")
-var TestHash2 = "f15ac516f788aec4f30932ffb6395c39"
-
-var TestBlock3 = []byte("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.")
-var TestHash3 = "eed29bbffbc2dbe5e5ee0bb71888e61f"
-
-// BadBlock is used to test collisions and corruption.
-// It must not match any test hashes.
-var BadBlock = []byte("The magic words are squeamish ossifrage.")
-
-// Empty block
-var EmptyHash = "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e"
-var EmptyBlock = []byte("")
-
-// TODO(twp): Tests still to be written
-//
-//   * TestPutBlockFull
-//       - test that PutBlock returns 503 Full if the filesystem is full.
-//         (must mock FreeDiskSpace or Statfs? use a tmpfs?)
-//
-//   * TestPutBlockWriteErr
-//       - test the behavior when Write returns an error.
-//           - Possible solutions: use a small tmpfs and a high
-//             MIN_FREE_KILOBYTES to trick PutBlock into attempting
-//             to write a block larger than the amount of space left
-//           - use an interface to mock ioutil.TempFile with a File
-//             object that always returns an error on write
-//
-// ========================================
-// GetBlock tests.
-// ========================================
-
-// TestGetBlock
-//     Test that simple block reads succeed.
-//
-func TestGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes. Our block is stored on the second volume.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllReadable()
-	if err := vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
-
-	// Check that GetBlock returns success.
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("GetBlock error: %s", err)
-	}
-	if bytes.Compare(buf[:size], TestBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("got %v, expected %v", buf[:size], TestBlock)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGetBlockMissing
-//     GetBlock must return an error when the block is not found.
-//
-func TestGetBlockMissing(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two empty test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	// Check that GetBlock returns failure.
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != NotFoundError {
-		t.Errorf("Expected NotFoundError, got %v, err %v", buf[:size], err)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGetBlockCorrupt
-//     GetBlock must return an error when a corrupted block is requested
-//     (the contents of the file do not checksum to its hash).
-//
-func TestGetBlockCorrupt(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two test Keep volumes and store a corrupt block in one.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllReadable()
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, BadBlock)
-
-	// Check that GetBlock returns failure.
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != DiskHashError {
-		t.Errorf("Expected DiskHashError, got %v (buf: %v)", err, buf[:size])
-	}
-}
-
-// ========================================
-// PutBlock tests
-// ========================================
-
-// TestPutBlockOK
-//     PutBlock can perform a simple block write and returns success.
-//
-func TestPutBlockOK(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	// Check that PutBlock stores the data as expected.
-	if n, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), TestBlock, TestHash); err != nil || n < 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("PutBlock: n %d err %v", n, err)
-	}
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllReadable()
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	n, err := vols[1].Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Volume #0 Get returned error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if string(buf[:n]) != string(TestBlock) {
-		t.Fatalf("PutBlock stored '%s', Get retrieved '%s'",
-			string(TestBlock), string(buf[:n]))
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPutBlockOneVol
-//     PutBlock still returns success even when only one of the known
-//     volumes is online.
-//
-func TestPutBlockOneVol(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two test Keep volumes, but cripple one of them.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).Bad = true
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).BadVolumeError = errors.New("Bad volume")
-
-	// Check that PutBlock stores the data as expected.
-	if n, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), TestBlock, TestHash); err != nil || n < 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("PutBlock: n %d err %v", n, err)
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, buf, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("GetBlock: %v", err)
-	}
-	if bytes.Compare(buf[:size], TestBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("PutBlock stored %+q, GetBlock retrieved %+q",
-			TestBlock, buf[:size])
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPutBlockMD5Fail
-//     Check that PutBlock returns an error if passed a block and hash that
-//     do not match.
-//
-func TestPutBlockMD5Fail(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	// Check that PutBlock returns the expected error when the hash does
-	// not match the block.
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), BadBlock, TestHash); err != RequestHashError {
-		t.Errorf("Expected RequestHashError, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Confirm that GetBlock fails to return anything.
-	if result, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, make([]byte, BlockSize), nil); err != NotFoundError {
-		t.Errorf("GetBlock succeeded after a corrupt block store (result = %s, err = %v)",
-			string(result), err)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPutBlockCorrupt
-//     PutBlock should overwrite corrupt blocks on disk when given
-//     a PUT request with a good block.
-//
-func TestPutBlockCorrupt(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Create two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	// Store a corrupted block under TestHash.
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, BadBlock)
-	if n, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), TestBlock, TestHash); err != nil || n < 1 {
-		t.Errorf("PutBlock: n %d err %v", n, err)
-	}
-
-	// The block on disk should now match TestBlock.
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	if size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), TestHash, buf, nil); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("GetBlock: %v", err)
-	} else if bytes.Compare(buf[:size], TestBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Got %+q, expected %+q", buf[:size], TestBlock)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPutBlockCollision
-//     PutBlock returns a 400 Collision error when attempting to
-//     store a block that collides with another block on disk.
-//
-func TestPutBlockCollision(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// These blocks both hash to the MD5 digest cee9a457e790cf20d4bdaa6d69f01e41.
-	b1 := arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0]
-	b2 := arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[1]
-	locator := arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	// Store one block, then attempt to store the other. Confirm that
-	// PutBlock reported a CollisionError.
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), b1, locator); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
-	if _, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), b2, locator); err == nil {
-		t.Error("PutBlock did not report a collision")
-	} else if err != CollisionError {
-		t.Errorf("PutBlock returned %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestPutBlockTouchFails
-//     When PutBlock is asked to PUT an existing block, but cannot
-//     modify the timestamp, it should write a second block.
-//
-func TestPutBlockTouchFails(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Prepare two test Keep volumes.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
-
-	// Store a block and then make the underlying volume bad,
-	// so a subsequent attempt to update the file timestamp
-	// will fail.
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, BadBlock)
-	oldMtime, err := vols[0].Mtime(TestHash)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("vols[0].Mtime(%s): %s\n", TestHash, err)
-	}
-
-	// vols[0].Touch will fail on the next call, so the volume
-	// manager will store a copy on vols[1] instead.
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).Touchable = false
-	if n, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), TestBlock, TestHash); err != nil || n < 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("PutBlock: n %d err %v", n, err)
-	}
-	vols[0].(*MockVolume).Touchable = true
-
-	// Now the mtime on the block on vols[0] should be unchanged, and
-	// there should be a copy of the block on vols[1].
-	newMtime, err := vols[0].Mtime(TestHash)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("vols[0].Mtime(%s): %s\n", TestHash, err)
-	}
-	if !newMtime.Equal(oldMtime) {
-		t.Errorf("mtime was changed on vols[0]:\noldMtime = %v\nnewMtime = %v\n",
-			oldMtime, newMtime)
-	}
-	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	n, err := vols[1].Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("vols[1]: %v", err)
-	}
-	if bytes.Compare(buf[:n], TestBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("new block does not match test block\nnew block = %v\n", buf[:n])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDiscoverTmpfs(t *testing.T) {
-	var tempVols [4]string
-	var err error
-
-	// Create some directories suitable for using as keep volumes.
-	for i := range tempVols {
-		if tempVols[i], err = ioutil.TempDir("", "findvol"); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		defer os.RemoveAll(tempVols[i])
-		tempVols[i] = tempVols[i] + "/keep"
-		if err = os.Mkdir(tempVols[i], 0755); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Set up a bogus ProcMounts file.
-	f, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "keeptest")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-	for i, vol := range tempVols {
-		// Add readonly mount points at odd indexes.
-		var opts string
-		switch i % 2 {
-		case 0:
-			opts = "rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec"
-		case 1:
-			opts = "nosuid,nodev,noexec,ro"
-		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(f, "tmpfs %s tmpfs %s 0 0\n", path.Dir(vol), opts)
-	}
-	f.Close()
-	ProcMounts = f.Name()
-
-	cfg := &Config{}
-	added := (&unixVolumeAdder{cfg}).Discover()
-
-	if added != len(cfg.Volumes) {
-		t.Errorf("Discover returned %d, but added %d volumes",
-			added, len(cfg.Volumes))
-	}
-	if added != len(tempVols) {
-		t.Errorf("Discover returned %d but we set up %d volumes",
-			added, len(tempVols))
-	}
-	for i, tmpdir := range tempVols {
-		if tmpdir != cfg.Volumes[i].(*UnixVolume).Root {
-			t.Errorf("Discover returned %s, expected %s\n",
-				cfg.Volumes[i].(*UnixVolume).Root, tmpdir)
-		}
-		if expectReadonly := i%2 == 1; expectReadonly != cfg.Volumes[i].(*UnixVolume).ReadOnly {
-			t.Errorf("Discover added %s with readonly=%v, should be %v",
-				tmpdir, !expectReadonly, expectReadonly)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDiscoverNone(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Set up a bogus ProcMounts file with no Keep vols.
-	f, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "keeptest")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-	fmt.Fprintln(f, "rootfs / rootfs opts 0 0")
-	fmt.Fprintln(f, "sysfs /sys sysfs opts 0 0")
-	fmt.Fprintln(f, "proc /proc proc opts 0 0")
-	fmt.Fprintln(f, "udev /dev devtmpfs opts 0 0")
-	fmt.Fprintln(f, "devpts /dev/pts devpts opts 0 0")
-	f.Close()
-	ProcMounts = f.Name()
-
-	cfg := &Config{}
-	added := (&unixVolumeAdder{cfg}).Discover()
-	if added != 0 || len(cfg.Volumes) != 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("got %d, %v; expected 0, []", added, cfg.Volumes)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestIndex
-//     Test an /index request.
-func TestIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	defer teardown()
-
-	// Set up Keep volumes and populate them.
-	// Include multiple blocks on different volumes, and
-	// some metadata files.
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
-
-	vols := KeepVM.AllReadable()
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
-	vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash2, TestBlock2)
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash3, TestBlock3)
-	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
-	vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
-
-	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-	vols[0].IndexTo("", buf)
-	vols[1].IndexTo("", buf)
-	indexRows := strings.Split(string(buf.Bytes()), "\n")
-	sort.Strings(indexRows)
-	sortedIndex := strings.Join(indexRows, "\n")
-	expected := `^\n` + TestHash + `\+\d+ \d+\n` +
-		TestHash3 + `\+\d+ \d+\n` +
-		TestHash2 + `\+\d+ \d+$`
-
-	match, err := regexp.MatchString(expected, sortedIndex)
-	if err == nil {
-		if !match {
-			t.Errorf("IndexLocators returned:\n%s", string(buf.Bytes()))
-		}
-	} else {
-		t.Errorf("regexp.MatchString: %s", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// ========================================
-// Helper functions for unit tests.
-// ========================================
-
-// MakeTestVolumeManager returns a RRVolumeManager with the specified
-// number of MockVolumes.
-func MakeTestVolumeManager(numVolumes int) VolumeManager {
-	vols := make([]Volume, numVolumes)
-	for i := range vols {
-		vols[i] = CreateMockVolume()
-	}
-	return MakeRRVolumeManager(vols)
-}
-
-// teardown cleans up after each test.
-func teardown() {
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = ""
-	theConfig.RequireSignatures = false
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = nil
-	KeepVM = nil
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/metrics.go b/services/keepstore/metrics.go
index 235c41891..b2f0aa663 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/metrics.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/metrics.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 )
 
@@ -66,27 +65,6 @@ func (m *nodeMetrics) setupWorkQueueMetrics(q *WorkQueue, qName string) {
 	))
 }
 
-func (m *nodeMetrics) setupRequestMetrics(rc httpserver.RequestCounter) {
-	m.reg.MustRegister(prometheus.NewGaugeFunc(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Namespace: "arvados",
-			Subsystem: "keepstore",
-			Name:      "concurrent_requests",
-			Help:      "Number of requests in progress",
-		},
-		func() float64 { return float64(rc.Current()) },
-	))
-	m.reg.MustRegister(prometheus.NewGaugeFunc(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Namespace: "arvados",
-			Subsystem: "keepstore",
-			Name:      "max_concurrent_requests",
-			Help:      "Maximum number of concurrent requests",
-		},
-		func() float64 { return float64(rc.Max()) },
-	))
-}
-
 type volumeMetricsVecs struct {
 	ioBytes     *prometheus.CounterVec
 	errCounters *prometheus.CounterVec
diff --git a/services/keepstore/mounts_test.go b/services/keepstore/mounts_test.go
index 7c932ee02..9b5606b5c 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/mounts_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/mounts_test.go
@@ -12,59 +12,39 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/httpserver"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
-var _ = check.Suite(&MountsSuite{})
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestMounts(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 
-type MountsSuite struct {
-	vm  VolumeManager
-	rtr http.Handler
-}
-
-func (s *MountsSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
-	s.vm = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	KeepVM = s.vm
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = arvadostest.DataManagerToken
-	theConfig.ManagementToken = arvadostest.ManagementToken
-	r := prometheus.NewRegistry()
-	theConfig.Start(r)
-	s.rtr = MakeRESTRouter(testCluster, r)
-}
-
-func (s *MountsSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
-	s.vm.Close()
-	KeepVM = nil
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	theConfig.Start(prometheus.NewRegistry())
-}
-
-func (s *MountsSuite) TestMounts(c *check.C) {
-	vols := s.vm.AllWritable()
+	vols := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	vols[0].Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	vols[1].Put(context.Background(), TestHash2, TestBlock2)
 
 	resp := s.call("GET", "/mounts", "", nil)
 	c.Check(resp.Code, check.Equals, http.StatusOK)
 	var mntList []struct {
-		UUID           string   `json:"uuid"`
-		DeviceID       string   `json:"device_id"`
-		ReadOnly       bool     `json:"read_only"`
-		Replication    int      `json:"replication"`
-		StorageClasses []string `json:"storage_classes"`
+		UUID           string          `json:"uuid"`
+		DeviceID       string          `json:"device_id"`
+		ReadOnly       bool            `json:"read_only"`
+		Replication    int             `json:"replication"`
+		StorageClasses map[string]bool `json:"storage_classes"`
 	}
+	c.Log(resp.Body.String())
 	err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &mntList)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(len(mntList), check.Equals, 2)
 	for _, m := range mntList {
 		c.Check(len(m.UUID), check.Equals, 27)
-		c.Check(m.UUID[:12], check.Equals, "zzzzz-ivpuk-")
+		c.Check(m.UUID[:12], check.Equals, "zzzzz-nyw5e-")
 		c.Check(m.DeviceID, check.Equals, "mock-device-id")
 		c.Check(m.ReadOnly, check.Equals, false)
 		c.Check(m.Replication, check.Equals, 1)
-		c.Check(m.StorageClasses, check.DeepEquals, []string{"default"})
+		c.Check(m.StorageClasses, check.DeepEquals, map[string]bool{"default": true})
 	}
 	c.Check(mntList[0].UUID, check.Not(check.Equals), mntList[1].UUID)
 
@@ -103,7 +83,12 @@ func (s *MountsSuite) TestMounts(c *check.C) {
 	c.Check(resp.Body.String(), check.Equals, "\n")
 }
 
-func (s *MountsSuite) TestMetrics(c *check.C) {
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestMetrics(c *check.C) {
+	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", reg, testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
+	instrumented := httpserver.Instrument(reg, ctxlog.TestLogger(c), s.handler.Handler)
+	s.handler.Handler = instrumented.ServeAPI(s.cluster.ManagementToken, instrumented)
+
 	s.call("PUT", "/"+TestHash, "", TestBlock)
 	s.call("PUT", "/"+TestHash2, "", TestBlock2)
 	resp := s.call("GET", "/metrics.json", "", nil)
@@ -145,8 +130,6 @@ func (s *MountsSuite) TestMetrics(c *check.C) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	c.Check(found["request_duration_seconds"], check.Equals, true)
-	c.Check(found["time_to_status_seconds"], check.Equals, true)
 
 	metricsNames := []string{
 		"arvados_keepstore_bufferpool_inuse_buffers",
@@ -154,25 +137,22 @@ func (s *MountsSuite) TestMetrics(c *check.C) {
 		"arvados_keepstore_bufferpool_allocated_bytes",
 		"arvados_keepstore_pull_queue_inprogress_entries",
 		"arvados_keepstore_pull_queue_pending_entries",
-		"arvados_keepstore_concurrent_requests",
-		"arvados_keepstore_max_concurrent_requests",
 		"arvados_keepstore_trash_queue_inprogress_entries",
 		"arvados_keepstore_trash_queue_pending_entries",
 		"request_duration_seconds",
-		"time_to_status_seconds",
 	}
 	for _, m := range metricsNames {
 		_, ok := names[m]
-		c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true)
+		c.Check(ok, check.Equals, true, check.Commentf("checking metric %q", m))
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *MountsSuite) call(method, path, tok string, body []byte) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+func (s *HandlerSuite) call(method, path, tok string, body []byte) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
 	resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	req, _ := http.NewRequest(method, path, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if tok != "" {
 		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+tok)
 	}
-	s.rtr.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+	s.handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 	return resp
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/perms.go b/services/keepstore/perms.go
index 49a231685..e2155f94f 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/perms.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/perms.go
@@ -5,14 +5,16 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
 )
 
 // SignLocator takes a blobLocator, an apiToken and an expiry time, and
 // returns a signed locator string.
-func SignLocator(blobLocator, apiToken string, expiry time.Time) string {
-	return keepclient.SignLocator(blobLocator, apiToken, expiry, theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration(), theConfig.blobSigningKey)
+func SignLocator(cluster *arvados.Cluster, blobLocator, apiToken string, expiry time.Time) string {
+	return keepclient.SignLocator(blobLocator, apiToken, expiry, cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration(), []byte(cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey))
 }
 
 // VerifySignature returns nil if the signature on the signedLocator
@@ -20,8 +22,8 @@ func SignLocator(blobLocator, apiToken string, expiry time.Time) string {
 // either ExpiredError (if the timestamp has expired, which is
 // something the client could have figured out independently) or
 // PermissionError.
-func VerifySignature(signedLocator, apiToken string) error {
-	err := keepclient.VerifySignature(signedLocator, apiToken, theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration(), theConfig.blobSigningKey)
+func VerifySignature(cluster *arvados.Cluster, signedLocator, apiToken string) error {
+	err := keepclient.VerifySignature(signedLocator, apiToken, cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration(), []byte(cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey))
 	if err == keepclient.ErrSignatureExpired {
 		return ExpiredError
 	} else if err != nil {
diff --git a/services/keepstore/perms_test.go b/services/keepstore/perms_test.go
index dd57faf27..6ec4887ce 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/perms_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/perms_test.go
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"strconv"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -30,44 +30,34 @@ const (
 	knownSignedLocator = knownLocator + knownSigHint
 )
 
-func TestSignLocator(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(b []byte) {
-		theConfig.blobSigningKey = b
-	}(theConfig.blobSigningKey)
-
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestSignLocator(c *check.C) {
 	tsInt, err := strconv.ParseInt(knownTimestamp, 16, 0)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
+		c.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	t0 := time.Unix(tsInt, 0)
 
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL = knownSignatureTTL
-
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte(knownKey)
-	if x := SignLocator(knownLocator, knownToken, t0); x != knownSignedLocator {
-		t.Fatalf("Got %+q, expected %+q", x, knownSignedLocator)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL = knownSignatureTTL
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = knownKey
+	if x := SignLocator(s.cluster, knownLocator, knownToken, t0); x != knownSignedLocator {
+		c.Fatalf("Got %+q, expected %+q", x, knownSignedLocator)
 	}
 
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte("arbitrarykey")
-	if x := SignLocator(knownLocator, knownToken, t0); x == knownSignedLocator {
-		t.Fatalf("Got same signature %+q, even though blobSigningKey changed", x)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = "arbitrarykey"
+	if x := SignLocator(s.cluster, knownLocator, knownToken, t0); x == knownSignedLocator {
+		c.Fatalf("Got same signature %+q, even though blobSigningKey changed", x)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestVerifyLocator(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func(b []byte) {
-		theConfig.blobSigningKey = b
-	}(theConfig.blobSigningKey)
-
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL = knownSignatureTTL
-
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte(knownKey)
-	if err := VerifySignature(knownSignedLocator, knownToken); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestVerifyLocator(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL = knownSignatureTTL
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = knownKey
+	if err := VerifySignature(s.cluster, knownSignedLocator, knownToken); err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte("arbitrarykey")
-	if err := VerifySignature(knownSignedLocator, knownToken); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("Verified signature even with wrong blobSigningKey")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = "arbitrarykey"
+	if err := VerifySignature(s.cluster, knownSignedLocator, knownToken); err == nil {
+		c.Fatal("Verified signature even with wrong blobSigningKey")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/proxy_remote.go b/services/keepstore/proxy_remote.go
index 1f82f3f4f..fac9c542f 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/proxy_remote.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/proxy_remote.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type remoteProxy struct {
 	mtx     sync.Mutex
 }
 
-func (rp *remoteProxy) Get(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cluster *arvados.Cluster) {
+func (rp *remoteProxy) Get(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volmgr *RRVolumeManager) {
 	// Intervening proxies must not return a cached GET response
 	// to a prior request if a X-Keep-Signature request header has
 	// been added or changed.
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ func (rp *remoteProxy) Get(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.R
 			Buffer:         buf[:0],
 			ResponseWriter: w,
 			Context:        ctx,
+			Cluster:        cluster,
+			VolumeManager:  volmgr,
 		}
 		defer rrc.Close()
 		w = rrc
@@ -145,10 +147,12 @@ var localOrRemoteSignature = regexp.MustCompile(`\+[AR][^\+]*`)
 // local volume, adds a response header with a locally-signed locator,
 // and finally writes the data through.
 type remoteResponseCacher struct {
-	Locator string
-	Token   string
-	Buffer  []byte
-	Context context.Context
+	Locator       string
+	Token         string
+	Buffer        []byte
+	Context       context.Context
+	Cluster       *arvados.Cluster
+	VolumeManager *RRVolumeManager
 	http.ResponseWriter
 	statusCode int
 }
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ func (rrc *remoteResponseCacher) Close() error {
 		rrc.ResponseWriter.Write(rrc.Buffer)
 		return nil
 	}
-	_, err := PutBlock(rrc.Context, rrc.Buffer, rrc.Locator[:32])
+	_, err := PutBlock(rrc.Context, rrc.VolumeManager, rrc.Buffer, rrc.Locator[:32])
 	if rrc.Context.Err() != nil {
 		// If caller hung up, log that instead of subsequent/misleading errors.
 		http.Error(rrc.ResponseWriter, rrc.Context.Err().Error(), http.StatusGatewayTimeout)
@@ -193,7 +197,8 @@ func (rrc *remoteResponseCacher) Close() error {
 	}
 
 	unsigned := localOrRemoteSignature.ReplaceAllLiteralString(rrc.Locator, "")
-	signed := SignLocator(unsigned, rrc.Token, time.Now().Add(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	expiry := time.Now().Add(rrc.Cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration())
+	signed := SignLocator(rrc.Cluster, unsigned, rrc.Token, expiry)
 	if signed == unsigned {
 		err = errors.New("could not sign locator")
 		http.Error(rrc.ResponseWriter, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
diff --git a/services/keepstore/proxy_remote_test.go b/services/keepstore/proxy_remote_test.go
index 6c22d1d32..6483d6cf0 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/proxy_remote_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/proxy_remote_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -28,8 +29,7 @@ var _ = check.Suite(&ProxyRemoteSuite{})
 
 type ProxyRemoteSuite struct {
 	cluster *arvados.Cluster
-	vm      VolumeManager
-	rtr     http.Handler
+	handler *handler
 
 	remoteClusterID      string
 	remoteBlobSigningKey []byte
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ func (s *ProxyRemoteSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 	s.remoteKeepproxy = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(s.remoteKeepproxyHandler))
 	s.remoteAPI = httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(s.remoteAPIHandler))
 	s.remoteAPI.StartTLS()
-	s.cluster = arvados.IntegrationTestCluster()
+	s.cluster = testCluster(c)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningKey = knownKey
+	s.cluster.SystemRootToken = arvadostest.DataManagerToken
 	s.cluster.RemoteClusters = map[string]arvados.RemoteCluster{
 		s.remoteClusterID: arvados.RemoteCluster{
 			Host:     strings.Split(s.remoteAPI.URL, "//")[1],
@@ -96,21 +98,12 @@ func (s *ProxyRemoteSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
 			Insecure: true,
 		},
 	}
-	s.vm = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	KeepVM = s.vm
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = arvadostest.DataManagerToken
-	theConfig.blobSigningKey = []byte(knownKey)
-	r := prometheus.NewRegistry()
-	theConfig.Start(r)
-	s.rtr = MakeRESTRouter(s.cluster, r)
+	s.cluster.Volumes = map[string]arvados.Volume{"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000": {Driver: "mock"}}
+	s.handler = &handler{}
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 }
 
 func (s *ProxyRemoteSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
-	s.vm.Close()
-	KeepVM = nil
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	theConfig.Start(prometheus.NewRegistry())
 	s.remoteAPI.Close()
 	s.remoteKeepproxy.Close()
 }
@@ -191,7 +184,7 @@ func (s *ProxyRemoteSuite) TestProxyRemote(c *check.C) {
 			req.Header.Set("X-Keep-Signature", trial.xKeepSignature)
 		}
 		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		s.rtr.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+		s.handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 		c.Check(s.remoteKeepRequests, check.Equals, trial.expectRemoteReqs)
 		c.Check(resp.Code, check.Equals, trial.expectCode)
 		if resp.Code == http.StatusOK {
@@ -210,13 +203,13 @@ func (s *ProxyRemoteSuite) TestProxyRemote(c *check.C) {
 
 		c.Check(locHdr, check.Not(check.Equals), "")
 		c.Check(locHdr, check.Not(check.Matches), `.*\+R.*`)
-		c.Check(VerifySignature(locHdr, trial.token), check.IsNil)
+		c.Check(VerifySignature(s.cluster, locHdr, trial.token), check.IsNil)
 
 		// Ensure block can be requested using new signature
 		req = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/"+locHdr, nil)
 		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+trial.token)
 		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		s.rtr.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+		s.handler.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 		c.Check(resp.Code, check.Equals, http.StatusOK)
 		c.Check(s.remoteKeepRequests, check.Equals, trial.expectRemoteReqs)
 	}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/pull_worker.go b/services/keepstore/pull_worker.go
index 42b5d5889..100d08838 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/pull_worker.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/pull_worker.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
@@ -18,15 +17,15 @@ import (
 // RunPullWorker receives PullRequests from pullq, invokes
 // PullItemAndProcess on each one. After each PR, it logs a message
 // indicating whether the pull was successful.
-func RunPullWorker(pullq *WorkQueue, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient) {
+func (h *handler) runPullWorker(pullq *WorkQueue) {
 	for item := range pullq.NextItem {
 		pr := item.(PullRequest)
-		err := PullItemAndProcess(pr, keepClient)
+		err := h.pullItemAndProcess(pr)
 		pullq.DoneItem <- struct{}{}
 		if err == nil {
-			log.Printf("Pull %s success", pr)
+			h.Logger.Printf("Pull %s success", pr)
 		} else {
-			log.Printf("Pull %s error: %s", pr, err)
+			h.Logger.Printf("Pull %s error: %s", pr, err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -39,28 +38,28 @@ func RunPullWorker(pullq *WorkQueue, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient) {
 // only attempt to write the data to the corresponding
 // volume. Otherwise it writes to any local volume, as a PUT request
 // would.
-func PullItemAndProcess(pullRequest PullRequest, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient) error {
-	var vol Volume
+func (h *handler) pullItemAndProcess(pullRequest PullRequest) error {
+	var vol *VolumeMount
 	if uuid := pullRequest.MountUUID; uuid != "" {
-		vol = KeepVM.Lookup(pullRequest.MountUUID, true)
+		vol = h.volmgr.Lookup(pullRequest.MountUUID, true)
 		if vol == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("pull req has nonexistent mount: %v", pullRequest)
 		}
 	}
 
-	keepClient.Arvados.ApiToken = randomToken
-
+	// Make a private copy of keepClient so we can set
+	// ServiceRoots to the source servers specified in the pull
+	// request.
+	keepClient := *h.keepClient
 	serviceRoots := make(map[string]string)
 	for _, addr := range pullRequest.Servers {
 		serviceRoots[addr] = addr
 	}
 	keepClient.SetServiceRoots(serviceRoots, nil, nil)
 
-	// Generate signature with a random token
-	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(60 * time.Second)
-	signedLocator := SignLocator(pullRequest.Locator, randomToken, expiresAt)
+	signedLocator := SignLocator(h.Cluster, pullRequest.Locator, keepClient.Arvados.ApiToken, time.Now().Add(time.Minute))
 
-	reader, contentLen, _, err := GetContent(signedLocator, keepClient)
+	reader, contentLen, _, err := GetContent(signedLocator, &keepClient)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ func PullItemAndProcess(pullRequest PullRequest, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClie
 		return fmt.Errorf("Content not found for: %s", signedLocator)
 	}
 
-	writePulledBlock(vol, readContent, pullRequest.Locator)
-	return nil
+	return writePulledBlock(h.volmgr, vol, readContent, pullRequest.Locator)
 }
 
 // Fetch the content for the given locator using keepclient.
@@ -87,24 +85,11 @@ var GetContent = func(signedLocator string, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient) (
 	return keepClient.Get(signedLocator)
 }
 
-var writePulledBlock = func(volume Volume, data []byte, locator string) {
-	var err error
+var writePulledBlock = func(volmgr *RRVolumeManager, volume Volume, data []byte, locator string) error {
 	if volume != nil {
-		err = volume.Put(context.Background(), locator, data)
+		return volume.Put(context.Background(), locator, data)
 	} else {
-		_, err = PutBlock(context.Background(), data, locator)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("error writing pulled block %q: %s", locator, err)
+		_, err := PutBlock(context.Background(), volmgr, data, locator)
+		return err
 	}
 }
-
-var randomToken = func() string {
-	const alphaNumeric = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-	var bytes = make([]byte, 36)
-	rand.Read(bytes)
-	for i, b := range bytes {
-		bytes[i] = alphaNumeric[b%byte(len(alphaNumeric))]
-	}
-	return (string(bytes))
-}()
diff --git a/services/keepstore/pull_worker_integration_test.go b/services/keepstore/pull_worker_integration_test.go
index 231a4c0ab..a35b744c5 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/pull_worker_integration_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/pull_worker_integration_test.go
@@ -6,20 +6,18 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
-	"testing"
 
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
-var keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient
-
 type PullWorkIntegrationTestData struct {
 	Name     string
 	Locator  string
@@ -27,55 +25,31 @@ type PullWorkIntegrationTestData struct {
 	GetError string
 }
 
-func SetupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(t *testing.T, testData PullWorkIntegrationTestData, wantData bool) PullRequest {
-	os.Setenv("ARVADOS_API_HOST_INSECURE", "true")
-
-	// start api and keep servers
-	arvadostest.StartAPI()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) setupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(c *check.C, testData PullWorkIntegrationTestData, wantData bool) PullRequest {
 	arvadostest.StartKeep(2, false)
-
-	// make arvadosclient
-	arv, err := arvadosclient.MakeArvadosClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating arv: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// keep client
-	keepClient, err = keepclient.MakeKeepClient(arv)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error creating KeepClient: %s", err)
-	}
-	keepClient.Want_replicas = 1
-	keepClient.RefreshServiceDiscovery()
-
-	// discover keep services
-	var servers []string
-	for _, host := range keepClient.LocalRoots() {
-		servers = append(servers, host)
-	}
-
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 	// Put content if the test needs it
 	if wantData {
-		locator, _, err := keepClient.PutB([]byte(testData.Content))
+		locator, _, err := s.handler.keepClient.PutB([]byte(testData.Content))
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Error putting test data in setup for %s %s %v", testData.Content, locator, err)
+			c.Errorf("Error putting test data in setup for %s %s %v", testData.Content, locator, err)
 		}
 		if locator == "" {
-			t.Errorf("No locator found after putting test data")
+			c.Errorf("No locator found after putting test data")
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Create pullRequest for the test
 	pullRequest := PullRequest{
 		Locator: testData.Locator,
-		Servers: servers,
 	}
 	return pullRequest
 }
 
 // Do a get on a block that is not existing in any of the keep servers.
 // Expect "block not found" error.
-func TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 	testData := PullWorkIntegrationTestData{
 		Name:     "TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetLocator",
 		Locator:  "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592",
@@ -83,16 +57,17 @@ func TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
 		GetError: "Block not found",
 	}
 
-	pullRequest := SetupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(t, testData, false)
+	pullRequest := s.setupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(c, testData, false)
 	defer arvadostest.StopAPI()
 	defer arvadostest.StopKeep(2)
 
-	performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData, pullRequest, t)
+	s.performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData, pullRequest, c)
 }
 
 // Do a get on a block that exists on one of the keep servers.
 // The setup method will create this block before doing the get.
-func TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetExistingLocator(c *check.C) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
 	testData := PullWorkIntegrationTestData{
 		Name:     "TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetLocator",
 		Locator:  "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592",
@@ -100,24 +75,23 @@ func TestPullWorkerIntegration_GetExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
 		GetError: "",
 	}
 
-	pullRequest := SetupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(t, testData, true)
+	pullRequest := s.setupPullWorkerIntegrationTest(c, testData, true)
 	defer arvadostest.StopAPI()
 	defer arvadostest.StopKeep(2)
 
-	performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData, pullRequest, t)
+	s.performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData, pullRequest, c)
 }
 
 // Perform the test.
 // The test directly invokes the "PullItemAndProcess" rather than
 // putting an item on the pullq so that the errors can be verified.
-func performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData PullWorkIntegrationTestData, pullRequest PullRequest, t *testing.T) {
+func (s *HandlerSuite) performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData PullWorkIntegrationTestData, pullRequest PullRequest, c *check.C) {
 
 	// Override writePulledBlock to mock PutBlock functionality
-	defer func(orig func(Volume, []byte, string)) { writePulledBlock = orig }(writePulledBlock)
-	writePulledBlock = func(v Volume, content []byte, locator string) {
-		if string(content) != testData.Content {
-			t.Errorf("writePulledBlock invoked with unexpected data. Expected: %s; Found: %s", testData.Content, content)
-		}
+	defer func(orig func(*RRVolumeManager, Volume, []byte, string) error) { writePulledBlock = orig }(writePulledBlock)
+	writePulledBlock = func(_ *RRVolumeManager, _ Volume, content []byte, _ string) error {
+		c.Check(string(content), check.Equals, testData.Content)
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	// Override GetContent to mock keepclient Get functionality
@@ -132,15 +106,15 @@ func performPullWorkerIntegrationTest(testData PullWorkIntegrationTestData, pull
 		return rdr, int64(len(testData.Content)), "", nil
 	}
 
-	err := PullItemAndProcess(pullRequest, keepClient)
+	err := s.handler.pullItemAndProcess(pullRequest)
 
 	if len(testData.GetError) > 0 {
 		if (err == nil) || (!strings.Contains(err.Error(), testData.GetError)) {
-			t.Errorf("Got error %v, expected %v", err, testData.GetError)
+			c.Errorf("Got error %v, expected %v", err, testData.GetError)
 		}
 	} else {
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Got error %v, expected nil", err)
+			c.Errorf("Got error %v, expected nil", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/pull_worker_test.go b/services/keepstore/pull_worker_test.go
index 8e667e048..6a7a0b7a8 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/pull_worker_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/pull_worker_test.go
@@ -6,21 +6,26 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
-	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadosclient"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/keepclient"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	. "gopkg.in/check.v1"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 var _ = Suite(&PullWorkerTestSuite{})
 
 type PullWorkerTestSuite struct {
+	cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	handler *handler
+
 	testPullLists map[string]string
 	readContent   string
 	readError     error
@@ -29,7 +34,16 @@ type PullWorkerTestSuite struct {
 }
 
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) SetUpTest(c *C) {
-	theConfig.systemAuthToken = "arbitrary data manager token"
+	s.cluster = testCluster(c)
+	s.cluster.Volumes = map[string]arvados.Volume{
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000": {Driver: "mock"},
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111": {Driver: "mock"},
+	}
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobReplicateConcurrency = 1
+
+	s.handler = &handler{}
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
+
 	s.readContent = ""
 	s.readError = nil
 	s.putContent = []byte{}
@@ -39,27 +53,6 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) SetUpTest(c *C) {
 	// This behavior is verified using these two maps in the
 	// "TestPullWorkerPullList_with_two_items_latest_replacing_old"
 	s.testPullLists = make(map[string]string)
-
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-
-	// Normally the pull queue and workers are started by main()
-	// -- tests need to set up their own.
-	arv, err := arvadosclient.MakeArvadosClient()
-	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
-	keepClient, err := keepclient.MakeKeepClient(arv)
-	c.Assert(err, IsNil)
-	pullq = NewWorkQueue()
-	go RunPullWorker(pullq, keepClient)
-}
-
-func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TearDownTest(c *C) {
-	KeepVM.Close()
-	KeepVM = nil
-	pullq.Close()
-	pullq = nil
-	teardown()
-	theConfig = DefaultConfig()
-	theConfig.Start(prometheus.NewRegistry())
 }
 
 var firstPullList = []byte(`[
@@ -100,9 +93,10 @@ type PullWorkerTestData struct {
 // Ensure MountUUID in a pull list is correctly translated to a Volume
 // argument passed to writePulledBlock().
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestSpecifyMountUUID(c *C) {
-	defer func(f func(Volume, []byte, string)) {
+	defer func(f func(*RRVolumeManager, Volume, []byte, string) error) {
 		writePulledBlock = f
 	}(writePulledBlock)
+	pullq := s.handler.Handler.(*router).pullq
 
 	for _, spec := range []struct {
 		sendUUID     string
@@ -113,17 +107,18 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestSpecifyMountUUID(c *C) {
 			expectVolume: nil,
 		},
 		{
-			sendUUID:     KeepVM.Mounts()[0].UUID,
-			expectVolume: KeepVM.Mounts()[0].volume,
+			sendUUID:     s.handler.volmgr.Mounts()[0].UUID,
+			expectVolume: s.handler.volmgr.Mounts()[0].Volume,
 		},
 	} {
-		writePulledBlock = func(v Volume, _ []byte, _ string) {
+		writePulledBlock = func(_ *RRVolumeManager, v Volume, _ []byte, _ string) error {
 			c.Check(v, Equals, spec.expectVolume)
+			return nil
 		}
 
-		resp := IssueRequest(&RequestTester{
+		resp := IssueRequest(s.handler, &RequestTester{
 			uri:      "/pull",
-			apiToken: theConfig.systemAuthToken,
+			apiToken: s.cluster.SystemRootToken,
 			method:   "PUT",
 			requestBody: []byte(`[{
 				"locator":"acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8+3",
@@ -141,7 +136,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestSpecifyMountUUID(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorkerPullList_with_two_locators(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorkerPullList_with_two_locators",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 2 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "hello",
@@ -155,7 +150,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorkerPullList_with_two_locators(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorkerPullList_with_one_locator(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorkerPullList_with_one_locator",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 1 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "hola",
@@ -169,7 +164,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorkerPullList_with_one_locator(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_get_one_locator(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorker_error_on_get_one_locator",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 1 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "unused",
@@ -183,7 +178,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_get_one_locator(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_get_two_locators(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorker_error_on_get_two_locators",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 2 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "unused",
@@ -197,7 +192,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_get_two_locators(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_put_one_locator(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorker_error_on_put_one_locator",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", secondPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 1 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "hello hello",
@@ -211,7 +206,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_put_one_locator(c *C) {
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_error_on_put_two_locators(c *C) {
 	testData := PullWorkerTestData{
 		name:         "TestPullWorker_error_on_put_two_locators",
-		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", theConfig.systemAuthToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
+		req:          RequestTester{"/pull", s.cluster.SystemRootToken, "PUT", firstPullList},
 		responseCode: http.StatusOK,
 		responseBody: "Received 2 pull requests\n",
 		readContent:  "hello again",
@@ -238,6 +233,8 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) TestPullWorker_invalidToken(c *C) {
 }
 
 func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) performTest(testData PullWorkerTestData, c *C) {
+	pullq := s.handler.Handler.(*router).pullq
+
 	s.testPullLists[testData.name] = testData.responseBody
 
 	processedPullLists := make(map[string]string)
@@ -247,7 +244,7 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) performTest(testData PullWorkerTestData, c *C) {
 		GetContent = orig
 	}(GetContent)
 	GetContent = func(signedLocator string, keepClient *keepclient.KeepClient) (reader io.ReadCloser, contentLength int64, url string, err error) {
-		c.Assert(getStatusItem("PullQueue", "InProgress"), Equals, float64(1))
+		c.Assert(getStatusItem(s.handler, "PullQueue", "InProgress"), Equals, float64(1))
 		processedPullLists[testData.name] = testData.responseBody
 		if testData.readError {
 			err = errors.New("Error getting data")
@@ -261,20 +258,21 @@ func (s *PullWorkerTestSuite) performTest(testData PullWorkerTestData, c *C) {
 	}
 
 	// Override writePulledBlock to mock PutBlock functionality
-	defer func(orig func(Volume, []byte, string)) { writePulledBlock = orig }(writePulledBlock)
-	writePulledBlock = func(v Volume, content []byte, locator string) {
+	defer func(orig func(*RRVolumeManager, Volume, []byte, string) error) { writePulledBlock = orig }(writePulledBlock)
+	writePulledBlock = func(_ *RRVolumeManager, v Volume, content []byte, locator string) error {
 		if testData.putError {
 			s.putError = errors.New("Error putting data")
-			return
+			return s.putError
 		}
 		s.putContent = content
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	c.Check(getStatusItem("PullQueue", "InProgress"), Equals, float64(0))
-	c.Check(getStatusItem("PullQueue", "Queued"), Equals, float64(0))
-	c.Check(getStatusItem("Version"), Not(Equals), "")
+	c.Check(getStatusItem(s.handler, "PullQueue", "InProgress"), Equals, float64(0))
+	c.Check(getStatusItem(s.handler, "PullQueue", "Queued"), Equals, float64(0))
+	c.Check(getStatusItem(s.handler, "Version"), Not(Equals), "")
 
-	response := IssueRequest(&testData.req)
+	response := IssueRequest(s.handler, &testData.req)
 	c.Assert(response.Code, Equals, testData.responseCode)
 	c.Assert(response.Body.String(), Equals, testData.responseBody)
 
diff --git a/services/keepstore/s3_volume.go b/services/keepstore/s3_volume.go
index 4c39dcd5c..22a38e208 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/s3_volume.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/s3_volume.go
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"flag"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
@@ -26,188 +28,41 @@ import (
 	"github.com/AdRoll/goamz/aws"
 	"github.com/AdRoll/goamz/s3"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-const (
-	s3DefaultReadTimeout    = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Minute)
-	s3DefaultConnectTimeout = arvados.Duration(time.Minute)
-)
-
-var (
-	// ErrS3TrashDisabled is returned by Trash if that operation
-	// is impossible with the current config.
-	ErrS3TrashDisabled = fmt.Errorf("trash function is disabled because -trash-lifetime=0 and -s3-unsafe-delete=false")
-
-	s3AccessKeyFile string
-	s3SecretKeyFile string
-	s3RegionName    string
-	s3Endpoint      string
-	s3Replication   int
-	s3UnsafeDelete  bool
-	s3RaceWindow    time.Duration
-
-	s3ACL = s3.Private
-
-	zeroTime time.Time
-)
-
-const (
-	maxClockSkew  = 600 * time.Second
-	nearlyRFC1123 = "Mon, 2 Jan 2006 15:04:05 GMT"
-)
-
-type s3VolumeAdder struct {
-	*Config
-}
-
-// String implements flag.Value
-func (s *s3VolumeAdder) String() string {
-	return "-"
-}
-
-func (s *s3VolumeAdder) Set(bucketName string) error {
-	if bucketName == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no container name given")
-	}
-	if s3AccessKeyFile == "" || s3SecretKeyFile == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("-s3-access-key-file and -s3-secret-key-file arguments must given before -s3-bucket-volume")
-	}
-	if deprecated.flagSerializeIO {
-		log.Print("Notice: -serialize is not supported by s3-bucket volumes.")
-	}
-	s.Config.Volumes = append(s.Config.Volumes, &S3Volume{
-		Bucket:        bucketName,
-		AccessKeyFile: s3AccessKeyFile,
-		SecretKeyFile: s3SecretKeyFile,
-		Endpoint:      s3Endpoint,
-		Region:        s3RegionName,
-		RaceWindow:    arvados.Duration(s3RaceWindow),
-		S3Replication: s3Replication,
-		UnsafeDelete:  s3UnsafeDelete,
-		ReadOnly:      deprecated.flagReadonly,
-		IndexPageSize: 1000,
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-func s3regions() (okList []string) {
-	for r := range aws.Regions {
-		okList = append(okList, r)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 func init() {
-	VolumeTypes = append(VolumeTypes, func() VolumeWithExamples { return &S3Volume{} })
-
-	flag.Var(&s3VolumeAdder{theConfig},
-		"s3-bucket-volume",
-		"Use the given bucket as a storage volume. Can be given multiple times.")
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&s3RegionName,
-		"s3-region",
-		"",
-		fmt.Sprintf("AWS region used for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments. Allowed values are %+q.", s3regions()))
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&s3Endpoint,
-		"s3-endpoint",
-		"",
-		"Endpoint URL used for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments. If blank, use the AWS endpoint corresponding to the -s3-region argument. For Google Storage, use \"https://storage.googleapis.com\".")
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&s3AccessKeyFile,
-		"s3-access-key-file",
-		"",
-		"`File` containing the access key used for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments.")
-	flag.StringVar(
-		&s3SecretKeyFile,
-		"s3-secret-key-file",
-		"",
-		"`File` containing the secret key used for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments.")
-	flag.DurationVar(
-		&s3RaceWindow,
-		"s3-race-window",
-		24*time.Hour,
-		"Maximum eventual consistency latency for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments.")
-	flag.IntVar(
-		&s3Replication,
-		"s3-replication",
-		2,
-		"Replication level reported to clients for subsequent -s3-bucket-volume arguments.")
-	flag.BoolVar(
-		&s3UnsafeDelete,
-		"s3-unsafe-delete",
-		false,
-		"EXPERIMENTAL. Enable deletion (garbage collection) even when trash lifetime is zero, even though there are known race conditions that can cause data loss.")
+	driver["S3"] = newS3Volume
 }
 
-// S3Volume implements Volume using an S3 bucket.
-type S3Volume struct {
-	AccessKeyFile      string
-	SecretKeyFile      string
-	Endpoint           string
-	Region             string
-	Bucket             string
-	LocationConstraint bool
-	IndexPageSize      int
-	S3Replication      int
-	ConnectTimeout     arvados.Duration
-	ReadTimeout        arvados.Duration
-	RaceWindow         arvados.Duration
-	ReadOnly           bool
-	UnsafeDelete       bool
-	StorageClasses     []string
-
-	bucket *s3bucket
-
-	startOnce sync.Once
-}
-
-// Examples implements VolumeWithExamples.
-func (*S3Volume) Examples() []Volume {
-	return []Volume{
-		&S3Volume{
-			AccessKeyFile:  "/etc/aws_s3_access_key.txt",
-			SecretKeyFile:  "/etc/aws_s3_secret_key.txt",
-			Endpoint:       "",
-			Region:         "us-east-1",
-			Bucket:         "example-bucket-name",
-			IndexPageSize:  1000,
-			S3Replication:  2,
-			RaceWindow:     arvados.Duration(24 * time.Hour),
-			ConnectTimeout: arvados.Duration(time.Minute),
-			ReadTimeout:    arvados.Duration(5 * time.Minute),
-		},
-		&S3Volume{
-			AccessKeyFile:  "/etc/gce_s3_access_key.txt",
-			SecretKeyFile:  "/etc/gce_s3_secret_key.txt",
-			Endpoint:       "https://storage.googleapis.com",
-			Region:         "",
-			Bucket:         "example-bucket-name",
-			IndexPageSize:  1000,
-			S3Replication:  2,
-			RaceWindow:     arvados.Duration(24 * time.Hour),
-			ConnectTimeout: arvados.Duration(time.Minute),
-			ReadTimeout:    arvados.Duration(5 * time.Minute),
-		},
+func newS3Volume(cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) (Volume, error) {
+	v := &S3Volume{cluster: cluster, volume: volume, logger: logger, metrics: metrics}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(volume.DriverParameters, &v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	return v, v.check()
 }
 
-// Type implements Volume.
-func (*S3Volume) Type() string {
-	return "S3"
-}
+func (v *S3Volume) check() error {
+	if v.Bucket == "" || v.AccessKey == "" || v.SecretKey == "" {
+		return errors.New("DriverParameters: Bucket, AccessKey, and SecretKey must be provided")
+	}
+	if v.IndexPageSize == 0 {
+		v.IndexPageSize = 1000
+	}
+	if v.RaceWindow < 0 {
+		return errors.New("DriverParameters: RaceWindow must not be negative")
+	}
 
-// Start populates private fields and verifies the configuration is
-// valid.
-func (v *S3Volume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
 	region, ok := aws.Regions[v.Region]
 	if v.Endpoint == "" {
 		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized region %+q; try specifying -s3-endpoint instead", v.Region)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unrecognized region %+q; try specifying endpoint instead", v.Region)
 		}
 	} else if ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to use AWS region name %+q with endpoint %+q; "+
-			"specify empty endpoint (\"-s3-endpoint=\") or use a different region name", v.Region, v.Endpoint)
+			"specify empty endpoint or use a different region name", v.Region, v.Endpoint)
 	} else {
 		region = aws.Region{
 			Name:                 v.Region,
@@ -216,15 +71,9 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	var err error
-	var auth aws.Auth
-	auth.AccessKey, err = readKeyFromFile(v.AccessKeyFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	auth.SecretKey, err = readKeyFromFile(v.SecretKeyFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	auth := aws.Auth{
+		AccessKey: v.AccessKey,
+		SecretKey: v.SecretKey,
 	}
 
 	// Zero timeouts mean "wait forever", which is a bad
@@ -250,14 +99,63 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
 		},
 	}
 	// Set up prometheus metrics
-	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.DeviceID()}
-	v.bucket.stats.opsCounters, v.bucket.stats.errCounters, v.bucket.stats.ioBytes = vm.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
+	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.GetDeviceID()}
+	v.bucket.stats.opsCounters, v.bucket.stats.errCounters, v.bucket.stats.ioBytes = v.metrics.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// DeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the storage bucket.
-func (v *S3Volume) DeviceID() string {
+const (
+	s3DefaultReadTimeout    = arvados.Duration(10 * time.Minute)
+	s3DefaultConnectTimeout = arvados.Duration(time.Minute)
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrS3TrashDisabled is returned by Trash if that operation
+	// is impossible with the current config.
+	ErrS3TrashDisabled = fmt.Errorf("trash function is disabled because -trash-lifetime=0 and -s3-unsafe-delete=false")
+
+	s3ACL = s3.Private
+
+	zeroTime time.Time
+)
+
+const (
+	maxClockSkew  = 600 * time.Second
+	nearlyRFC1123 = "Mon, 2 Jan 2006 15:04:05 GMT"
+)
+
+func s3regions() (okList []string) {
+	for r := range aws.Regions {
+		okList = append(okList, r)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// S3Volume implements Volume using an S3 bucket.
+type S3Volume struct {
+	AccessKey          string
+	SecretKey          string
+	Endpoint           string
+	Region             string
+	Bucket             string
+	LocationConstraint bool
+	IndexPageSize      int
+	ConnectTimeout     arvados.Duration
+	ReadTimeout        arvados.Duration
+	RaceWindow         arvados.Duration
+	UnsafeDelete       bool
+
+	cluster   *arvados.Cluster
+	volume    arvados.Volume
+	logger    logrus.FieldLogger
+	metrics   *volumeMetricsVecs
+	bucket    *s3bucket
+	startOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+// GetDeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the storage bucket.
+func (v *S3Volume) GetDeviceID() string {
 	return "s3://" + v.Endpoint + "/" + v.Bucket
 }
 
@@ -271,7 +169,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) getReaderWithContext(ctx context.Context, loc string) (rdr io
 	case <-ready:
 		return
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		theConfig.debugLogf("s3: abandoning getReader(): %s", ctx.Err())
+		v.logger.Debugf("s3: abandoning getReader(): %s", ctx.Err())
 		go func() {
 			<-ready
 			if err == nil {
@@ -339,11 +237,11 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Get(ctx context.Context, loc string, buf []byte) (int, error)
 	}()
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		theConfig.debugLogf("s3: interrupting ReadFull() with Close() because %s", ctx.Err())
+		v.logger.Debugf("s3: interrupting ReadFull() with Close() because %s", ctx.Err())
 		rdr.Close()
 		// Must wait for ReadFull to return, to ensure it
 		// doesn't write to buf after we return.
-		theConfig.debugLogf("s3: waiting for ReadFull() to fail")
+		v.logger.Debug("s3: waiting for ReadFull() to fail")
 		<-ready
 		return 0, ctx.Err()
 	case <-ready:
@@ -397,7 +295,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Compare(ctx context.Context, loc string, expect []byte) error
 
 // Put writes a block.
 func (v *S3Volume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	var opts s3.Options
@@ -433,7 +331,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 	go func() {
 		defer func() {
 			if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				theConfig.debugLogf("%s: abandoned PutReader goroutine finished with err: %s", v, err)
+				v.logger.Debugf("%s: abandoned PutReader goroutine finished with err: %s", v, err)
 			}
 		}()
 		defer close(ready)
@@ -445,7 +343,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 	}()
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		theConfig.debugLogf("%s: taking PutReader's input away: %s", v, ctx.Err())
+		v.logger.Debugf("%s: taking PutReader's input away: %s", v, ctx.Err())
 		// Our pipe might be stuck in Write(), waiting for
 		// PutReader() to read. If so, un-stick it. This means
 		// PutReader will get corrupt data, but that's OK: the
@@ -453,7 +351,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 		go io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, bufr)
 		// CloseWithError() will return once pending I/O is done.
 		bufw.CloseWithError(ctx.Err())
-		theConfig.debugLogf("%s: abandoning PutReader goroutine", v)
+		v.logger.Debugf("%s: abandoning PutReader goroutine", v)
 		return ctx.Err()
 	case <-ready:
 		// Unblock pipe in case PutReader did not consume it.
@@ -464,7 +362,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 
 // Touch sets the timestamp for the given locator to the current time.
 func (v *S3Volume) Touch(loc string) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	_, err := v.bucket.Head(loc, nil)
@@ -571,16 +469,16 @@ func (v *S3Volume) IndexTo(prefix string, writer io.Writer) error {
 
 // Trash a Keep block.
 func (v *S3Volume) Trash(loc string) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	if t, err := v.Mtime(loc); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if time.Since(t) < theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() {
+	} else if time.Since(t) < v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if theConfig.TrashLifetime == 0 {
-		if !s3UnsafeDelete {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime == 0 {
+		if !v.UnsafeDelete {
 			return ErrS3TrashDisabled
 		}
 		return v.translateError(v.bucket.Del(loc))
@@ -615,7 +513,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) checkRaceWindow(loc string) error {
 		// Can't parse timestamp
 		return err
 	}
-	safeWindow := t.Add(theConfig.TrashLifetime.Duration()).Sub(time.Now().Add(time.Duration(v.RaceWindow)))
+	safeWindow := t.Add(v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Duration()).Sub(time.Now().Add(time.Duration(v.RaceWindow)))
 	if safeWindow <= 0 {
 		// We can't count on "touch trash/X" to prolong
 		// trash/X's lifetime. The new timestamp might not
@@ -698,23 +596,6 @@ func (v *S3Volume) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("s3-bucket:%+q", v.Bucket)
 }
 
-// Writable returns false if all future Put, Mtime, and Delete calls
-// are expected to fail.
-func (v *S3Volume) Writable() bool {
-	return !v.ReadOnly
-}
-
-// Replication returns the storage redundancy of the underlying
-// device. Configured via command line flag.
-func (v *S3Volume) Replication() int {
-	return v.S3Replication
-}
-
-// GetStorageClasses implements Volume
-func (v *S3Volume) GetStorageClasses() []string {
-	return v.StorageClasses
-}
-
 var s3KeepBlockRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9a-f]{32}$`)
 
 func (v *S3Volume) isKeepBlock(s string) bool {
@@ -751,13 +632,13 @@ func (v *S3Volume) fixRace(loc string) bool {
 	}
 
 	ageWhenTrashed := trashTime.Sub(recentTime)
-	if ageWhenTrashed >= theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() {
+	if ageWhenTrashed >= v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
 		// No evidence of a race: block hasn't been written
 		// since it became eligible for Trash. No fix needed.
 		return false
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("notice: fixRace: %q: trashed at %s but touched at %s (age when trashed = %s < %s)", loc, trashTime, recentTime, ageWhenTrashed, theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL)
+	log.Printf("notice: fixRace: %q: trashed at %s but touched at %s (age when trashed = %s < %s)", loc, trashTime, recentTime, ageWhenTrashed, v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL)
 	log.Printf("notice: fixRace: copying %q to %q to recover from race between Put/Touch and Trash", "recent/"+loc, loc)
 	err = v.safeCopy(loc, "trash/"+loc)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -785,6 +666,10 @@ func (v *S3Volume) translateError(err error) error {
 // EmptyTrash looks for trashed blocks that exceeded TrashLifetime
 // and deletes them from the volume.
 func (v *S3Volume) EmptyTrash() {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
 	var bytesInTrash, blocksInTrash, bytesDeleted, blocksDeleted int64
 
 	// Define "ready to delete" as "...when EmptyTrash started".
@@ -820,8 +705,8 @@ func (v *S3Volume) EmptyTrash() {
 			log.Printf("warning: %s: EmptyTrash: %q: parse %q: %s", v, "recent/"+loc, recent.Header.Get("Last-Modified"), err)
 			return
 		}
-		if trashT.Sub(recentT) < theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() {
-			if age := startT.Sub(recentT); age >= theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()-time.Duration(v.RaceWindow) {
+		if trashT.Sub(recentT) < v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
+			if age := startT.Sub(recentT); age >= v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()-time.Duration(v.RaceWindow) {
 				// recent/loc is too old to protect
 				// loc from being Trashed again during
 				// the raceWindow that starts if we
@@ -845,7 +730,7 @@ func (v *S3Volume) EmptyTrash() {
 				return
 			}
 		}
-		if startT.Sub(trashT) < theConfig.TrashLifetime.Duration() {
+		if startT.Sub(trashT) < v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Duration() {
 			return
 		}
 		err = v.bucket.Del(trash.Key)
@@ -872,8 +757,8 @@ func (v *S3Volume) EmptyTrash() {
 	}
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	todo := make(chan *s3.Key, theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers)
-	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers; i++ {
+	todo := make(chan *s3.Key, v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency)
+	for i := 0; i < v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
diff --git a/services/keepstore/s3_volume_test.go b/services/keepstore/s3_volume_test.go
index 6377420ff..b8c4458a5 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/s3_volume_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/s3_volume_test.go
@@ -10,17 +10,19 @@ import (
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"github.com/AdRoll/goamz/s3"
 	"github.com/AdRoll/goamz/s3/s3test"
-	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -39,34 +41,41 @@ func (c *fakeClock) Now() time.Time {
 	return *c.now
 }
 
-func init() {
-	// Deleting isn't safe from races, but if it's turned on
-	// anyway we do expect it to pass the generic volume tests.
-	s3UnsafeDelete = true
-}
-
 var _ = check.Suite(&StubbedS3Suite{})
 
 type StubbedS3Suite struct {
-	volumes []*TestableS3Volume
+	s3server *httptest.Server
+	cluster  *arvados.Cluster
+	handler  *handler
+	volumes  []*TestableS3Volume
+}
+
+func (s *StubbedS3Suite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
+	s.s3server = nil
+	s.cluster = testCluster(c)
+	s.cluster.Volumes = map[string]arvados.Volume{
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-000000000000000": {Driver: "S3"},
+		"zzzzz-nyw5e-111111111111111": {Driver: "S3"},
+	}
+	s.handler = &handler{}
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestGeneric(c *check.C) {
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
 		// Use a negative raceWindow so s3test's 1-second
 		// timestamp precision doesn't confuse fixRace.
-		return s.newTestableVolume(c, -2*time.Second, false, 2)
+		return s.newTestableVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, -2*time.Second)
 	})
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestGenericReadOnly(c *check.C) {
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return s.newTestableVolume(c, -2*time.Second, true, 2)
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, true, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, -2*time.Second)
 	})
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestIndex(c *check.C) {
-	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, 0, false, 2)
+	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 2}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()), 0)
 	v.IndexPageSize = 3
 	for i := 0; i < 256; i++ {
 		v.PutRaw(fmt.Sprintf("%02x%030x", i, i), []byte{102, 111, 111})
@@ -91,7 +100,7 @@ func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestIndex(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestStats(c *check.C) {
-	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, 5*time.Minute, false, 2)
+	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 2}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()), 5*time.Minute)
 	stats := func() string {
 		buf, err := json.Marshal(v.InternalStats())
 		c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
@@ -125,6 +134,11 @@ type blockingHandler struct {
 }
 
 func (h *blockingHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method == "PUT" && !strings.Contains(strings.Trim(r.URL.Path, "/"), "/") {
+		// Accept PutBucket ("PUT /bucketname/"), called by
+		// newTestableVolume
+		return
+	}
 	if h.requested != nil {
 		h.requested <- r
 	}
@@ -164,15 +178,10 @@ func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestPutContextCancel(c *check.C) {
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) testContextCancel(c *check.C, testFunc func(context.Context, *TestableS3Volume) error) {
 	handler := &blockingHandler{}
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(handler)
-	defer srv.Close()
+	s.s3server = httptest.NewServer(handler)
+	defer s.s3server.Close()
 
-	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, 5*time.Minute, false, 2)
-	vol := *v.S3Volume
-	vol.Endpoint = srv.URL
-	v = &TestableS3Volume{S3Volume: &vol}
-	metrics := newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry())
-	v.Start(metrics)
+	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 2}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()), 5*time.Minute)
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
@@ -209,14 +218,10 @@ func (s *StubbedS3Suite) testContextCancel(c *check.C, testFunc func(context.Con
 }
 
 func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestBackendStates(c *check.C) {
-	defer func(tl, bs arvados.Duration) {
-		theConfig.TrashLifetime = tl
-		theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL = bs
-	}(theConfig.TrashLifetime, theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL)
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1h")
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Set("1h")
-
-	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, 5*time.Minute, false, 2)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1h")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Set("1h")
+
+	v := s.newTestableVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 2}, newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry()), 5*time.Minute)
 	var none time.Time
 
 	putS3Obj := func(t time.Time, key string, data []byte) {
@@ -411,61 +416,42 @@ type TestableS3Volume struct {
 	serverClock *fakeClock
 }
 
-func (s *StubbedS3Suite) newTestableVolume(c *check.C, raceWindow time.Duration, readonly bool, replication int) *TestableS3Volume {
+func (s *StubbedS3Suite) newTestableVolume(c *check.C, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs, raceWindow time.Duration) *TestableS3Volume {
 	clock := &fakeClock{}
 	srv, err := s3test.NewServer(&s3test.Config{Clock: clock})
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	endpoint := srv.URL()
+	if s.s3server != nil {
+		endpoint = s.s3server.URL
+	}
 
 	v := &TestableS3Volume{
 		S3Volume: &S3Volume{
+			AccessKey:          "xxx",
+			SecretKey:          "xxx",
 			Bucket:             TestBucketName,
-			Endpoint:           srv.URL(),
+			Endpoint:           endpoint,
 			Region:             "test-region-1",
 			LocationConstraint: true,
-			RaceWindow:         arvados.Duration(raceWindow),
-			S3Replication:      replication,
-			UnsafeDelete:       s3UnsafeDelete,
-			ReadOnly:           readonly,
+			UnsafeDelete:       true,
 			IndexPageSize:      1000,
+			cluster:            cluster,
+			volume:             volume,
+			logger:             ctxlog.TestLogger(c),
+			metrics:            metrics,
 		},
 		c:           c,
 		server:      srv,
 		serverClock: clock,
 	}
-	metrics := newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry())
-	v.Start(metrics)
-	err = v.bucket.PutBucket(s3.ACL("private"))
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(v.S3Volume.check(), check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(v.bucket.PutBucket(s3.ACL("private")), check.IsNil)
+	// We couldn't set RaceWindow until now because check()
+	// rejects negative values.
+	v.S3Volume.RaceWindow = arvados.Duration(raceWindow)
 	return v
 }
 
-func (s *StubbedS3Suite) TestConfig(c *check.C) {
-	var cfg Config
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(`
-Volumes:
-  - Type: S3
-    StorageClasses: ["class_a", "class_b"]
-`), &cfg)
-
-	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Check(cfg.Volumes[0].GetStorageClasses(), check.DeepEquals, []string{"class_a", "class_b"})
-}
-
-func (v *TestableS3Volume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
-	tmp, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "keepstore")
-	v.c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	defer os.Remove(tmp.Name())
-	_, err = tmp.Write([]byte("xxx\n"))
-	v.c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-	v.c.Assert(tmp.Close(), check.IsNil)
-
-	v.S3Volume.AccessKeyFile = tmp.Name()
-	v.S3Volume.SecretKeyFile = tmp.Name()
-
-	v.c.Assert(v.S3Volume.Start(vm), check.IsNil)
-	return nil
-}
-
 // PutRaw skips the ContentMD5 test
 func (v *TestableS3Volume) PutRaw(loc string, block []byte) {
 	err := v.bucket.Put(loc, block, "application/octet-stream", s3ACL, s3.Options{})
diff --git a/services/keepstore/server.go b/services/keepstore/server.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f6727712..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/server.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"syscall"
-)
-
-type server struct {
-	http.Server
-
-	// channel (size=1) with the current keypair
-	currentCert chan *tls.Certificate
-}
-
-func (srv *server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {
-	if theConfig.TLSCertificateFile == "" && theConfig.TLSKeyFile == "" {
-		return srv.Server.Serve(l)
-	}
-	// https://blog.gopheracademy.com/advent-2016/exposing-go-on-the-internet/
-	srv.TLSConfig = &tls.Config{
-		GetCertificate:           srv.getCertificate,
-		PreferServerCipherSuites: true,
-		CurvePreferences: []tls.CurveID{
-			tls.CurveP256,
-			tls.X25519,
-		},
-		MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
-		CipherSuites: []uint16{
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
-			tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
-		},
-	}
-	srv.currentCert = make(chan *tls.Certificate, 1)
-	go srv.refreshCertificate(theConfig.TLSCertificateFile, theConfig.TLSKeyFile)
-	return srv.Server.ServeTLS(l, "", "")
-}
-
-func (srv *server) refreshCertificate(certfile, keyfile string) {
-	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certfile, keyfile)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithError(err).Fatal("error loading X509 key pair")
-	}
-	srv.currentCert <- &cert
-
-	reload := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(reload, syscall.SIGHUP)
-	for range reload {
-		cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certfile, keyfile)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Warn("error loading X509 key pair")
-			continue
-		}
-		// Throw away old cert and start using new one
-		<-srv.currentCert
-		srv.currentCert <- &cert
-	}
-}
-
-func (srv *server) getCertificate(*tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-	if srv.currentCert == nil {
-		panic("srv.currentCert not initialized")
-	}
-	cert := <-srv.currentCert
-	srv.currentCert <- cert
-	return cert, nil
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/server_test.go b/services/keepstore/server_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 84adf3603..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/server_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestTLS(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func() {
-		theConfig.TLSKeyFile = ""
-		theConfig.TLSCertificateFile = ""
-	}()
-	theConfig.TLSKeyFile = "../api/tmp/self-signed.key"
-	theConfig.TLSCertificateFile = "../api/tmp/self-signed.pem"
-	srv := &server{}
-	srv.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Write([]byte("OK"))
-	})
-	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer l.Close()
-	go srv.Serve(l)
-	defer srv.Shutdown(context.Background())
-	c := &http.Client{Transport: &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}}}
-	resp, err := c.Get("https://" + l.Addr().String() + "/")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(body, []byte("OK")) {
-		t.Errorf("expected OK, got %q", body)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/status_test.go b/services/keepstore/status_test.go
index dc6efb083..7bff2584e 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/status_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/status_test.go
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 
 // getStatusItem("foo","bar","baz") retrieves /status.json, decodes
 // the response body into resp, and returns resp["foo"]["bar"]["baz"].
-func getStatusItem(keys ...string) interface{} {
-	resp := IssueRequest(&RequestTester{"/status.json", "", "GET", nil})
+func getStatusItem(h *handler, keys ...string) interface{} {
+	resp := IssueRequest(h, &RequestTester{"/status.json", "", "GET", nil})
 	var s interface{}
 	json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&s)
 	for _, k := range keys {
diff --git a/services/keepstore/trash_worker.go b/services/keepstore/trash_worker.go
index 8a9fedfb7..ba1455ac6 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/trash_worker.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/trash_worker.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"log"
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
@@ -17,35 +18,35 @@ import (
 //      Delete the block indicated by the trash request Locator
 //		Repeat
 //
-func RunTrashWorker(trashq *WorkQueue) {
+func RunTrashWorker(volmgr *RRVolumeManager, cluster *arvados.Cluster, trashq *WorkQueue) {
 	for item := range trashq.NextItem {
 		trashRequest := item.(TrashRequest)
-		TrashItem(trashRequest)
+		TrashItem(volmgr, cluster, trashRequest)
 		trashq.DoneItem <- struct{}{}
 	}
 }
 
 // TrashItem deletes the indicated block from every writable volume.
-func TrashItem(trashRequest TrashRequest) {
+func TrashItem(volmgr *RRVolumeManager, cluster *arvados.Cluster, trashRequest TrashRequest) {
 	reqMtime := time.Unix(0, trashRequest.BlockMtime)
-	if time.Since(reqMtime) < theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() {
+	if time.Since(reqMtime) < cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
 		log.Printf("WARNING: data manager asked to delete a %v old block %v (BlockMtime %d = %v), but my blobSignatureTTL is %v! Skipping.",
 			arvados.Duration(time.Since(reqMtime)),
 			trashRequest.Locator,
 			trashRequest.BlockMtime,
 			reqMtime,
-			theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL)
+			cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL)
 		return
 	}
 
-	var volumes []Volume
+	var volumes []*VolumeMount
 	if uuid := trashRequest.MountUUID; uuid == "" {
-		volumes = KeepVM.AllWritable()
-	} else if v := KeepVM.Lookup(uuid, true); v == nil {
+		volumes = volmgr.AllWritable()
+	} else if mnt := volmgr.Lookup(uuid, true); mnt == nil {
 		log.Printf("warning: trash request for nonexistent mount: %v", trashRequest)
 		return
 	} else {
-		volumes = []Volume{v}
+		volumes = []*VolumeMount{mnt}
 	}
 
 	for _, volume := range volumes {
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ func TrashItem(trashRequest TrashRequest) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if !theConfig.EnableDelete {
-			err = errors.New("skipping because EnableDelete is false")
+		if !cluster.Collections.BlobTrash {
+			err = errors.New("skipping because Collections.BlobTrash is false")
 		} else {
 			err = volume.Trash(trashRequest.Locator)
 		}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/trash_worker_test.go b/services/keepstore/trash_worker_test.go
index c5a410b06..bd3743090 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/trash_worker_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/trash_worker_test.go
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ package main
 import (
 	"container/list"
 	"context"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
 type TrashWorkerTestData struct {
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ type TrashWorkerTestData struct {
 /* Delete block that does not exist in any of the keep volumes.
    Expect no errors.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592",
 		Block1:   []byte("hello"),
@@ -52,14 +54,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_GetNonExistingLocator(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: false,
 		ExpectLocator2: false,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Delete a block that exists on volume 1 of the keep servers.
    Expect the second locator in volume 2 to be unaffected.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume1(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume1(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -74,14 +76,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume1(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: false,
 		ExpectLocator2: true,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Delete a block that exists on volume 2 of the keep servers.
    Expect the first locator in volume 1 to be unaffected.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume2(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume2(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -96,14 +98,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInVolume2(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: true,
 		ExpectLocator2: false,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Delete a block with matching mtime for locator in both volumes.
    Expect locator to be deleted from both volumes.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInBothVolumes(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInBothVolumes(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -118,14 +120,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_LocatorInBothVolumes(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: false,
 		ExpectLocator2: false,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Same locator with different Mtimes exists in both volumes.
    Delete the second and expect the first to be still around.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_MtimeMatchesForLocator1ButNotForLocator2(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_MtimeMatchesForLocator1ButNotForLocator2(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -141,14 +143,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_MtimeMatchesForLocator1ButNotForLocator2(t *test
 		ExpectLocator1: true,
 		ExpectLocator2: false,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 // Delete a block that exists on both volumes with matching mtimes,
 // but specify a MountUUID in the request so it only gets deleted from
 // the first volume.
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SpecifyMountUUID(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SpecifyMountUUID(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -164,15 +166,15 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SpecifyMountUUID(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: true,
 		ExpectLocator2: true,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Two different locators in volume 1.
    Delete one of them.
    Expect the other unaffected.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_TwoDifferentLocatorsInVolume1(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_TwoDifferentLocatorsInVolume1(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -188,14 +190,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_TwoDifferentLocatorsInVolume1(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: false,
 		ExpectLocator2: true,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Allow default Trash Life time to be used. Thus, the newly created block
    will not be deleted because its Mtime is within the trash life time.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SameLocatorInTwoVolumesWithDefaultTrashLifeTime(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = true
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SameLocatorInTwoVolumesWithDefaultTrashLifeTime(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = true
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -214,14 +216,14 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_SameLocatorInTwoVolumesWithDefaultTrashLifeTime(
 		ExpectLocator1: true,
 		ExpectLocator2: true,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Delete a block with matching mtime for locator in both volumes, but EnableDelete is false,
    so block won't be deleted.
 */
-func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_DisabledDelete(t *testing.T) {
-	theConfig.EnableDelete = false
+func (s *HandlerSuite) TestTrashWorkerIntegration_DisabledDelete(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash = false
 	testData := TrashWorkerTestData{
 		Locator1: TestHash,
 		Block1:   TestBlock,
@@ -236,31 +238,34 @@ func TestTrashWorkerIntegration_DisabledDelete(t *testing.T) {
 		ExpectLocator1: true,
 		ExpectLocator2: true,
 	}
-	performTrashWorkerTest(testData, t)
+	s.performTrashWorkerTest(c, testData)
 }
 
 /* Perform the test */
-func performTrashWorkerTest(testData TrashWorkerTestData, t *testing.T) {
-	// Create Keep Volumes
-	KeepVM = MakeTestVolumeManager(2)
-	defer KeepVM.Close()
+func (s *HandlerSuite) performTrashWorkerTest(c *check.C, testData TrashWorkerTestData) {
+	c.Assert(s.handler.setup(context.Background(), s.cluster, "", prometheus.NewRegistry(), testServiceURL), check.IsNil)
+	// Replace the router's trashq -- which the worker goroutines
+	// started by setup() are now receiving from -- with a new
+	// one, so we can see what the handler sends to it.
+	trashq := NewWorkQueue()
+	s.handler.Handler.(*router).trashq = trashq
 
 	// Put test content
-	vols := KeepVM.AllWritable()
+	mounts := s.handler.volmgr.AllWritable()
 	if testData.CreateData {
-		vols[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator1, testData.Block1)
-		vols[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator1+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
+		mounts[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator1, testData.Block1)
+		mounts[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator1+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
 
 		if testData.CreateInVolume1 {
-			vols[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2, testData.Block2)
-			vols[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
+			mounts[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2, testData.Block2)
+			mounts[0].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
 		} else {
-			vols[1].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2, testData.Block2)
-			vols[1].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
+			mounts[1].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2, testData.Block2)
+			mounts[1].Put(context.Background(), testData.Locator2+".meta", []byte("metadata"))
 		}
 	}
 
-	oldBlockTime := time.Now().Add(-theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration() - time.Minute)
+	oldBlockTime := time.Now().Add(-s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() - time.Minute)
 
 	// Create TrashRequest for the test
 	trashRequest := TrashRequest{
@@ -268,37 +273,35 @@ func performTrashWorkerTest(testData TrashWorkerTestData, t *testing.T) {
 		BlockMtime: oldBlockTime.UnixNano(),
 	}
 	if testData.SpecifyMountUUID {
-		trashRequest.MountUUID = KeepVM.Mounts()[0].UUID
+		trashRequest.MountUUID = s.handler.volmgr.Mounts()[0].UUID
 	}
 
 	// Run trash worker and put the trashRequest on trashq
 	trashList := list.New()
 	trashList.PushBack(trashRequest)
-	trashq = NewWorkQueue()
-	defer trashq.Close()
 
 	if !testData.UseTrashLifeTime {
 		// Trash worker would not delete block if its Mtime is
 		// within trash life time. Back-date the block to
 		// allow the deletion to succeed.
-		for _, v := range vols {
-			v.(*MockVolume).Timestamps[testData.DeleteLocator] = oldBlockTime
+		for _, mnt := range mounts {
+			mnt.Volume.(*MockVolume).Timestamps[testData.DeleteLocator] = oldBlockTime
 			if testData.DifferentMtimes {
 				oldBlockTime = oldBlockTime.Add(time.Second)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	go RunTrashWorker(trashq)
+	go RunTrashWorker(s.handler.volmgr, s.cluster, trashq)
 
 	// Install gate so all local operations block until we say go
 	gate := make(chan struct{})
-	for _, v := range vols {
-		v.(*MockVolume).Gate = gate
+	for _, mnt := range mounts {
+		mnt.Volume.(*MockVolume).Gate = gate
 	}
 
 	assertStatusItem := func(k string, expect float64) {
-		if v := getStatusItem("TrashQueue", k); v != expect {
-			t.Errorf("Got %s %v, expected %v", k, v, expect)
+		if v := getStatusItem(s.handler, "TrashQueue", k); v != expect {
+			c.Errorf("Got %s %v, expected %v", k, v, expect)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -309,7 +312,7 @@ func performTrashWorkerTest(testData TrashWorkerTestData, t *testing.T) {
 	trashq.ReplaceQueue(trashList)
 
 	// Wait for worker to take request(s)
-	expectEqualWithin(t, time.Second, listLen, func() interface{} { return trashq.Status().InProgress })
+	expectEqualWithin(c, time.Second, listLen, func() interface{} { return trashq.Status().InProgress })
 
 	// Ensure status.json also reports work is happening
 	assertStatusItem("InProgress", float64(1))
@@ -319,31 +322,31 @@ func performTrashWorkerTest(testData TrashWorkerTestData, t *testing.T) {
 	close(gate)
 
 	// Wait for worker to finish
-	expectEqualWithin(t, time.Second, 0, func() interface{} { return trashq.Status().InProgress })
+	expectEqualWithin(c, time.Second, 0, func() interface{} { return trashq.Status().InProgress })
 
 	// Verify Locator1 to be un/deleted as expected
 	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
-	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), testData.Locator1, buf, nil)
+	size, err := GetBlock(context.Background(), s.handler.volmgr, testData.Locator1, buf, nil)
 	if testData.ExpectLocator1 {
 		if size == 0 || err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Expected Locator1 to be still present: %s", testData.Locator1)
+			c.Errorf("Expected Locator1 to be still present: %s", testData.Locator1)
 		}
 	} else {
 		if size > 0 || err == nil {
-			t.Errorf("Expected Locator1 to be deleted: %s", testData.Locator1)
+			c.Errorf("Expected Locator1 to be deleted: %s", testData.Locator1)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Verify Locator2 to be un/deleted as expected
 	if testData.Locator1 != testData.Locator2 {
-		size, err = GetBlock(context.Background(), testData.Locator2, buf, nil)
+		size, err = GetBlock(context.Background(), s.handler.volmgr, testData.Locator2, buf, nil)
 		if testData.ExpectLocator2 {
 			if size == 0 || err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Expected Locator2 to be still present: %s", testData.Locator2)
+				c.Errorf("Expected Locator2 to be still present: %s", testData.Locator2)
 			}
 		} else {
 			if size > 0 || err == nil {
-				t.Errorf("Expected Locator2 to be deleted: %s", testData.Locator2)
+				c.Errorf("Expected Locator2 to be deleted: %s", testData.Locator2)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -353,14 +356,12 @@ func performTrashWorkerTest(testData TrashWorkerTestData, t *testing.T) {
 	// the trash request.
 	if testData.DifferentMtimes {
 		locatorFoundIn := 0
-		for _, volume := range KeepVM.AllReadable() {
+		for _, volume := range s.handler.volmgr.AllReadable() {
 			buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 			if _, err := volume.Get(context.Background(), testData.Locator1, buf); err == nil {
 				locatorFoundIn = locatorFoundIn + 1
 			}
 		}
-		if locatorFoundIn != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("Found %d copies of %s, expected 1", locatorFoundIn, testData.Locator1)
-		}
+		c.Check(locatorFoundIn, check.Equals, 1)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/services/keepstore/unix_volume.go b/services/keepstore/unix_volume.go
index 4d9e798ac..918555c2b 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/unix_volume.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/unix_volume.go
@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"context"
-	"flag"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -22,98 +23,52 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-type unixVolumeAdder struct {
-	*Config
-}
-
-// String implements flag.Value
-func (vs *unixVolumeAdder) String() string {
-	return "-"
+func init() {
+	driver["Directory"] = newDirectoryVolume
 }
 
-func (vs *unixVolumeAdder) Set(path string) error {
-	if dirs := strings.Split(path, ","); len(dirs) > 1 {
-		log.Print("DEPRECATED: using comma-separated volume list.")
-		for _, dir := range dirs {
-			if err := vs.Set(dir); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
+func newDirectoryVolume(cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) (Volume, error) {
+	v := &UnixVolume{cluster: cluster, volume: volume, logger: logger, metrics: metrics}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(volume.DriverParameters, &v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	vs.Config.Volumes = append(vs.Config.Volumes, &UnixVolume{
-		Root:      path,
-		ReadOnly:  deprecated.flagReadonly,
-		Serialize: deprecated.flagSerializeIO,
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-func init() {
-	VolumeTypes = append(VolumeTypes, func() VolumeWithExamples { return &UnixVolume{} })
-
-	flag.Var(&unixVolumeAdder{theConfig}, "volumes", "see Volumes configuration")
-	flag.Var(&unixVolumeAdder{theConfig}, "volume", "see Volumes configuration")
+	return v, v.check()
 }
 
-// Discover adds a UnixVolume for every directory named "keep" that is
-// located at the top level of a device- or tmpfs-backed mount point
-// other than "/". It returns the number of volumes added.
-func (vs *unixVolumeAdder) Discover() int {
-	added := 0
-	f, err := os.Open(ProcMounts)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("opening %s: %s", ProcMounts, err)
+func (v *UnixVolume) check() error {
+	if v.Root == "" {
+		return errors.New("DriverParameters.Root was not provided")
 	}
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		args := strings.Fields(scanner.Text())
-		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("reading %s: %s", ProcMounts, err)
-		}
-		dev, mount := args[0], args[1]
-		if mount == "/" {
-			continue
-		}
-		if dev != "tmpfs" && !strings.HasPrefix(dev, "/dev/") {
-			continue
-		}
-		keepdir := mount + "/keep"
-		if st, err := os.Stat(keepdir); err != nil || !st.IsDir() {
-			continue
-		}
-		// Set the -readonly flag (but only for this volume)
-		// if the filesystem is mounted readonly.
-		flagReadonlyWas := deprecated.flagReadonly
-		for _, fsopt := range strings.Split(args[3], ",") {
-			if fsopt == "ro" {
-				deprecated.flagReadonly = true
-				break
-			}
-			if fsopt == "rw" {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if err := vs.Set(keepdir); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("adding %q: %s", keepdir, err)
-		} else {
-			added++
-		}
-		deprecated.flagReadonly = flagReadonlyWas
+	if v.Serialize {
+		v.locker = &sync.Mutex{}
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(v.Root, "/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("DriverParameters.Root %q does not start with '/'", v.Root)
 	}
-	return added
+
+	// Set up prometheus metrics
+	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.GetDeviceID()}
+	v.os.stats.opsCounters, v.os.stats.errCounters, v.os.stats.ioBytes = v.metrics.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
+
+	_, err := v.os.Stat(v.Root)
+	return err
 }
 
 // A UnixVolume stores and retrieves blocks in a local directory.
 type UnixVolume struct {
-	Root                 string // path to the volume's root directory
-	ReadOnly             bool
-	Serialize            bool
-	DirectoryReplication int
-	StorageClasses       []string
+	Root      string // path to the volume's root directory
+	Serialize bool
+
+	cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	volume  arvados.Volume
+	logger  logrus.FieldLogger
+	metrics *volumeMetricsVecs
 
 	// something to lock during IO, typically a sync.Mutex (or nil
 	// to skip locking)
@@ -122,12 +77,12 @@ type UnixVolume struct {
 	os osWithStats
 }
 
-// DeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the volume's root
+// GetDeviceID returns a globally unique ID for the volume's root
 // directory, consisting of the filesystem's UUID and the path from
 // filesystem root to storage directory, joined by "/". For example,
-// the DeviceID for a local directory "/mnt/xvda1/keep" might be
+// the device ID for a local directory "/mnt/xvda1/keep" might be
 // "fa0b6166-3b55-4994-bd3f-92f4e00a1bb0/keep".
-func (v *UnixVolume) DeviceID() string {
+func (v *UnixVolume) GetDeviceID() string {
 	giveup := func(f string, args ...interface{}) string {
 		log.Printf(f+"; using blank DeviceID for volume %s", append(args, v)...)
 		return ""
@@ -198,50 +153,9 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) DeviceID() string {
 	return giveup("could not find entry in %q matching %q", udir, dev)
 }
 
-// Examples implements VolumeWithExamples.
-func (*UnixVolume) Examples() []Volume {
-	return []Volume{
-		&UnixVolume{
-			Root:                 "/mnt/local-disk",
-			Serialize:            true,
-			DirectoryReplication: 1,
-		},
-		&UnixVolume{
-			Root:                 "/mnt/network-disk",
-			Serialize:            false,
-			DirectoryReplication: 2,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// Type implements Volume
-func (v *UnixVolume) Type() string {
-	return "Directory"
-}
-
-// Start implements Volume
-func (v *UnixVolume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
-	if v.Serialize {
-		v.locker = &sync.Mutex{}
-	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(v.Root, "/") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("volume root does not start with '/': %q", v.Root)
-	}
-	if v.DirectoryReplication == 0 {
-		v.DirectoryReplication = 1
-	}
-	// Set up prometheus metrics
-	lbls := prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.DeviceID()}
-	v.os.stats.opsCounters, v.os.stats.errCounters, v.os.stats.ioBytes = vm.getCounterVecsFor(lbls)
-
-	_, err := v.os.Stat(v.Root)
-
-	return err
-}
-
 // Touch sets the timestamp for the given locator to the current time
 func (v *UnixVolume) Touch(loc string) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	p := v.blockPath(loc)
@@ -349,7 +263,7 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 
 // WriteBlock implements BlockWriter.
 func (v *UnixVolume) WriteBlock(ctx context.Context, loc string, rdr io.Reader) error {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	if v.IsFull() {
@@ -516,7 +430,7 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 	// Trash() will read the correct up-to-date timestamp and choose not to
 	// trash the file.
 
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly || !v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrash {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	if err := v.lock(context.TODO()); err != nil {
@@ -541,21 +455,21 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 	// anyway (because the permission signatures have expired).
 	if fi, err := v.os.Stat(p); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if time.Since(fi.ModTime()) < time.Duration(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL) {
+	} else if time.Since(fi.ModTime()) < v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if theConfig.TrashLifetime == 0 {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime == 0 {
 		return v.os.Remove(p)
 	}
-	return v.os.Rename(p, fmt.Sprintf("%v.trash.%d", p, time.Now().Add(theConfig.TrashLifetime.Duration()).Unix()))
+	return v.os.Rename(p, fmt.Sprintf("%v.trash.%d", p, time.Now().Add(v.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Duration()).Unix()))
 }
 
 // Untrash moves block from trash back into store
 // Look for path/{loc}.trash.{deadline} in storage,
 // and rename the first such file as path/{loc}
 func (v *UnixVolume) Untrash(loc string) (err error) {
-	if v.ReadOnly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 
@@ -650,23 +564,6 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("[UnixVolume %s]", v.Root)
 }
 
-// Writable returns false if all future Put, Mtime, and Delete calls
-// are expected to fail.
-func (v *UnixVolume) Writable() bool {
-	return !v.ReadOnly
-}
-
-// Replication returns the number of replicas promised by the
-// underlying device (as specified in configuration).
-func (v *UnixVolume) Replication() int {
-	return v.DirectoryReplication
-}
-
-// GetStorageClasses implements Volume
-func (v *UnixVolume) GetStorageClasses() []string {
-	return v.StorageClasses
-}
-
 // InternalStats returns I/O and filesystem ops counters.
 func (v *UnixVolume) InternalStats() interface{} {
 	return &v.os.stats
@@ -739,6 +636,10 @@ var unixTrashLocRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`/([0-9a-f]{32})\.trash\.(\d+)$`)
 // EmptyTrash walks hierarchy looking for {hash}.trash.*
 // and deletes those with deadline < now.
 func (v *UnixVolume) EmptyTrash() {
+	if v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
 	var bytesDeleted, bytesInTrash int64
 	var blocksDeleted, blocksInTrash int64
 
@@ -774,8 +675,8 @@ func (v *UnixVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 		info os.FileInfo
 	}
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	todo := make(chan dirent, theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers)
-	for i := 0; i < 1 || i < theConfig.EmptyTrashWorkers; i++ {
+	todo := make(chan dirent, v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency)
+	for i := 0; i < v.cluster.Collections.BlobDeleteConcurrency; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
diff --git a/services/keepstore/unix_volume_test.go b/services/keepstore/unix_volume_test.go
index 872f408cf..1ffc46513 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/unix_volume_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/unix_volume_test.go
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
@@ -29,32 +29,13 @@ type TestableUnixVolume struct {
 	t TB
 }
 
-func NewTestableUnixVolume(t TB, serialize bool, readonly bool) *TestableUnixVolume {
-	d, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "volume_test")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var locker sync.Locker
-	if serialize {
-		locker = &sync.Mutex{}
-	}
-	return &TestableUnixVolume{
-		UnixVolume: UnixVolume{
-			Root:     d,
-			ReadOnly: readonly,
-			locker:   locker,
-		},
-		t: t,
-	}
-}
-
 // PutRaw writes a Keep block directly into a UnixVolume, even if
 // the volume is readonly.
 func (v *TestableUnixVolume) PutRaw(locator string, data []byte) {
 	defer func(orig bool) {
-		v.ReadOnly = orig
-	}(v.ReadOnly)
-	v.ReadOnly = false
+		v.volume.ReadOnly = orig
+	}(v.volume.ReadOnly)
+	v.volume.ReadOnly = false
 	err := v.Put(context.Background(), locator, data)
 	if err != nil {
 		v.t.Fatal(err)
@@ -70,7 +51,7 @@ func (v *TestableUnixVolume) TouchWithDate(locator string, lastPut time.Time) {
 
 func (v *TestableUnixVolume) Teardown() {
 	if err := os.RemoveAll(v.Root); err != nil {
-		v.t.Fatal(err)
+		v.t.Error(err)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -78,59 +59,77 @@ func (v *TestableUnixVolume) ReadWriteOperationLabelValues() (r, w string) {
 	return "open", "create"
 }
 
+var _ = check.Suite(&UnixVolumeSuite{})
+
+type UnixVolumeSuite struct {
+	cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	volumes []*TestableUnixVolume
+	metrics *volumeMetricsVecs
+}
+
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
+	s.cluster = testCluster(c)
+	s.metrics = newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry())
+}
+
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
+	for _, v := range s.volumes {
+		v.Teardown()
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) newTestableUnixVolume(c *check.C, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs, serialize bool) *TestableUnixVolume {
+	d, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "volume_test")
+	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
+	var locker sync.Locker
+	if serialize {
+		locker = &sync.Mutex{}
+	}
+	v := &TestableUnixVolume{
+		UnixVolume: UnixVolume{
+			Root:    d,
+			locker:  locker,
+			cluster: cluster,
+			volume:  volume,
+			metrics: metrics,
+		},
+		t: c,
+	}
+	c.Check(v.check(), check.IsNil)
+	s.volumes = append(s.volumes, v)
+	return v
+}
+
 // serialize = false; readonly = false
-func TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTests(t *testing.T) {
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTests(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, false)
 	})
 }
 
 // serialize = false; readonly = true
-func TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTestsReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, true)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTestsReadOnly(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, true, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, true)
 	})
 }
 
 // serialize = true; readonly = false
-func TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTestsSerialized(t *testing.T) {
-	DoGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) TestableVolume {
-		return NewTestableUnixVolume(t, true, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeWithGenericTestsSerialized(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, false, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, false)
 	})
 }
 
-// serialize = false; readonly = false
-func TestUnixVolumeHandlersWithGenericVolumeTests(t *testing.T) {
-	DoHandlersWithGenericVolumeTests(t, func(t TB) (*RRVolumeManager, []TestableVolume) {
-		vols := make([]Volume, 2)
-		testableUnixVols := make([]TestableVolume, 2)
-
-		for i := range vols {
-			v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
-			vols[i] = v
-			testableUnixVols[i] = v
-		}
-
-		return MakeRRVolumeManager(vols), testableUnixVols
+// serialize = true; readonly = true
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeHandlersWithGenericVolumeTests(c *check.C) {
+	DoGenericVolumeTests(c, true, func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume {
+		return s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, cluster, volume, metrics, true)
 	})
 }
 
-func TestReplicationDefault1(t *testing.T) {
-	v := &UnixVolume{
-		Root:     "/",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	}
-	metrics := newVolumeMetricsVecs(prometheus.NewRegistry())
-	if err := v.Start(metrics); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
-	}
-	if got := v.Replication(); got != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Replication() returned %d, expected 1 if no config given", got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGetNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestGetNotFound(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 
@@ -140,42 +139,42 @@ func TestGetNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	case os.IsNotExist(err):
 		break
 	case err == nil:
-		t.Errorf("Read should have failed, returned %+q", buf[:n])
+		c.Errorf("Read should have failed, returned %+q", buf[:n])
 	default:
-		t.Errorf("Read expected ErrNotExist, got: %s", err)
+		c.Errorf("Read expected ErrNotExist, got: %s", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPut(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestPut(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		c.Error(err)
 	}
 	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", v.Root, TestHash[:3], TestHash)
 	if buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(p); err != nil {
-		t.Error(err)
+		c.Error(err)
 	} else if bytes.Compare(buf, TestBlock) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Write should have stored %s, did store %s",
+		c.Errorf("Write should have stored %s, did store %s",
 			string(TestBlock), string(buf))
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPutBadVolume(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestPutBadVolume(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	os.Chmod(v.Root, 000)
 	err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("Write should have failed")
+		c.Error("Write should have failed")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeReadonly(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, true)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeReadonly(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{ReadOnly: true, Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -183,34 +182,34 @@ func TestUnixVolumeReadonly(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 	_, err := v.Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("got err %v, expected nil", err)
+		c.Errorf("got err %v, expected nil", err)
 	}
 
 	err = v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != MethodDisabledError {
-		t.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
+		c.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
 	}
 
 	err = v.Touch(TestHash)
 	if err != MethodDisabledError {
-		t.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
+		c.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
 	}
 
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	if err != MethodDisabledError {
-		t.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
+		c.Errorf("got err %v, expected MethodDisabledError", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestIsFull(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestIsFull(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	fullPath := v.Root + "/full"
 	now := fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
 	os.Symlink(now, fullPath)
 	if !v.IsFull() {
-		t.Errorf("%s: claims not to be full", v)
+		c.Errorf("%s: claims not to be full", v)
 	}
 	os.Remove(fullPath)
 
@@ -218,32 +217,32 @@ func TestIsFull(t *testing.T) {
 	expired := fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix()-3605)
 	os.Symlink(expired, fullPath)
 	if v.IsFull() {
-		t.Errorf("%s: should no longer be full", v)
+		c.Errorf("%s: should no longer be full", v)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestNodeStatus(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestNodeStatus(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	// Get node status and make a basic sanity check.
 	volinfo := v.Status()
 	if volinfo.MountPoint != v.Root {
-		t.Errorf("GetNodeStatus mount_point %s, expected %s", volinfo.MountPoint, v.Root)
+		c.Errorf("GetNodeStatus mount_point %s, expected %s", volinfo.MountPoint, v.Root)
 	}
 	if volinfo.DeviceNum == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("uninitialized device_num in %v", volinfo)
+		c.Errorf("uninitialized device_num in %v", volinfo)
 	}
 	if volinfo.BytesFree == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("uninitialized bytes_free in %v", volinfo)
+		c.Errorf("uninitialized bytes_free in %v", volinfo)
 	}
 	if volinfo.BytesUsed == 0 {
-		t.Errorf("uninitialized bytes_used in %v", volinfo)
+		c.Errorf("uninitialized bytes_used in %v", volinfo)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerError(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerError(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -252,12 +251,12 @@ func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerError(t *testing.T) {
 		return mockErr
 	})
 	if err != mockErr {
-		t.Errorf("Got %v, expected %v", err, mockErr)
+		c.Errorf("Got %v, expected %v", err, mockErr)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncFileError(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeGetFuncFileError(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	funcCalled := false
@@ -266,15 +265,15 @@ func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncFileError(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil
 	})
 	if err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("Expected error opening non-existent file")
+		c.Errorf("Expected error opening non-existent file")
 	}
 	if funcCalled {
-		t.Errorf("Worker func should not have been called")
+		c.Errorf("Worker func should not have been called")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerWaitsOnMutex(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerWaitsOnMutex(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -290,55 +289,55 @@ func TestUnixVolumeGetFuncWorkerWaitsOnMutex(t *testing.T) {
 	select {
 	case mtx.AllowLock <- struct{}{}:
 	case <-funcCalled:
-		t.Fatal("Function was called before mutex was acquired")
+		c.Fatal("Function was called before mutex was acquired")
 	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Timed out before mutex was acquired")
+		c.Fatal("Timed out before mutex was acquired")
 	}
 	select {
 	case <-funcCalled:
 	case mtx.AllowUnlock <- struct{}{}:
-		t.Fatal("Mutex was released before function was called")
+		c.Fatal("Mutex was released before function was called")
 	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for funcCalled")
+		c.Fatal("Timed out waiting for funcCalled")
 	}
 	select {
 	case mtx.AllowUnlock <- struct{}{}:
 	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Timed out waiting for getFunc() to release mutex")
+		c.Fatal("Timed out waiting for getFunc() to release mutex")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeCompare(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeCompare(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	err := v.Compare(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Got err %q, expected nil", err)
+		c.Errorf("Got err %q, expected nil", err)
 	}
 
 	err = v.Compare(context.Background(), TestHash, []byte("baddata"))
 	if err != CollisionError {
-		t.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, CollisionError)
+		c.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, CollisionError)
 	}
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, []byte("baddata"))
 	err = v.Compare(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != DiskHashError {
-		t.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, DiskHashError)
+		c.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, DiskHashError)
 	}
 
 	p := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", v.Root, TestHash[:3], TestHash)
 	os.Chmod(p, 000)
 	err = v.Compare(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err == nil || strings.Index(err.Error(), "permission denied") < 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, "permission denied")
+		c.Errorf("Got err %q, expected %q", err, "permission denied")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeContextCancelPut(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, true, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeContextCancelPut(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, true)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 	v.locker.Lock()
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -350,19 +349,19 @@ func TestUnixVolumeContextCancelPut(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 	err := v.Put(ctx, TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != context.Canceled {
-		t.Errorf("Put() returned %s -- expected short read / canceled", err)
+		c.Errorf("Put() returned %s -- expected short read / canceled", err)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUnixVolumeContextCancelGet(t *testing.T) {
-	v := NewTestableUnixVolume(t, false, false)
+func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestUnixVolumeContextCancelGet(c *check.C) {
+	v := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 	bpath := v.blockPath(TestHash)
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
 	os.Remove(bpath)
 	err := syscall.Mkfifo(bpath, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Mkfifo %s: %s", bpath, err)
+		c.Fatalf("Mkfifo %s: %s", bpath, err)
 	}
 	defer os.Remove(bpath)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -373,35 +372,23 @@ func TestUnixVolumeContextCancelGet(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := make([]byte, len(TestBlock))
 	n, err := v.Get(ctx, TestHash, buf)
 	if n == len(TestBlock) || err != context.Canceled {
-		t.Errorf("Get() returned %d, %s -- expected short read / canceled", n, err)
-	}
-}
-
-var _ = check.Suite(&UnixVolumeSuite{})
-
-type UnixVolumeSuite struct {
-	volume *TestableUnixVolume
-}
-
-func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
-	if s.volume != nil {
-		s.volume.Teardown()
+		c.Errorf("Get() returned %d, %s -- expected short read / canceled", n, err)
 	}
 }
 
 func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestStats(c *check.C) {
-	s.volume = NewTestableUnixVolume(c, false, false)
+	vol := s.newTestableUnixVolume(c, s.cluster, arvados.Volume{Replication: 1}, s.metrics, false)
 	stats := func() string {
-		buf, err := json.Marshal(s.volume.InternalStats())
+		buf, err := json.Marshal(vol.InternalStats())
 		c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 		return string(buf)
 	}
 
-	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"StatOps":0,.*`)
+	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"StatOps":1,.*`) // (*UnixVolume)check() calls Stat() once
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"Errors":0,.*`)
 
 	loc := "acbd18db4cc2f85cedef654fccc4a4d8"
-	_, err := s.volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
+	_, err := vol.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
 	c.Check(err, check.NotNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"StatOps":[^0],.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"Errors":[^0],.*`)
@@ -410,39 +397,27 @@ func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestStats(c *check.C) {
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OpenOps":0,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"CreateOps":0,.*`)
 
-	err = s.volume.Put(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
+	err = vol.Put(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OutBytes":3,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"CreateOps":1,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OpenOps":0,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"UtimesOps":0,.*`)
 
-	err = s.volume.Touch(loc)
+	err = vol.Touch(loc)
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"FlockOps":1,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OpenOps":1,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"UtimesOps":1,.*`)
 
-	_, err = s.volume.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
+	_, err = vol.Get(context.Background(), loc, make([]byte, 3))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-	err = s.volume.Compare(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
+	err = vol.Compare(context.Background(), loc, []byte("foo"))
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"InBytes":6,.*`)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"OpenOps":3,.*`)
 
-	err = s.volume.Trash(loc)
+	err = vol.Trash(loc)
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(stats(), check.Matches, `.*"FlockOps":2,.*`)
 }
-
-func (s *UnixVolumeSuite) TestConfig(c *check.C) {
-	var cfg Config
-	err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(`
-Volumes:
-  - Type: Directory
-    StorageClasses: ["class_a", "class_b"]
-`), &cfg)
-
-	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-	c.Check(cfg.Volumes[0].GetStorageClasses(), check.DeepEquals, []string{"class_a", "class_b"})
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/usage.go b/services/keepstore/usage.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e83f6ce5..000000000
--- a/services/keepstore/usage.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) The Arvados Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ghodss/yaml"
-)
-
-func usage() {
-	c := DefaultConfig()
-	knownTypes := []string{}
-	for _, vt := range VolumeTypes {
-		c.Volumes = append(c.Volumes, vt().Examples()...)
-		knownTypes = append(knownTypes, vt().Type())
-	}
-	exampleConfigFile, err := yaml.Marshal(c)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(knownTypes)
-	knownTypeList := strings.Join(knownTypes, ", ")
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `
-
-keepstore provides a content-addressed data store backed by a local filesystem or networked storage.
-
-Usage: keepstore -config path/to/keepstore.yml
-       keepstore [OPTIONS] -dump-config
-
-NOTE: All options (other than -config) are deprecated in favor of YAML
-      configuration. Use -dump-config to translate existing
-      configurations to YAML format.
-
-Options:
-`)
-	flag.PrintDefaults()
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `
-Example config file:
-
-%s
-
-Listen:
-
-    Local port to listen on. Can be "address:port" or ":port", where
-    "address" is a host IP address or name and "port" is a port number
-    or name.
-
-LogFormat:
-
-    Format of request/response and error logs: "json" or "text".
-
-PIDFile:
-
-   Path to write PID file during startup. This file is kept open and
-   locked with LOCK_EX until keepstore exits, so "fuser -k pidfile" is
-   one way to shut down. Exit immediately if there is an error
-   opening, locking, or writing the PID file.
-
-MaxBuffers:
-
-    Maximum RAM to use for data buffers, given in multiples of block
-    size (64 MiB). When this limit is reached, HTTP requests requiring
-    buffers (like GET and PUT) will wait for buffer space to be
-    released.
-
-MaxRequests:
-
-    Maximum concurrent requests. When this limit is reached, new
-    requests will receive 503 responses. Note: this limit does not
-    include idle connections from clients using HTTP keepalive, so it
-    does not strictly limit the number of concurrent connections. If
-    omitted or zero, the default is 2 * MaxBuffers.
-
-BlobSigningKeyFile:
-
-    Local file containing the secret blob signing key (used to
-    generate and verify blob signatures).  This key should be
-    identical to the API server's blob_signing_key configuration
-    entry.
-
-RequireSignatures:
-
-    Honor read requests only if a valid signature is provided.  This
-    should be true, except for development use and when migrating from
-    a very old version.
-
-BlobSignatureTTL:
-
-    Duration for which new permission signatures (returned in PUT
-    responses) will be valid.  This should be equal to the API
-    server's blob_signature_ttl configuration entry.
-
-SystemAuthTokenFile:
-
-    Local file containing the Arvados API token used by keep-balance
-    or data manager.  Delete, trash, and index requests are honored
-    only for this token.
-
-EnableDelete:
-
-    Enable trash and delete features. If false, trash lists will be
-    accepted but blocks will not be trashed or deleted.
-
-TrashLifetime:
-
-    Time duration after a block is trashed during which it can be
-    recovered using an /untrash request.
-
-TrashCheckInterval:
-
-    How often to check for (and delete) trashed blocks whose
-    TrashLifetime has expired.
-
-TrashWorkers:
-
-    Maximum number of concurrent trash operations. Default is 1, i.e.,
-    trash lists are processed serially.
-
-EmptyTrashWorkers:
-
-    Maximum number of concurrent block deletion operations (per
-    volume) when emptying trash. Default is 1.
-
-PullWorkers:
-
-    Maximum number of concurrent pull operations. Default is 1, i.e.,
-    pull lists are processed serially.
-
-TLSCertificateFile:
-
-    Path to server certificate file in X509 format. Enables TLS mode.
-
-    Example: /var/lib/acme/live/keep0.example.com/fullchain
-
-TLSKeyFile:
-
-    Path to server key file in X509 format. Enables TLS mode.
-
-    The key pair is read from disk during startup, and whenever SIGHUP
-    is received.
-
-    Example: /var/lib/acme/live/keep0.example.com/privkey
-
-Volumes:
-
-    List of storage volumes. If omitted or empty, the default is to
-    use all directories named "keep" that exist in the top level
-    directory of a mount point at startup time.
-
-    Volume types: %s
-
-    (See volume configuration examples above.)
-
-`, exampleConfigFile, knownTypeList)
-}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/volume.go b/services/keepstore/volume.go
index 52b9b1b24..861435502 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/volume.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/volume.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type BlockWriter interface {
@@ -28,19 +29,12 @@ type BlockReader interface {
 	ReadBlock(ctx context.Context, loc string, w io.Writer) error
 }
 
+var driver = map[string]func(*arvados.Cluster, arvados.Volume, logrus.FieldLogger, *volumeMetricsVecs) (Volume, error){}
+
 // A Volume is an interface representing a Keep back-end storage unit:
 // for example, a single mounted disk, a RAID array, an Amazon S3 volume,
 // etc.
 type Volume interface {
-	// Volume type as specified in config file. Examples: "S3",
-	// "Directory".
-	Type() string
-
-	// Do whatever private setup tasks and configuration checks
-	// are needed. Return non-nil if the volume is unusable (e.g.,
-	// invalid config).
-	Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error
-
 	// Get a block: copy the block data into buf, and return the
 	// number of bytes copied.
 	//
@@ -222,29 +216,13 @@ type Volume interface {
 	// secrets.
 	String() string
 
-	// Writable returns false if all future Put, Mtime, and Delete
-	// calls are expected to fail.
-	//
-	// If the volume is only temporarily unwritable -- or if Put
-	// will fail because it is full, but Mtime or Delete can
-	// succeed -- then Writable should return false.
-	Writable() bool
-
-	// Replication returns the storage redundancy of the
-	// underlying device. It will be passed on to clients in
-	// responses to PUT requests.
-	Replication() int
-
 	// EmptyTrash looks for trashed blocks that exceeded TrashLifetime
 	// and deletes them from the volume.
 	EmptyTrash()
 
 	// Return a globally unique ID of the underlying storage
 	// device if possible, otherwise "".
-	DeviceID() string
-
-	// Get the storage classes associated with this volume
-	GetStorageClasses() []string
+	GetDeviceID() string
 }
 
 // A VolumeWithExamples provides example configs to display in the
@@ -260,24 +238,24 @@ type VolumeManager interface {
 	// Mounts returns all mounts (volume attachments).
 	Mounts() []*VolumeMount
 
-	// Lookup returns the volume under the given mount
-	// UUID. Returns nil if the mount does not exist. If
-	// write==true, returns nil if the volume is not writable.
-	Lookup(uuid string, write bool) Volume
+	// Lookup returns the mount with the given UUID. Returns nil
+	// if the mount does not exist. If write==true, returns nil if
+	// the mount is not writable.
+	Lookup(uuid string, write bool) *VolumeMount
 
-	// AllReadable returns all volumes.
-	AllReadable() []Volume
+	// AllReadable returns all mounts.
+	AllReadable() []*VolumeMount
 
-	// AllWritable returns all volumes that aren't known to be in
+	// AllWritable returns all mounts that aren't known to be in
 	// a read-only state. (There is no guarantee that a write to
 	// one will succeed, though.)
-	AllWritable() []Volume
+	AllWritable() []*VolumeMount
 
 	// NextWritable returns the volume where the next new block
 	// should be written. A VolumeManager can select a volume in
 	// order to distribute activity across spindles, fill up disks
 	// with more free space, etc.
-	NextWritable() Volume
+	NextWritable() *VolumeMount
 
 	// VolumeStats returns the ioStats used for tracking stats for
 	// the given Volume.
@@ -290,7 +268,7 @@ type VolumeManager interface {
 // A VolumeMount is an attachment of a Volume to a VolumeManager.
 type VolumeMount struct {
 	arvados.KeepMount
-	volume Volume
+	Volume
 }
 
 // Generate a UUID the way API server would for a "KeepVolumeMount"
@@ -314,68 +292,85 @@ func (*VolumeMount) generateUUID() string {
 type RRVolumeManager struct {
 	mounts    []*VolumeMount
 	mountMap  map[string]*VolumeMount
-	readables []Volume
-	writables []Volume
+	readables []*VolumeMount
+	writables []*VolumeMount
 	counter   uint32
 	iostats   map[Volume]*ioStats
 }
 
-// MakeRRVolumeManager initializes RRVolumeManager
-func MakeRRVolumeManager(volumes []Volume) *RRVolumeManager {
+func makeRRVolumeManager(logger logrus.FieldLogger, cluster *arvados.Cluster, myURL arvados.URL, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) (*RRVolumeManager, error) {
 	vm := &RRVolumeManager{
 		iostats: make(map[Volume]*ioStats),
 	}
 	vm.mountMap = make(map[string]*VolumeMount)
-	for _, v := range volumes {
-		sc := v.GetStorageClasses()
+	for uuid, cfgvol := range cluster.Volumes {
+		va, ok := cfgvol.AccessViaHosts[myURL]
+		if !ok && len(cfgvol.AccessViaHosts) > 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		dri, ok := driver[cfgvol.Driver]
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("volume %s: invalid driver %q", uuid, cfgvol.Driver)
+		}
+		vol, err := dri(cluster, cfgvol, logger, metrics)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing volume %s: %s", uuid, err)
+		}
+		logger.Printf("started volume %s (%s), ReadOnly=%v", uuid, vol, cfgvol.ReadOnly)
+
+		sc := cfgvol.StorageClasses
 		if len(sc) == 0 {
-			sc = []string{"default"}
+			sc = map[string]bool{"default": true}
+		}
+		repl := cfgvol.Replication
+		if repl < 1 {
+			repl = 1
 		}
 		mnt := &VolumeMount{
 			KeepMount: arvados.KeepMount{
-				UUID:           (*VolumeMount)(nil).generateUUID(),
-				DeviceID:       v.DeviceID(),
-				ReadOnly:       !v.Writable(),
-				Replication:    v.Replication(),
+				UUID:           uuid,
+				DeviceID:       vol.GetDeviceID(),
+				ReadOnly:       cfgvol.ReadOnly || va.ReadOnly,
+				Replication:    repl,
 				StorageClasses: sc,
 			},
-			volume: v,
+			Volume: vol,
 		}
-		vm.iostats[v] = &ioStats{}
+		vm.iostats[vol] = &ioStats{}
 		vm.mounts = append(vm.mounts, mnt)
-		vm.mountMap[mnt.UUID] = mnt
-		vm.readables = append(vm.readables, v)
-		if v.Writable() {
-			vm.writables = append(vm.writables, v)
+		vm.mountMap[uuid] = mnt
+		vm.readables = append(vm.readables, mnt)
+		if !mnt.KeepMount.ReadOnly {
+			vm.writables = append(vm.writables, mnt)
 		}
 	}
-	return vm
+	return vm, nil
 }
 
 func (vm *RRVolumeManager) Mounts() []*VolumeMount {
 	return vm.mounts
 }
 
-func (vm *RRVolumeManager) Lookup(uuid string, needWrite bool) Volume {
+func (vm *RRVolumeManager) Lookup(uuid string, needWrite bool) *VolumeMount {
 	if mnt, ok := vm.mountMap[uuid]; ok && (!needWrite || !mnt.ReadOnly) {
-		return mnt.volume
+		return mnt
 	} else {
 		return nil
 	}
 }
 
 // AllReadable returns an array of all readable volumes
-func (vm *RRVolumeManager) AllReadable() []Volume {
+func (vm *RRVolumeManager) AllReadable() []*VolumeMount {
 	return vm.readables
 }
 
 // AllWritable returns an array of all writable volumes
-func (vm *RRVolumeManager) AllWritable() []Volume {
+func (vm *RRVolumeManager) AllWritable() []*VolumeMount {
 	return vm.writables
 }
 
 // NextWritable returns the next writable
-func (vm *RRVolumeManager) NextWritable() Volume {
+func (vm *RRVolumeManager) NextWritable() *VolumeMount {
 	if len(vm.writables) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
diff --git a/services/keepstore/volume_generic_test.go b/services/keepstore/volume_generic_test.go
index d5a413693..683521c01 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/volume_generic_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/volume_generic_test.go
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ import (
 
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
 	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvadostest"
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/ctxlog"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type TB interface {
@@ -37,65 +39,96 @@ type TB interface {
 // A TestableVolumeFactory returns a new TestableVolume. The factory
 // function, and the TestableVolume it returns, can use "t" to write
 // logs, fail the current test, etc.
-type TestableVolumeFactory func(t TB) TestableVolume
+type TestableVolumeFactory func(t TB, cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) TestableVolume
 
 // DoGenericVolumeTests runs a set of tests that every TestableVolume
 // is expected to pass. It calls factory to create a new TestableVolume
 // for each test case, to avoid leaking state between tests.
-func DoGenericVolumeTests(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	testGet(t, factory)
-	testGetNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+func DoGenericVolumeTests(t TB, readonly bool, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	var s genericVolumeSuite
+	s.volume.ReadOnly = readonly
 
-	testCompareNonexistent(t, factory)
-	testCompareSameContent(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
-	testCompareSameContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
-	testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-	testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, EmptyBlock)
-	testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, TestBlock)
-	testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
-	testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, EmptyBlock)
-	testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, []byte("baddata"))
+	s.testGet(t, factory)
+	s.testGetNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
 
-	testPutBlockWithSameContent(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
-	testPutBlockWithSameContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
-	testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0], arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[1])
-	testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, EmptyBlock, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0])
-	testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0], EmptyBlock)
-	testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0])
-	testPutMultipleBlocks(t, factory)
+	s.testCompareNonexistent(t, factory)
+	s.testCompareSameContent(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
+	s.testCompareSameContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
+	s.testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
+	s.testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, EmptyBlock)
+	s.testCompareWithCollision(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, TestBlock)
+	s.testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, []byte("baddata"))
+	s.testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock, EmptyBlock)
+	s.testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, []byte("baddata"))
 
-	testPutAndTouch(t, factory)
-	testTouchNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+	if !readonly {
+		s.testPutBlockWithSameContent(t, factory, TestHash, TestBlock)
+		s.testPutBlockWithSameContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock)
+		s.testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0], arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[1])
+		s.testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, EmptyBlock, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0])
+		s.testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, arvadostest.MD5CollisionMD5, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0], EmptyBlock)
+		s.testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t, factory, EmptyHash, EmptyBlock, arvadostest.MD5CollisionData[0])
+		s.testPutMultipleBlocks(t, factory)
 
-	testMtimeNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+		s.testPutAndTouch(t, factory)
+	}
+	s.testTouchNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+
+	s.testMtimeNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+
+	s.testIndexTo(t, factory)
 
-	testIndexTo(t, factory)
+	if !readonly {
+		s.testDeleteNewBlock(t, factory)
+		s.testDeleteOldBlock(t, factory)
+	}
+	s.testDeleteNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
 
-	testDeleteNewBlock(t, factory)
-	testDeleteOldBlock(t, factory)
-	testDeleteNoSuchBlock(t, factory)
+	s.testStatus(t, factory)
 
-	testStatus(t, factory)
+	s.testMetrics(t, readonly, factory)
 
-	testMetrics(t, factory)
+	s.testString(t, factory)
 
-	testString(t, factory)
+	if readonly {
+		s.testUpdateReadOnly(t, factory)
+	}
 
-	testUpdateReadOnly(t, factory)
+	s.testGetConcurrent(t, factory)
+	if !readonly {
+		s.testPutConcurrent(t, factory)
 
-	testGetConcurrent(t, factory)
-	testPutConcurrent(t, factory)
+		s.testPutFullBlock(t, factory)
+	}
 
-	testPutFullBlock(t, factory)
+	s.testTrashUntrash(t, readonly, factory)
+	s.testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t, factory)
+}
+
+type genericVolumeSuite struct {
+	cluster  *arvados.Cluster
+	volume   arvados.Volume
+	logger   logrus.FieldLogger
+	metrics  *volumeMetricsVecs
+	registry *prometheus.Registry
+}
+
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) setup(t TB) {
+	s.cluster = testCluster(t)
+	s.logger = ctxlog.TestLogger(t)
+	s.registry = prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	s.metrics = newVolumeMetricsVecs(s.registry)
+}
 
-	testTrashUntrash(t, factory)
-	testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t, factory)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) newVolume(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) TestableVolume {
+	return factory(t, s.cluster, s.volume, s.logger, s.metrics)
 }
 
 // Put a test block, get it and verify content
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testGet(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testGet(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -113,8 +146,9 @@ func testGet(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Invoke get on a block that does not exist in volume; should result in error
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testGetNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testGetNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
@@ -126,8 +160,9 @@ func testGetNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 // Compare() should return os.ErrNotExist if the block does not exist.
 // Otherwise, writing new data causes CompareAndTouch() to generate
 // error logs even though everything is working fine.
-func testCompareNonexistent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testCompareNonexistent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	err := v.Compare(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -138,8 +173,9 @@ func testCompareNonexistent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Put a test block and compare the locator with same content
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testCompareSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testData []byte) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testCompareSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testData []byte) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(testHash, testData)
@@ -156,8 +192,9 @@ func testCompareSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string
 // testHash = md5(testDataA).
 //
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testCompareWithCollision(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testCompareWithCollision(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(testHash, testDataA)
@@ -173,8 +210,9 @@ func testCompareWithCollision(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash stri
 // corrupted. Requires testHash = md5(testDataA) != md5(testDataB).
 //
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, testDataB)
@@ -187,14 +225,11 @@ func testCompareWithCorruptStoredData(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testH
 
 // Put a block and put again with same content
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testPutBlockWithSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testData []byte) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutBlockWithSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testData []byte) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
-
 	err := v.Put(context.Background(), testHash, testData)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Got err putting block %q: %q, expected nil", TestBlock, err)
@@ -208,14 +243,11 @@ func testPutBlockWithSameContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash s
 
 // Put a block and put again with different content
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testHash string, testDataA, testDataB []byte) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
-
 	v.PutRaw(testHash, testDataA)
 
 	putErr := v.Put(context.Background(), testHash, testDataB)
@@ -239,14 +271,11 @@ func testPutBlockWithDifferentContent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory, testH
 
 // Put and get multiple blocks
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testPutMultipleBlocks(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutMultipleBlocks(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
-
 	err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Got err putting block %q: %q, expected nil", TestBlock, err)
@@ -295,14 +324,11 @@ func testPutMultipleBlocks(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 //   Test that when applying PUT to a block that already exists,
 //   the block's modification time is updated.
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testPutAndTouch(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutAndTouch(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
-
 	if err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
@@ -337,8 +363,9 @@ func testPutAndTouch(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Touching a non-existing block should result in error.
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testTouchNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testTouchNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	if err := v.Touch(TestHash); err == nil {
@@ -348,8 +375,9 @@ func testTouchNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Invoking Mtime on a non-existing block should result in error.
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testMtimeNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testMtimeNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	if _, err := v.Mtime("12345678901234567890123456789012"); err == nil {
@@ -362,8 +390,9 @@ func testMtimeNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 // * with a prefix
 // * with no such prefix
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testIndexTo(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testIndexTo(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	// minMtime and maxMtime are the minimum and maximum
@@ -437,14 +466,11 @@ func testIndexTo(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 // Calling Delete() for a block immediately after writing it (not old enough)
 // should neither delete the data nor return an error.
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testDeleteNewBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testDeleteNewBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Set("5m")
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Set("5m")
-
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 
@@ -463,17 +489,14 @@ func testDeleteNewBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 // Calling Delete() for a block with a timestamp older than
 // BlobSignatureTTL seconds in the past should delete the data.
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testDeleteOldBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testDeleteOldBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Set("5m")
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
-	theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Set("5m")
-
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
 
 	v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	if err := v.Trash(TestHash); err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
@@ -507,8 +530,9 @@ func testDeleteOldBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Calling Delete() for a block that does not exist should result in error.
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testDeleteNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testDeleteNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	if err := v.Trash(TestHash2); err == nil {
@@ -518,8 +542,9 @@ func testDeleteNoSuchBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Invoke Status and verify that VolumeStatus is returned
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testStatus(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testStatus(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	// Get node status and make a basic sanity check.
@@ -544,19 +569,14 @@ func getValueFrom(cv *prometheus.CounterVec, lbls prometheus.Labels) float64 {
 	return pb.GetCounter().GetValue()
 }
 
-func testMetrics(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testMetrics(t TB, readonly bool, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	var err error
 
-	v := factory(t)
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
-	reg := prometheus.NewRegistry()
-	vm := newVolumeMetricsVecs(reg)
 
-	err = v.Start(vm)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("Failed Start(): ", err)
-	}
-	opsC, _, ioC := vm.getCounterVecsFor(prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.DeviceID()})
+	opsC, _, ioC := s.metrics.getCounterVecsFor(prometheus.Labels{"device_id": v.GetDeviceID()})
 
 	if ioC == nil {
 		t.Error("ioBytes CounterVec is nil")
@@ -580,7 +600,7 @@ func testMetrics(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	readOpCounter = getValueFrom(opsC, prometheus.Labels{"operation": readOpType})
 
 	// Test Put if volume is writable
-	if v.Writable() {
+	if !readonly {
 		err = v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Got err putting block %q: %q, expected nil", TestBlock, err)
@@ -617,8 +637,9 @@ func testMetrics(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Invoke String for the volume; expect non-empty result
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testString(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testString(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	if id := v.String(); len(id) == 0 {
@@ -628,14 +649,11 @@ func testString(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Putting, updating, touching, and deleting blocks from a read-only volume result in error.
 // Test is intended for only read-only volumes
-func testUpdateReadOnly(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testUpdateReadOnly(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == true {
-		return
-	}
-
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
 	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 
@@ -676,8 +694,9 @@ func testUpdateReadOnly(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Launch concurrent Gets
 // Test should pass for both writable and read-only volumes
-func testGetConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testGetConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -729,14 +748,11 @@ func testGetConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 // Launch concurrent Puts
 // Test is intended for only writable volumes
-func testPutConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if v.Writable() == false {
-		return
-	}
-
 	sem := make(chan int)
 	go func(sem chan int) {
 		err := v.Put(context.Background(), TestHash, TestBlock)
@@ -795,14 +811,11 @@ func testPutConcurrent(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 }
 
 // Write and read back a full size block
-func testPutFullBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testPutFullBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
 
-	if !v.Writable() {
-		return
-	}
-
 	wdata := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 	wdata[0] = 'a'
 	wdata[BlockSize-1] = 'z'
@@ -825,18 +838,15 @@ func testPutFullBlock(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 // Trash an old block - which either raises ErrNotImplemented or succeeds
 // Untrash -  which either raises ErrNotImplemented or succeeds
 // Get - which must succeed
-func testTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testTrashUntrash(t TB, readonly bool, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1h")
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
-	defer func() {
-		theConfig.TrashLifetime = 0
-	}()
-
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1h")
 
 	// put block and backdate it
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
 	n, err := v.Get(context.Background(), TestHash, buf)
@@ -849,7 +859,7 @@ func testTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 	// Trash
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
-	if v.Writable() == false {
+	if readonly {
 		if err != MethodDisabledError {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -880,12 +890,10 @@ func testTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	}
 }
 
-func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
-	v := factory(t)
+func (s *genericVolumeSuite) testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
+	s.setup(t)
+	v := s.newVolume(t, factory)
 	defer v.Teardown()
-	defer func(orig arvados.Duration) {
-		theConfig.TrashLifetime = orig
-	}(theConfig.TrashLifetime)
 
 	checkGet := func() error {
 		buf := make([]byte, BlockSize)
@@ -918,10 +926,10 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 
 	// First set: EmptyTrash before reaching the trash deadline.
 
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1h")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1h")
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	err := checkGet()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -966,7 +974,7 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	}
 
 	// Because we Touch'ed, need to backdate again for next set of tests
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	// If the only block in the trash has already been untrashed,
 	// most volumes will fail a subsequent Untrash with a 404, but
@@ -984,11 +992,11 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	}
 
 	// Untrash might have updated the timestamp, so backdate again
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	// Second set: EmptyTrash after the trash deadline has passed.
 
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
 
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1013,7 +1021,7 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	// Trash it again, and this time call EmptyTrash so it really
 	// goes away.
 	// (In Azure volumes, un/trash changes Mtime, so first backdate again)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 	_ = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	err = checkGet()
 	if err == nil || !os.IsNotExist(err) {
@@ -1038,9 +1046,9 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	// un-trashed copy doesn't get deleted along with it.
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -1051,7 +1059,7 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	}
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
 	// EmptyTrash should not delete the untrashed copy.
 	v.EmptyTrash()
@@ -1066,18 +1074,18 @@ func testTrashEmptyTrashUntrash(t TB, factory TestableVolumeFactory) {
 	// untrash the block whose deadline is "C".
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1ns")
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	v.PutRaw(TestHash, TestBlock)
-	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL.Duration()))
+	v.TouchWithDate(TestHash, time.Now().Add(-2*s.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL.Duration()))
 
-	theConfig.TrashLifetime.Set("1h")
+	s.cluster.Collections.BlobTrashLifetime.Set("1h")
 	err = v.Trash(TestHash)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
diff --git a/services/keepstore/volume_test.go b/services/keepstore/volume_test.go
index 0b8af330f..62582d309 100644
--- a/services/keepstore/volume_test.go
+++ b/services/keepstore/volume_test.go
@@ -15,6 +15,28 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.curoverse.com/arvados.git/sdk/go/arvados"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var (
+	TestBlock       = []byte("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.")
+	TestHash        = "e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0"
+	TestHashPutResp = "e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0+44\n"
+
+	TestBlock2 = []byte("Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.")
+	TestHash2  = "f15ac516f788aec4f30932ffb6395c39"
+
+	TestBlock3 = []byte("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country.")
+	TestHash3  = "eed29bbffbc2dbe5e5ee0bb71888e61f"
+
+	// BadBlock is used to test collisions and corruption.
+	// It must not match any test hashes.
+	BadBlock = []byte("The magic words are squeamish ossifrage.")
+
+	EmptyHash  = "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e"
+	EmptyBlock = []byte("")
 )
 
 // A TestableVolume allows test suites to manipulate the state of an
@@ -38,6 +60,10 @@ type TestableVolume interface {
 	Teardown()
 }
 
+func init() {
+	driver["mock"] = newMockVolume
+}
+
 // MockVolumes are test doubles for Volumes, used to test handlers.
 type MockVolume struct {
 	Store      map[string][]byte
@@ -51,10 +77,6 @@ type MockVolume struct {
 	// that has been Put().
 	Touchable bool
 
-	// Readonly volumes return an error for Put, Delete, and
-	// Touch.
-	Readonly bool
-
 	// Gate is a "starting gate", allowing test cases to pause
 	// volume operations long enough to inspect state. Every
 	// operation (except Status) starts by receiving from
@@ -62,15 +84,19 @@ type MockVolume struct {
 	// channel unblocks all operations. By default, Gate is a
 	// closed channel, so all operations proceed without
 	// blocking. See trash_worker_test.go for an example.
-	Gate chan struct{}
-
-	called map[string]int
-	mutex  sync.Mutex
+	Gate chan struct{} `json:"-"`
+
+	cluster *arvados.Cluster
+	volume  arvados.Volume
+	logger  logrus.FieldLogger
+	metrics *volumeMetricsVecs
+	called  map[string]int
+	mutex   sync.Mutex
 }
 
-// CreateMockVolume returns a non-Bad, non-Readonly, Touchable mock
+// newMockVolume returns a non-Bad, non-Readonly, Touchable mock
 // volume.
-func CreateMockVolume() *MockVolume {
+func newMockVolume(cluster *arvados.Cluster, volume arvados.Volume, logger logrus.FieldLogger, metrics *volumeMetricsVecs) (Volume, error) {
 	gate := make(chan struct{})
 	close(gate)
 	return &MockVolume{
@@ -78,10 +104,13 @@ func CreateMockVolume() *MockVolume {
 		Timestamps: make(map[string]time.Time),
 		Bad:        false,
 		Touchable:  true,
-		Readonly:   false,
 		called:     map[string]int{},
 		Gate:       gate,
-	}
+		cluster:    cluster,
+		volume:     volume,
+		logger:     logger,
+		metrics:    metrics,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // CallCount returns how many times the named method has been called.
@@ -141,7 +170,7 @@ func (v *MockVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 	if v.Bad {
 		return v.BadVolumeError
 	}
-	if v.Readonly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	v.Store[loc] = block
@@ -151,7 +180,7 @@ func (v *MockVolume) Put(ctx context.Context, loc string, block []byte) error {
 func (v *MockVolume) Touch(loc string) error {
 	v.gotCall("Touch")
 	<-v.Gate
-	if v.Readonly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	if v.Touchable {
@@ -195,11 +224,11 @@ func (v *MockVolume) IndexTo(prefix string, w io.Writer) error {
 func (v *MockVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 	v.gotCall("Delete")
 	<-v.Gate
-	if v.Readonly {
+	if v.volume.ReadOnly {
 		return MethodDisabledError
 	}
 	if _, ok := v.Store[loc]; ok {
-		if time.Since(v.Timestamps[loc]) < time.Duration(theConfig.BlobSignatureTTL) {
+		if time.Since(v.Timestamps[loc]) < time.Duration(v.cluster.Collections.BlobSigningTTL) {
 			return nil
 		}
 		delete(v.Store, loc)
@@ -208,18 +237,10 @@ func (v *MockVolume) Trash(loc string) error {
 	return os.ErrNotExist
 }
 
-func (v *MockVolume) DeviceID() string {
+func (v *MockVolume) GetDeviceID() string {
 	return "mock-device-id"
 }
 
-func (v *MockVolume) Type() string {
-	return "Mock"
-}
-
-func (v *MockVolume) Start(vm *volumeMetricsVecs) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (v *MockVolume) Untrash(loc string) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -236,14 +257,6 @@ func (v *MockVolume) String() string {
 	return "[MockVolume]"
 }
 
-func (v *MockVolume) Writable() bool {
-	return !v.Readonly
-}
-
-func (v *MockVolume) Replication() int {
-	return 1
-}
-
 func (v *MockVolume) EmptyTrash() {
 }
 

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