[arvados] updated: 2.6.2-4-gddf903edf

git repository hosting git at public.arvados.org
Fri May 26 14:55:29 UTC 2023


Summary of changes:
 doc/admin/upgrading.html.textile.liquid           |  15 ++
 doc/sdk/python/api-client.html.textile.liquid     |  15 +-
 lib/controller/integration_test.go                |  28 ++-
 lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue.go          |  26 ++-
 lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue_test.go     | 208 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 sdk/cwl/arvados_cwl/__init__.py                   |  29 ++-
 sdk/go/arvados/client.go                          |  11 +-
 sdk/go/arvados/limiter.go                         |  12 +-
 sdk/go/arvados/limiter_test.go                    |  16 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/api.py                         |  90 ++++++----
 sdk/python/arvados/collection.py                  |   4 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/_util.py              |   4 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/arv_copy.py           |  10 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/federation_migrate.py |  10 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/get.py                |   2 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/keepdocker.py         |   2 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/ls.py                 |   2 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/put.py                |   2 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/commands/ws.py                 |   5 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/keep.py                        |   4 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/retry.py                       |   6 +-
 sdk/python/arvados/stream.py                      |   2 +-
 sdk/python/tests/arvados_testutil.py              |   4 +-
 sdk/python/tests/test_api.py                      | 197 ++++++++++++--------
 sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py                  |   4 +-
 sdk/python/tests/test_collections.py              |   4 +-
 sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py              |  93 +++++++---
 sdk/python/tests/test_retry.py                    |   4 +-
 sdk/python/tests/test_retry_job_helpers.py        |   2 +-
 sdk/python/tests/test_stream.py                   |   7 -
 services/fuse/arvados_fuse/command.py             |   3 +
 services/fuse/tests/test_command_args.py          |   2 +-
 services/fuse/tests/test_retry.py                 |   4 +-
 33 files changed, 615 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-)

       via  ddf903edff243796522dedac0a48f9726748cf02 (commit)
       via  cb5c0bedf02b989ed96b5b8b47eb8f23a7113aeb (commit)
      from  036eddeed06d5efcf68e8ea20aa8b6cc9269287e (commit)

Those revisions listed above that are new to this repository have
not appeared on any other notification email; so we list those
revisions in full, below.


commit ddf903edff243796522dedac0a48f9726748cf02
Author: Tom Clegg <tom at curii.com>
Date:   Fri May 26 10:29:16 2023 -0400

    Merge branch '20511-aborted-boot'
    
    refs #20511
    
    Arvados-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Tom Clegg <tom at curii.com>

diff --git a/lib/controller/integration_test.go b/lib/controller/integration_test.go
index 12fc50089..0557aa3fd 100644
--- a/lib/controller/integration_test.go
+++ b/lib/controller/integration_test.go
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestCreateContainerRequestWithFedToken(c *check.C) {
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "OAuth2 "+ac2.AuthToken)
 	resp, err = arvados.InsecureHTTPClient.Do(req)
 	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
 	err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&cr)
 	c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
 	c.Check(cr.UUID, check.Matches, "z2222-.*")
@@ -538,8 +539,10 @@ func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestCreateContainerRequestWithBadToken(c *check.C) {
 		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		resp, err := ac1.Do(req)
-		c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-		c.Assert(resp.StatusCode, check.Equals, tt.expectedCode)
+		if c.Check(err, check.IsNil) {
+			c.Assert(resp.StatusCode, check.Equals, tt.expectedCode)
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -607,9 +610,11 @@ func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestRequestIDHeader(c *check.C) {
 			var jresp httpserver.ErrorResponse
 			err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&jresp)
 			c.Check(err, check.IsNil)
-			c.Assert(jresp.Errors, check.HasLen, 1)
-			c.Check(jresp.Errors[0], check.Matches, `.*\(`+respHdr+`\).*`)
+			if c.Check(jresp.Errors, check.HasLen, 1) {
+				c.Check(jresp.Errors[0], check.Matches, `.*\(`+respHdr+`\).*`)
+			}
 		}
+		resp.Body.Close()
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue.go b/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue.go
index 8f4c2e083..dcb348878 100644
--- a/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue.go
+++ b/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue.go
@@ -16,12 +16,25 @@ import (
 var quietAfter503 = time.Minute
 
 func (sch *Scheduler) runQueue() {
+	running := sch.pool.Running()
+	unalloc := sch.pool.Unallocated()
+
 	unsorted, _ := sch.queue.Entries()
 	sorted := make([]container.QueueEnt, 0, len(unsorted))
 	for _, ent := range unsorted {
 		sorted = append(sorted, ent)
 	}
 	sort.Slice(sorted, func(i, j int) bool {
+		_, irunning := running[sorted[i].Container.UUID]
+		_, jrunning := running[sorted[j].Container.UUID]
+		if irunning != jrunning {
+			// Ensure the "tryrun" loop (see below) sees
+			// already-scheduled containers first, to
+			// ensure existing supervisor containers are
+			// properly counted before we decide whether
+			// we have room for new ones.
+			return irunning
+		}
 		ilocked := sorted[i].Container.State == arvados.ContainerStateLocked
 		jlocked := sorted[j].Container.State == arvados.ContainerStateLocked
 		if ilocked != jlocked {
@@ -46,9 +59,6 @@ func (sch *Scheduler) runQueue() {
 		}
 	})
 
-	running := sch.pool.Running()
-	unalloc := sch.pool.Unallocated()
-
 	if t := sch.client.Last503(); t.After(sch.last503time) {
 		// API has sent an HTTP 503 response since last time
 		// we checked. Use current #containers - 1 as
@@ -120,8 +130,7 @@ tryrun:
 		case arvados.ContainerStateQueued:
 			if sch.maxConcurrency > 0 && trying >= sch.maxConcurrency {
 				logger.Tracef("not locking: already at maxConcurrency %d", sch.maxConcurrency)
-				overquota = sorted[i:]
-				break tryrun
+				continue
 			}
 			trying++
 			if unalloc[it] < 1 && sch.pool.AtQuota() {
@@ -137,9 +146,8 @@ tryrun:
 			unalloc[it]--
 		case arvados.ContainerStateLocked:
 			if sch.maxConcurrency > 0 && trying >= sch.maxConcurrency {
-				logger.Debugf("not starting: already at maxConcurrency %d", sch.maxConcurrency)
-				overquota = sorted[i:]
-				break tryrun
+				logger.Tracef("not starting: already at maxConcurrency %d", sch.maxConcurrency)
+				continue
 			}
 			trying++
 			if unalloc[it] > 0 {
@@ -206,6 +214,8 @@ tryrun:
 				}
 			}
 		}
+	}
+	if len(overquota) > 0 {
 		// Shut down idle workers that didn't get any
 		// containers mapped onto them before we hit quota.
 		for it, n := range unalloc {
diff --git a/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue_test.go b/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue_test.go
index 3278c7de6..73602f810 100644
--- a/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue_test.go
+++ b/lib/dispatchcloud/scheduler/run_queue_test.go
@@ -278,6 +278,214 @@ func (*SchedulerSuite) TestShutdownAtQuota(c *check.C) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Don't unlock containers or shutdown unalloc (booting/idle) nodes
+// just because some 503 errors caused us to reduce maxConcurrency
+// below the current load level.
+//
+// We expect to raise maxConcurrency soon when we stop seeing 503s. If
+// that doesn't happen soon, the idle timeout will take care of the
+// excess nodes.
+func (*SchedulerSuite) TestIdleIn503QuietPeriod(c *check.C) {
+	ctx := ctxlog.Context(context.Background(), ctxlog.TestLogger(c))
+	queue := test.Queue{
+		ChooseType: chooseType,
+		Containers: []arvados.Container{
+			// scheduled on an instance (but not Running yet)
+			{
+				UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(1),
+				Priority: 1000,
+				State:    arvados.ContainerStateLocked,
+				RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+					VCPUs: 2,
+					RAM:   2 << 30,
+				},
+			},
+			// not yet scheduled
+			{
+				UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(2),
+				Priority: 1000,
+				State:    arvados.ContainerStateLocked,
+				RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+					VCPUs: 2,
+					RAM:   2 << 30,
+				},
+			},
+			// scheduled on an instance (but not Running yet)
+			{
+				UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(3),
+				Priority: 1000,
+				State:    arvados.ContainerStateLocked,
+				RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+					VCPUs: 3,
+					RAM:   3 << 30,
+				},
+			},
+			// not yet scheduled
+			{
+				UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(4),
+				Priority: 1000,
+				State:    arvados.ContainerStateLocked,
+				RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+					VCPUs: 3,
+					RAM:   3 << 30,
+				},
+			},
+			// not yet locked
+			{
+				UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(5),
+				Priority: 1000,
+				State:    arvados.ContainerStateQueued,
+				RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+					VCPUs: 3,
+					RAM:   3 << 30,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	queue.Update()
+	pool := stubPool{
+		quota: 16,
+		unalloc: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 2,
+			test.InstanceType(3): 2,
+		},
+		idle: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 1,
+			test.InstanceType(3): 1,
+		},
+		running: map[string]time.Time{
+			test.ContainerUUID(1): {},
+			test.ContainerUUID(3): {},
+		},
+		creates:   []arvados.InstanceType{},
+		starts:    []string{},
+		canCreate: 0,
+	}
+	sch := New(ctx, arvados.NewClientFromEnv(), &queue, &pool, nil, time.Millisecond, time.Millisecond, 0)
+	sch.last503time = time.Now()
+	sch.maxConcurrency = 3
+	sch.sync()
+	sch.runQueue()
+	sch.sync()
+
+	c.Check(pool.starts, check.DeepEquals, []string{test.ContainerUUID(2)})
+	c.Check(pool.shutdowns, check.Equals, 0)
+	c.Check(pool.creates, check.HasLen, 0)
+	c.Check(queue.StateChanges(), check.HasLen, 0)
+}
+
+// If we somehow have more supervisor containers in Locked state than
+// we should (e.g., config changed since they started), and some
+// appropriate-sized instances booting up, unlock the excess
+// supervisor containers, but let the instances keep booting.
+func (*SchedulerSuite) TestUnlockExcessSupervisors(c *check.C) {
+	ctx := ctxlog.Context(context.Background(), ctxlog.TestLogger(c))
+	queue := test.Queue{
+		ChooseType: chooseType,
+	}
+	for i := 1; i <= 6; i++ {
+		queue.Containers = append(queue.Containers, arvados.Container{
+			UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(i),
+			Priority: int64(1000 - i),
+			State:    arvados.ContainerStateLocked,
+			RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+				VCPUs: 2,
+				RAM:   2 << 30,
+			},
+			SchedulingParameters: arvados.SchedulingParameters{
+				Supervisor: true,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	queue.Update()
+	pool := stubPool{
+		quota: 16,
+		unalloc: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 2,
+		},
+		idle: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 1,
+		},
+		running: map[string]time.Time{
+			test.ContainerUUID(1): {},
+			test.ContainerUUID(2): {},
+			test.ContainerUUID(3): {},
+			test.ContainerUUID(4): {},
+		},
+		creates:   []arvados.InstanceType{},
+		starts:    []string{},
+		canCreate: 0,
+	}
+	sch := New(ctx, arvados.NewClientFromEnv(), &queue, &pool, nil, time.Millisecond, time.Millisecond, 4)
+	sch.sync()
+	sch.runQueue()
+	sch.sync()
+
+	c.Check(pool.starts, check.DeepEquals, []string{})
+	c.Check(pool.shutdowns, check.Equals, 0)
+	c.Check(pool.creates, check.HasLen, 0)
+	c.Check(queue.StateChanges(), check.DeepEquals, []test.QueueStateChange{
+		{UUID: test.ContainerUUID(5), From: "Locked", To: "Queued"},
+		{UUID: test.ContainerUUID(6), From: "Locked", To: "Queued"},
+	})
+}
+
+// Assuming we're not at quota, don't try to shutdown idle nodes
+// merely because we have more queued/locked supervisor containers
+// than MaxSupervisors -- it won't help.
+func (*SchedulerSuite) TestExcessSupervisors(c *check.C) {
+	ctx := ctxlog.Context(context.Background(), ctxlog.TestLogger(c))
+	queue := test.Queue{
+		ChooseType: chooseType,
+	}
+	for i := 1; i <= 8; i++ {
+		queue.Containers = append(queue.Containers, arvados.Container{
+			UUID:     test.ContainerUUID(i),
+			Priority: int64(1000 + i),
+			State:    arvados.ContainerStateQueued,
+			RuntimeConstraints: arvados.RuntimeConstraints{
+				VCPUs: 2,
+				RAM:   2 << 30,
+			},
+			SchedulingParameters: arvados.SchedulingParameters{
+				Supervisor: true,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	for i := 2; i < 4; i++ {
+		queue.Containers[i].State = arvados.ContainerStateLocked
+	}
+	for i := 4; i < 6; i++ {
+		queue.Containers[i].State = arvados.ContainerStateRunning
+	}
+	queue.Update()
+	pool := stubPool{
+		quota: 16,
+		unalloc: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 2,
+		},
+		idle: map[arvados.InstanceType]int{
+			test.InstanceType(2): 1,
+		},
+		running: map[string]time.Time{
+			test.ContainerUUID(5): {},
+			test.ContainerUUID(6): {},
+		},
+		creates:   []arvados.InstanceType{},
+		starts:    []string{},
+		canCreate: 0,
+	}
+	sch := New(ctx, arvados.NewClientFromEnv(), &queue, &pool, nil, time.Millisecond, time.Millisecond, 4)
+	sch.sync()
+	sch.runQueue()
+	sch.sync()
+
+	c.Check(pool.starts, check.HasLen, 2)
+	c.Check(pool.shutdowns, check.Equals, 0)
+	c.Check(pool.creates, check.HasLen, 0)
+	c.Check(queue.StateChanges(), check.HasLen, 0)
+}
+
 // Don't flap lock/unlock when equal-priority containers compete for
 // limited workers.
 //
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvados/client.go b/sdk/go/arvados/client.go
index d1a87e30e..6316d1bed 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvados/client.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvados/client.go
@@ -142,11 +142,12 @@ func NewClientFromConfig(cluster *Cluster) (*Client, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	return &Client{
-		Client:   hc,
-		Scheme:   ctrlURL.Scheme,
-		APIHost:  ctrlURL.Host,
-		Insecure: cluster.TLS.Insecure,
-		Timeout:  5 * time.Minute,
+		Client:         hc,
+		Scheme:         ctrlURL.Scheme,
+		APIHost:        ctrlURL.Host,
+		Insecure:       cluster.TLS.Insecure,
+		Timeout:        5 * time.Minute,
+		requestLimiter: requestLimiter{maxlimit: int64(cluster.API.MaxConcurrentRequests / 4)},
 	}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvados/limiter.go b/sdk/go/arvados/limiter.go
index f62264c63..dc944160a 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvados/limiter.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvados/limiter.go
@@ -13,11 +13,15 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-var requestLimiterQuietPeriod = time.Second
+var (
+	requestLimiterQuietPeriod        = time.Second
+	requestLimiterInitialLimit int64 = 8
+)
 
 type requestLimiter struct {
 	current    int64
 	limit      int64
+	maxlimit   int64
 	lock       sync.Mutex
 	cond       *sync.Cond
 	quietUntil time.Time
@@ -33,6 +37,7 @@ func (rl *requestLimiter) Acquire(ctx context.Context) {
 	if rl.cond == nil {
 		// First use of requestLimiter. Initialize.
 		rl.cond = sync.NewCond(&rl.lock)
+		rl.limit = requestLimiterInitialLimit
 	}
 	// Wait out the quiet period(s) immediately following a 503.
 	for ctx.Err() == nil {
@@ -137,9 +142,12 @@ func (rl *requestLimiter) Report(resp *http.Response, err error) bool {
 			increase = 1
 		}
 		rl.limit += increase
-		if max := rl.current * 2; max > rl.limit {
+		if max := rl.current * 2; max < rl.limit {
 			rl.limit = max
 		}
+		if rl.maxlimit > 0 && rl.maxlimit < rl.limit {
+			rl.limit = rl.maxlimit
+		}
 		rl.cond.Broadcast()
 	}
 	return false
diff --git a/sdk/go/arvados/limiter_test.go b/sdk/go/arvados/limiter_test.go
index d32ab9699..1e73b1c28 100644
--- a/sdk/go/arvados/limiter_test.go
+++ b/sdk/go/arvados/limiter_test.go
@@ -18,23 +18,23 @@ var _ = Suite(&limiterSuite{})
 
 type limiterSuite struct{}
 
-func (*limiterSuite) TestUnlimitedBeforeFirstReport(c *C) {
+func (*limiterSuite) TestInitialLimit(c *C) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(time.Minute))
 	defer cancel()
 	rl := requestLimiter{}
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(1000)
-	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+	wg.Add(int(requestLimiterInitialLimit))
+	for i := int64(0); i < requestLimiterInitialLimit; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			rl.Acquire(ctx)
 			wg.Done()
 		}()
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
-	c.Check(rl.current, Equals, int64(1000))
-	wg.Add(1000)
-	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+	c.Check(rl.current, Equals, requestLimiterInitialLimit)
+	wg.Add(int(requestLimiterInitialLimit))
+	for i := int64(0); i < requestLimiterInitialLimit; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			rl.Release()
 			wg.Done()
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ func (*limiterSuite) TestCancelWhileWaitingForAcquire(c *C) {
 	defer cancel()
 	rl := requestLimiter{}
 
-	rl.limit = 1
 	rl.Acquire(ctx)
+	rl.limit = 1
 	ctxShort, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond))
 	defer cancel()
 	rl.Acquire(ctxShort)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (*limiterSuite) TestReducedLimitAndQuietPeriod(c *C) {
 		rl.Acquire(ctx)
 	}
 	rl.Report(&http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusServiceUnavailable}, nil)
-	c.Check(rl.limit, Equals, int64(3))
+	c.Check(rl.limit, Equals, requestLimiterInitialLimit/2)
 	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
 		rl.Release()
 	}

commit cb5c0bedf02b989ed96b5b8b47eb8f23a7113aeb
Author: Brett Smith <brett.smith at curii.com>
Date:   Thu May 18 11:40:55 2023 -0400

    Merge branch '12684-pysdk-auto-retry'
    
    Closes #12684.
    
    Arvados-DCO-1.1-Signed-off-by: Brett Smith <brett.smith at curii.com>

diff --git a/doc/admin/upgrading.html.textile.liquid b/doc/admin/upgrading.html.textile.liquid
index 475a05acc..3b3f836a5 100644
--- a/doc/admin/upgrading.html.textile.liquid
+++ b/doc/admin/upgrading.html.textile.liquid
@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ TODO: extract this information based on git commit messages and generate changel
 <div class="releasenotes">
 </notextile>
 
+h2(#v2_6_3). v2.6.3 (2023-05-??)
+
+"previous: Upgrading to 2.6.2":#v2_6_2
+
+h3. Python SDK automatically retries failed requests much more
+
+The Python SDK has always provided functionality to retry API requests that fail due to temporary problems like network failures, by passing @num_retries=N@ to a request's @execute()@ method. In this release, API client constructor functions like @arvados.api@ also accept a @num_retries@ argument. This value is stored on the client object and used as a floor for all API requests made with this client. This allows developers to set their preferred retry strategy once, without having to pass it to each @execute()@ call.
+
+The default value for @num_retries@ in API constructor functions is 10. This means that an API request that repeatedly encounters temporary problems may spend up to about 35 minutes retrying in the worst case. We believe this is an appropriate default for most users, where eventual success is a much greater concern than responsiveness. If you have client applications where this is undesirable, update them to pass a lower @num_retries@ value to the constructor function. You can even pass @num_retries=0@ to have the API client act as it did before, like this:
+
+{% codeblock as python %}
+import arvados
+arv_client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=0, ...)
+{% endcodeblock %}
+
 h2(#v2_6_2). v2.6.2 (2023-05-22)
 
 "previous: Upgrading to 2.6.1":#v2_6_1
diff --git a/doc/sdk/python/api-client.html.textile.liquid b/doc/sdk/python/api-client.html.textile.liquid
index 020c0fc62..dabd2d37f 100644
--- a/doc/sdk/python/api-client.html.textile.liquid
+++ b/doc/sdk/python/api-client.html.textile.liquid
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The API client has a method that corresponds to each "type of resource supported
 
 Each resource object has a method that corresponds to each API method supported by that resource type. You call these methods with the keyword arguments and values documented in the API reference. They return an API request object.
 
-Each API request object has an @execute()@ method. You may pass a @num_retries@ integer argument to retry the operation that many times, with exponential back-off, in case of temporary errors like network problems. If it ultimately succeeds, it returns the kind of object documented in the API reference for that method. Usually that's a dictionary with details about the object you requested. If there's a problem, it raises an exception.
+Each API request object has an @execute()@ method. If it succeeds, it returns the kind of object documented in the API reference for that method. Usually that's a dictionary with details about the object you requested. If there's a problem, it raises an exception.
 
 Putting it all together, basic API requests usually look like:
 
@@ -54,10 +54,19 @@ Putting it all together, basic API requests usually look like:
 arv_object = arv_client.resource_type().api_method(
     argument=...,
     other_argument=...,
-).execute(num_retries=3)
+).execute()
 {% endcodeblock %}
 
-The following sections detail how to call "common resource methods in the API":{{site.baseurl}}/api/methods.html with more concrete examples. Additional methods may be available on specific resource types.
+Later sections detail how to call "common resource methods in the API":{{site.baseurl}}/api/methods.html with more concrete examples. Additional methods may be available on specific resource types.
+
+h3. Retrying failed requests
+
+If you execute an API request and it fails because of a temporary error like a network problem, the SDK waits with randomized exponential back-off, then retries the request. You can specify the maximum number of retries by passing a @num_retries@ integer to either @arvados.api@ or the @execute()@ method; the SDK will use whichever number is greater. The default number of retries is 10, which means that an API request could take up to about 35 minutes if the temporary problem persists that long. To disable automatic retries, just pass @num_retries=0@ to @arvados.api@:
+
+{% codeblock as python %}
+import arvados
+arv_client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=0, ...)
+{% endcodeblock %}
 
 h2. get method
 
diff --git a/lib/controller/integration_test.go b/lib/controller/integration_test.go
index e207e669c..12fc50089 100644
--- a/lib/controller/integration_test.go
+++ b/lib/controller/integration_test.go
@@ -1144,6 +1144,15 @@ func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestRunTrivialContainer(c *check.C) {
 }
 
 func (s *IntegrationSuite) TestContainerInputOnDifferentCluster(c *check.C) {
+	// As of Arvados 2.6.2 (April 2023), this test was going down the
+	// `if outcoll.UUID == ""` branch, checking that FUSE reports a specific
+	// error.
+	// With increased PySDK/FUSE retries from #12684, this test now trips up
+	// on #20425. The test times out as FUSE spends a long time retrying a
+	// request that will never succeed.
+	// This early skip can be removed after #20425 is fixed.
+	c.Skip("blocked by <https://dev.arvados.org/issues/20425>")
+	return
 	conn := s.super.Conn("z1111")
 	rootctx, _, _ := s.super.RootClients("z1111")
 	userctx, ac, _, _ := s.super.UserClients("z1111", rootctx, c, conn, s.oidcprovider.AuthEmail, true)
@@ -1241,7 +1250,11 @@ func (s *IntegrationSuite) runContainer(c *check.C, clusterID string, token stri
 		} else {
 			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
 				c.Errorf("timed out, container state is %q", cr.State)
-				showlogs(ctr.Log)
+				if ctr.Log == "" {
+					c.Logf("=== NO LOG COLLECTION saved for container")
+				} else {
+					showlogs(ctr.Log)
+				}
 				c.FailNow()
 			}
 			time.Sleep(time.Second / 2)
diff --git a/sdk/cwl/arvados_cwl/__init__.py b/sdk/cwl/arvados_cwl/__init__.py
index fe27b91ab..472243397 100644
--- a/sdk/cwl/arvados_cwl/__init__.py
+++ b/sdk/cwl/arvados_cwl/__init__.py
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ def versionstring():
 
 
 def arg_parser():  # type: () -> argparse.ArgumentParser
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Arvados executor for Common Workflow Language')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Arvados executor for Common Workflow Language',
+        parents=[arv_cmd.retry_opt],
+    )
 
     parser.add_argument("--basedir",
                         help="Base directory used to resolve relative references in the input, default to directory of input object file or current directory (if inputs piped/provided on command line).")
@@ -333,8 +336,14 @@ def main(args=sys.argv[1:],
     try:
         if api_client is None:
             api_client = arvados.safeapi.ThreadSafeApiCache(
-                api_params={"model": OrderedJsonModel(), "timeout": arvargs.http_timeout},
-                keep_params={"num_retries": 4},
+                api_params={
+                    'model': OrderedJsonModel(),
+                    'num_retries': arvargs.retries,
+                    'timeout': arvargs.http_timeout,
+                },
+                keep_params={
+                    'num_retries': arvargs.retries,
+                },
                 version='v1',
             )
             keep_client = api_client.keep
@@ -342,8 +351,18 @@ def main(args=sys.argv[1:],
             api_client.users().current().execute()
         if keep_client is None:
             block_cache = arvados.keep.KeepBlockCache(disk_cache=True)
-            keep_client = arvados.keep.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, num_retries=4, block_cache=block_cache)
-        executor = ArvCwlExecutor(api_client, arvargs, keep_client=keep_client, num_retries=4, stdout=stdout)
+            keep_client = arvados.keep.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=block_cache,
+                num_retries=arvargs.retries,
+            )
+        executor = ArvCwlExecutor(
+            api_client,
+            arvargs,
+            keep_client=keep_client,
+            num_retries=arvargs.retries,
+            stdout=stdout,
+        )
     except WorkflowException as e:
         logger.error(e, exc_info=(sys.exc_info()[1] if arvargs.debug else False))
         return 1
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/api.py b/sdk/python/arvados/api.py
index 19154f3e8..2ddce8e4c 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/api.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/api.py
@@ -27,19 +27,29 @@ import time
 import types
 
 import apiclient
+import apiclient.http
 from apiclient import discovery as apiclient_discovery
 from apiclient import errors as apiclient_errors
 from . import config
 from . import errors
+from . import retry
 from . import util
 from . import cache
 
 _logger = logging.getLogger('arvados.api')
 
 MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION_DURATION = 30
-RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL = 2
-RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF = 2
-RETRY_COUNT = 2
+
+# These constants supported our own retry logic that we've since removed in
+# favor of using googleapiclient's num_retries. They're kept here purely for
+# API compatibility, but set to 0 to indicate no retries happen.
+RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL = 0
+RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF = 0
+RETRY_COUNT = 0
+
+# An unused HTTP 5xx status code to request a retry internally.
+# See _intercept_http_request. This should not be user-visible.
+_RETRY_4XX_STATUS = 545
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3,):
     httplib2.SSLHandshakeError = None
@@ -64,6 +74,24 @@ class OrderedJsonModel(apiclient.model.JsonModel):
         return body
 
 
+_orig_retry_request = apiclient.http._retry_request
+def _retry_request(http, num_retries, *args, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        num_retries = max(num_retries, http.num_retries)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # `http` client object does not have a `num_retries` attribute.
+        # It apparently hasn't gone through _patch_http_request, possibly
+        # because this isn't an Arvados API client. Pass through to
+        # avoid interfering with other Google API clients.
+        return _orig_retry_request(http, num_retries, *args, **kwargs)
+    response, body = _orig_retry_request(http, num_retries, *args, **kwargs)
+    # If _intercept_http_request ran out of retries for a 4xx response,
+    # restore the original status code.
+    if response.status == _RETRY_4XX_STATUS:
+        response.status = int(response['status'])
+    return (response, body)
+apiclient.http._retry_request = _retry_request
+
 def _intercept_http_request(self, uri, method="GET", headers={}, **kwargs):
     if not headers.get('X-Request-Id'):
         headers['X-Request-Id'] = self._request_id()
@@ -75,12 +103,7 @@ def _intercept_http_request(self, uri, method="GET", headers={}, **kwargs):
 
         headers['Authorization'] = 'OAuth2 %s' % self.arvados_api_token
 
-        retryable = method in [
-            'DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'PUT']
-        retry_count = self._retry_count if retryable else 0
-
-        if (not retryable and
-            time.time() - self._last_request_time > self._max_keepalive_idle):
+        if (time.time() - self._last_request_time) > self._max_keepalive_idle:
             # High probability of failure due to connection atrophy. Make
             # sure this request [re]opens a new connection by closing and
             # forgetting all cached connections first.
@@ -88,32 +111,17 @@ def _intercept_http_request(self, uri, method="GET", headers={}, **kwargs):
                 conn.close()
             self.connections.clear()
 
-        delay = self._retry_delay_initial
-        for _ in range(retry_count):
-            self._last_request_time = time.time()
-            try:
-                return self.orig_http_request(uri, method, headers=headers, **kwargs)
-            except http.client.HTTPException:
-                _logger.debug("[%s] Retrying API request in %d s after HTTP error",
-                              headers['X-Request-Id'], delay, exc_info=True)
-            except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError as e:
-                raise ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(e.args[0], "Could not connect to %s\n%s\nPossible causes: remote SSL/TLS certificate expired, or was issued by an untrusted certificate authority." % (uri, e)) from None
-            except socket.error:
-                # This is the one case where httplib2 doesn't close the
-                # underlying connection first.  Close all open
-                # connections, expecting this object only has the one
-                # connection to the API server.  This is safe because
-                # httplib2 reopens connections when needed.
-                _logger.debug("[%s] Retrying API request in %d s after socket error",
-                              headers['X-Request-Id'], delay, exc_info=True)
-                for conn in self.connections.values():
-                    conn.close()
-
-            time.sleep(delay)
-            delay = delay * self._retry_delay_backoff
-
         self._last_request_time = time.time()
-        return self.orig_http_request(uri, method, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            response, body = self.orig_http_request(uri, method, headers=headers, **kwargs)
+        except ssl.SSLCertVerificationError as e:
+            raise ssl.SSLCertVerificationError(e.args[0], "Could not connect to %s\n%s\nPossible causes: remote SSL/TLS certificate expired, or was issued by an untrusted certificate authority." % (uri, e)) from None
+        # googleapiclient only retries 403, 429, and 5xx status codes.
+        # If we got another 4xx status that we want to retry, convert it into
+        # 5xx so googleapiclient handles it the way we want.
+        if response.status in retry._HTTP_CAN_RETRY and response.status < 500:
+            response.status = _RETRY_4XX_STATUS
+        return (response, body)
     except Exception as e:
         # Prepend "[request_id] " to the error message, which we
         # assume is the first string argument passed to the exception
@@ -124,16 +132,14 @@ def _intercept_http_request(self, uri, method="GET", headers={}, **kwargs):
                 raise type(e)(*e.args)
         raise
 
-def _patch_http_request(http, api_token):
+def _patch_http_request(http, api_token, num_retries):
     http.arvados_api_token = api_token
     http.max_request_size = 0
+    http.num_retries = num_retries
     http.orig_http_request = http.request
     http.request = types.MethodType(_intercept_http_request, http)
     http._last_request_time = 0
     http._max_keepalive_idle = MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION_DURATION
-    http._retry_delay_initial = RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL
-    http._retry_delay_backoff = RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF
-    http._retry_count = RETRY_COUNT
     http._request_id = util.new_request_id
     return http
 
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ def api_client(
         cache=True,
         http=None,
         insecure=False,
+        num_retries=10,
         request_id=None,
         timeout=5*60,
         **kwargs,
@@ -219,6 +226,10 @@ def api_client(
     insecure: bool
     : If true, ignore SSL certificate validation errors. Default `False`.
 
+    num_retries: int
+    : The number of times to retry each API request if it encounters a
+      temporary failure. Default 10.
+
     request_id: str | None
     : Default `X-Request-Id` header value for outgoing requests that
       don't already provide one. If `None` or omitted, generate a random
@@ -239,13 +250,14 @@ def api_client(
         )
     if http.timeout is None:
         http.timeout = timeout
-    http = _patch_http_request(http, token)
+    http = _patch_http_request(http, token, num_retries)
 
     svc = apiclient_discovery.build(
         'arvados', version,
         cache_discovery=False,
         discoveryServiceUrl=discoveryServiceUrl,
         http=http,
+        num_retries=num_retries,
         **kwargs,
     )
     svc.api_token = token
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/collection.py b/sdk/python/arvados/collection.py
index ebca15c54..23b4393a9 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/collection.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/collection.py
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ class Collection(RichCollectionBase):
     def __init__(self, manifest_locator_or_text=None,
                  api_client=None,
                  keep_client=None,
-                 num_retries=None,
+                 num_retries=10,
                  parent=None,
                  apiconfig=None,
                  block_manager=None,
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ class Collection(RichCollectionBase):
         else:
             self._config = config.settings()
 
-        self.num_retries = num_retries if num_retries is not None else 0
+        self.num_retries = num_retries
         self._manifest_locator = None
         self._manifest_text = None
         self._portable_data_hash = None
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/_util.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/_util.py
index d10d38eb5..17454b7d1 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/_util.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/_util.py
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ def _pos_int(s):
     return num
 
 retry_opt = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
-retry_opt.add_argument('--retries', type=_pos_int, default=3, help="""
+retry_opt.add_argument('--retries', type=_pos_int, default=10, help="""
 Maximum number of times to retry server requests that encounter temporary
-failures (e.g., server down).  Default 3.""")
+failures (e.g., server down).  Default 10.""")
 
 def _ignore_error(error):
     return None
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/arv_copy.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/arv_copy.py
index 7951842ac..63c0cbea2 100755
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/arv_copy.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/arv_copy.py
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ def main():
         args.source_arvados = args.object_uuid[:5]
 
     # Create API clients for the source and destination instances
-    src_arv = api_for_instance(args.source_arvados)
-    dst_arv = api_for_instance(args.destination_arvados)
+    src_arv = api_for_instance(args.source_arvados, args.retries)
+    dst_arv = api_for_instance(args.destination_arvados, args.retries)
 
     if not args.project_uuid:
         args.project_uuid = dst_arv.users().current().execute(num_retries=args.retries)["uuid"]
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def set_src_owner_uuid(resource, uuid, args):
 #     Otherwise, it is presumed to be the name of a file in
 #     $HOME/.config/arvados/instance_name.conf
 #
-def api_for_instance(instance_name):
+def api_for_instance(instance_name, num_retries):
     if not instance_name:
         # Use environment
         return arvados.api('v1', model=OrderedJsonModel())
@@ -214,7 +214,9 @@ def api_for_instance(instance_name):
                              host=cfg['ARVADOS_API_HOST'],
                              token=cfg['ARVADOS_API_TOKEN'],
                              insecure=api_is_insecure,
-                             model=OrderedJsonModel())
+                             model=OrderedJsonModel(),
+                             num_retries=num_retries,
+                             )
     else:
         abort('need ARVADOS_API_HOST and ARVADOS_API_TOKEN for {}'.format(instance_name))
     return client
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/federation_migrate.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/federation_migrate.py
index 5c1bb29e7..32b3211f1 100755
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/federation_migrate.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/federation_migrate.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import os
 import hashlib
 import re
 from arvados._version import __version__
+from . import _util as arv_cmd
 
 EMAIL=0
 USERNAME=1
@@ -43,10 +44,10 @@ def connect_clusters(args):
                 host = r[0]
                 token = r[1]
                 print("Contacting %s" % (host))
-                arv = arvados.api(host=host, token=token, cache=False)
+                arv = arvados.api(host=host, token=token, cache=False, num_retries=args.retries)
                 clusters[arv._rootDesc["uuidPrefix"]] = arv
     else:
-        arv = arvados.api(cache=False)
+        arv = arvados.api(cache=False, num_retries=args.retries)
         rh = arv._rootDesc["remoteHosts"]
         tok = arv.api_client_authorizations().current().execute()
         token = "v2/%s/%s" % (tok["uuid"], tok["api_token"])
@@ -326,7 +327,10 @@ def migrate_user(args, migratearv, email, new_user_uuid, old_user_uuid):
 
 
 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Migrate users to federated identity, see https://doc.arvados.org/admin/merge-remote-account.html')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Migrate users to federated identity, see https://doc.arvados.org/admin/merge-remote-account.html',
+        parents=[arv_cmd.retry_opt],
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         '--version', action='version', version="%s %s" % (sys.argv[0], __version__),
         help='Print version and exit.')
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/get.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/get.py
index bb421def6..89b333808 100755
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/get.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/get.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def main(arguments=None, stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr):
     request_id = arvados.util.new_request_id()
     logger.info('X-Request-Id: '+request_id)
 
-    api_client = arvados.api('v1', request_id=request_id)
+    api_client = arvados.api('v1', request_id=request_id, num_retries=args.retries)
 
     r = re.search(r'^(.*?)(/.*)?$', args.locator)
     col_loc = r.group(1)
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/keepdocker.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/keepdocker.py
index 2d5c0150c..922256a27 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/keepdocker.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/keepdocker.py
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ def _uuid2pdh(api, uuid):
 def main(arguments=None, stdout=sys.stdout, install_sig_handlers=True, api=None):
     args = arg_parser.parse_args(arguments)
     if api is None:
-        api = arvados.api('v1')
+        api = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=args.retries)
 
     if args.image is None or args.image == 'images':
         fmt = "{:30}  {:10}  {:12}  {:29}  {:20}\n"
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ls.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ls.py
index 86e728ed4..ac038f504 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ls.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ls.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def main(args, stdout, stderr, api_client=None, logger=None):
     args = parse_args(args)
 
     if api_client is None:
-        api_client = arvados.api('v1')
+        api_client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=args.retries)
 
     if logger is None:
         logger = logging.getLogger('arvados.arv-ls')
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/put.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/put.py
index be7cd629c..0e732eafd 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/put.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/put.py
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ def main(arguments=None, stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr,
     logging.getLogger('arvados').handlers[0].setFormatter(formatter)
 
     if api_client is None:
-        api_client = arvados.api('v1', request_id=request_id)
+        api_client = arvados.api('v1', request_id=request_id, num_retries=args.retries)
 
     if install_sig_handlers:
         arv_cmd.install_signal_handlers()
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ws.py b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ws.py
index 37dab55d6..04a90cf20 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ws.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/commands/ws.py
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@ import arvados
 import json
 from arvados.events import subscribe
 from arvados._version import __version__
+from . import _util as arv_cmd
 import signal
 
 def main(arguments=None):
     logger = logging.getLogger('arvados.arv-ws')
 
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(parents=[arv_cmd.retry_opt])
     parser.add_argument('--version', action='version',
                         version="%s %s" % (sys.argv[0], __version__),
                         help='Print version and exit.')
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ def main(arguments=None):
             filters = new_filters
             known_component_jobs = pipeline_jobs
 
-    api = arvados.api('v1')
+    api = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=args.retries)
 
     if args.uuid:
         filters += [ ['object_uuid', '=', args.uuid] ]
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/keep.py b/sdk/python/arvados/keep.py
index 8658774cb..a2c8fd249 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/keep.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/keep.py
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ class KeepClient(object):
     def __init__(self, api_client=None, proxy=None,
                  timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, proxy_timeout=DEFAULT_PROXY_TIMEOUT,
                  api_token=None, local_store=None, block_cache=None,
-                 num_retries=0, session=None):
+                 num_retries=10, session=None):
         """Initialize a new KeepClient.
 
         Arguments:
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ class KeepClient(object):
         :num_retries:
           The default number of times to retry failed requests.
           This will be used as the default num_retries value when get() and
-          put() are called.  Default 0.
+          put() are called.  Default 10.
         """
         self.lock = threading.Lock()
         if proxy is None:
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/retry.py b/sdk/python/arvados/retry.py
index e93624a5d..2168146a4 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/retry.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/retry.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from collections import deque
 import arvados.errors
 
 _HTTP_SUCCESSES = set(range(200, 300))
-_HTTP_CAN_RETRY = set([408, 409, 422, 423, 500, 502, 503, 504])
+_HTTP_CAN_RETRY = set([408, 409, 423, 500, 502, 503, 504])
 
 class RetryLoop(object):
     """Coordinate limited retries of code.
@@ -200,10 +200,6 @@ def check_http_response_success(status_code):
     * Any 2xx result returns `True`.
 
     * A select few status codes, or any malformed responses, return `None`.
-      422 Unprocessable Entity is in this category.  This may not meet the
-      letter of the HTTP specification, but the Arvados API server will
-      use it for various server-side problems like database connection
-      errors.
 
     * Everything else returns `False`.  Note that this includes 1xx and
       3xx status codes.  They don't indicate success, and you can't
diff --git a/sdk/python/arvados/stream.py b/sdk/python/arvados/stream.py
index edfb7711b..eadfbbec0 100644
--- a/sdk/python/arvados/stream.py
+++ b/sdk/python/arvados/stream.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ from ._normalize_stream import normalize_stream
 
 class StreamReader(object):
     def __init__(self, tokens, keep=None, debug=False, _empty=False,
-                 num_retries=0):
+                 num_retries=10):
         self._stream_name = None
         self._data_locators = []
         self._files = collections.OrderedDict()
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/arvados_testutil.py b/sdk/python/tests/arvados_testutil.py
index 003565979..35e85d119 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/arvados_testutil.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/arvados_testutil.py
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ def mock_responses(body, *codes, **headers):
     return mock.patch('httplib2.Http.request', side_effect=queue_with((
         (fake_httplib2_response(code, **headers), body) for code in codes)))
 
-def mock_api_responses(api_client, body, codes, headers={}):
+def mock_api_responses(api_client, body, codes, headers={}, method='request'):
     if not isinstance(body, bytes) and hasattr(body, 'encode'):
         body = body.encode()
-    return mock.patch.object(api_client._http, 'request', side_effect=queue_with((
+    return mock.patch.object(api_client._http, method, side_effect=queue_with((
         (fake_httplib2_response(code, **headers), body) for code in codes)))
 
 def str_keep_locator(s):
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_api.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_api.py
index 20c4f346a..8667d5160 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_api.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from builtins import str
 from builtins import range
 import arvados
 import collections
+import contextlib
 import httplib2
 import itertools
 import json
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import mimetypes
 import os
 import socket
 import string
+import sys
 import unittest
 import urllib.parse as urlparse
 
@@ -27,11 +29,8 @@ from arvados.api import (
     normalize_api_kwargs,
     api_kwargs_from_config,
     OrderedJsonModel,
-    RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL,
-    RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF,
-    RETRY_COUNT,
 )
-from .arvados_testutil import fake_httplib2_response, queue_with
+from .arvados_testutil import fake_httplib2_response, mock_api_responses, queue_with
 
 if not mimetypes.inited:
     mimetypes.init()
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ if not mimetypes.inited:
 class ArvadosApiTest(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
     MAIN_SERVER = {}
     ERROR_HEADERS = {'Content-Type': mimetypes.types_map['.json']}
+    RETRIED_4XX = frozenset([408, 409, 423])
 
     def api_error_response(self, code, *errors):
         return (fake_httplib2_response(code, **self.ERROR_HEADERS),
@@ -150,6 +150,57 @@ class ArvadosApiTest(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
         self.assertEqual(api._http.timeout, 1234,
             "Requested timeout value was 1234")
 
+    def test_4xx_retried(self):
+        client = arvados.api('v1')
+        for code in self.RETRIED_4XX:
+            name = f'retried #{code}'
+            with self.subTest(name), mock.patch('time.sleep'):
+                expected = {'username': name}
+                with mock_api_responses(
+                        client,
+                        json.dumps(expected),
+                        [code, code, 200],
+                        self.ERROR_HEADERS,
+                        'orig_http_request',
+                ):
+                    actual = client.users().current().execute()
+                self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
+    def test_4xx_not_retried(self):
+        client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=3)
+        # Note that googleapiclient does retry 403 *if* the response JSON
+        # includes flags that say the request was denied by rate limiting.
+        # An empty JSON response like we use here should not be retried.
+        for code in [400, 401, 403, 404, 422]:
+            with self.subTest(f'error {code}'), mock.patch('time.sleep'):
+                with mock_api_responses(
+                        client,
+                        b'{}',
+                        [code, 200],
+                        self.ERROR_HEADERS,
+                        'orig_http_request',
+                ), self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.ApiError) as exc_check:
+                    client.users().current().execute()
+                response = exc_check.exception.args[0]
+                self.assertEqual(response.status, code)
+                self.assertEqual(response.get('status'), str(code))
+
+    def test_4xx_raised_after_retry_exhaustion(self):
+        client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=1)
+        for code in self.RETRIED_4XX:
+            with self.subTest(f'failed {code}'), mock.patch('time.sleep'):
+                with mock_api_responses(
+                        client,
+                        b'{}',
+                        [code, code, code, 200],
+                        self.ERROR_HEADERS,
+                        'orig_http_request',
+                ), self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.ApiError) as exc_check:
+                    client.users().current().execute()
+                response = exc_check.exception.args[0]
+                self.assertEqual(response.status, code)
+                self.assertEqual(response.get('status'), str(code))
+
     def test_ordered_json_model(self):
         mock_responses = {
             'arvados.humans.get': (
@@ -341,7 +392,78 @@ class ArvadosApiTest(run_test_server.TestCaseWithServers):
                 api_client(*args, insecure=True)
 
 
-class RetryREST(unittest.TestCase):
+class ConstructNumRetriesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fake_retry_request(http, num_retries, req_type, sleep, rand, uri, method, *args, **kwargs):
+        return http.request(uri, method, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def patch_retry(self):
+        # We have this dedicated context manager that goes through `sys.modules`
+        # instead of just using `mock.patch` because of the unfortunate
+        # `arvados.api` name collision.
+        orig_func = sys.modules['arvados.api']._orig_retry_request
+        expect_name = 'googleapiclient.http._retry_request'
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '{0.__module__}.{0.__name__}'.format(orig_func), expect_name,
+            f"test setup problem: {expect_name} not at arvados.api._orig_retry_request",
+        )
+        retry_mock = mock.Mock(wraps=self._fake_retry_request)
+        sys.modules['arvados.api']._orig_retry_request = retry_mock
+        try:
+            yield retry_mock
+        finally:
+            sys.modules['arvados.api']._orig_retry_request = orig_func
+
+    def _iter_num_retries(self, retry_mock):
+        for call in retry_mock.call_args_list:
+            try:
+                yield call.args[1]
+            except IndexError:
+                yield call.kwargs['num_retries']
+
+    def test_default_num_retries(self):
+        with self.patch_retry() as retry_mock:
+            client = arvados.api('v1')
+        actual = set(self._iter_num_retries(retry_mock))
+        self.assertEqual(len(actual), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(actual.pop() > 6, "num_retries lower than expected")
+
+    def _test_calls(self, init_arg, call_args, expected):
+        with self.patch_retry() as retry_mock:
+            client = arvados.api('v1', num_retries=init_arg)
+            for num_retries in call_args:
+                client.users().current().execute(num_retries=num_retries)
+        actual = self._iter_num_retries(retry_mock)
+        # The constructor makes two requests with its num_retries argument:
+        # one for the discovery document, and one for the config.
+        self.assertEqual(next(actual, None), init_arg)
+        self.assertEqual(next(actual, None), init_arg)
+        self.assertEqual(list(actual), expected)
+
+    def test_discovery_num_retries(self):
+        for num_retries in [0, 5, 55]:
+            with self.subTest(f"num_retries={num_retries}"):
+                self._test_calls(num_retries, [], [])
+
+    def test_num_retries_called_le_init(self):
+        for n in [6, 10]:
+            with self.subTest(f"init_arg={n}"):
+                call_args = [n - 4, n - 2, n]
+                expected = [n] * 3
+                self._test_calls(n, call_args, expected)
+
+    def test_num_retries_called_ge_init(self):
+        for n in [0, 10]:
+            with self.subTest(f"init_arg={n}"):
+                call_args = [n, n + 4, n + 8]
+                self._test_calls(n, call_args, call_args)
+
+    def test_num_retries_called_mixed(self):
+        self._test_calls(5, [2, 6, 4, 8], [5, 6, 5, 8])
+
+
+class PreCloseSocketTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.api = arvados.api('v1')
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.api._http, 'orig_http_request'),
@@ -353,59 +475,6 @@ class RetryREST(unittest.TestCase):
         # All requests succeed by default. Tests override as needed.
         self.api._http.orig_http_request.return_value = self.request_success
 
-    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
-    def test_socket_error_retry_get(self, sleep):
-        self.api._http.orig_http_request.side_effect = (
-            socket.error('mock error'),
-            self.request_success,
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(self.api.users().current().execute(),
-                         self.mock_response)
-        self.assertGreater(self.api._http.orig_http_request.call_count, 1,
-                           "client got the right response without retrying")
-        self.assertEqual(sleep.call_args_list,
-                         [mock.call(RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL)])
-
-    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
-    def test_same_automatic_request_id_on_retry(self, sleep):
-        self.api._http.orig_http_request.side_effect = (
-            socket.error('mock error'),
-            self.request_success,
-        )
-        self.api.users().current().execute()
-        calls = self.api._http.orig_http_request.call_args_list
-        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            calls[0][1]['headers']['X-Request-Id'],
-            calls[1][1]['headers']['X-Request-Id'])
-        self.assertRegex(calls[0][1]['headers']['X-Request-Id'], r'^req-[a-z0-9]{20}$')
-
-    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
-    def test_provided_request_id_on_retry(self, sleep):
-        self.api.request_id='fake-request-id'
-        self.api._http.orig_http_request.side_effect = (
-            socket.error('mock error'),
-            self.request_success,
-        )
-        self.api.users().current().execute()
-        calls = self.api._http.orig_http_request.call_args_list
-        self.assertEqual(len(calls), 2)
-        for call in calls:
-            self.assertEqual(call[1]['headers']['X-Request-Id'], 'fake-request-id')
-
-    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
-    def test_socket_error_retry_delay(self, sleep):
-        self.api._http.orig_http_request.side_effect = socket.error('mock')
-        self.api._http._retry_count = 3
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error):
-            self.api.users().current().execute()
-        self.assertEqual(self.api._http.orig_http_request.call_count, 4)
-        self.assertEqual(sleep.call_args_list, [
-            mock.call(RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL),
-            mock.call(RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL * RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF),
-            mock.call(RETRY_DELAY_INITIAL * RETRY_DELAY_BACKOFF**2),
-        ])
-
     @mock.patch('time.time', side_effect=[i*2**20 for i in range(99)])
     def test_close_old_connections_non_retryable(self, sleep):
         self._test_connection_close(expect=1)
@@ -429,18 +498,6 @@ class RetryREST(unittest.TestCase):
         for c in mock_conns.values():
             self.assertEqual(c.close.call_count, expect)
 
-    @mock.patch('time.sleep')
-    def test_socket_error_no_retry_post(self, sleep):
-        self.api._http.orig_http_request.side_effect = (
-            socket.error('mock error'),
-            self.request_success,
-        )
-        with self.assertRaises(socket.error):
-            self.api.users().create(body={}).execute()
-        self.assertEqual(self.api._http.orig_http_request.call_count, 1,
-                         "client should try non-retryable method exactly once")
-        self.assertEqual(sleep.call_args_list, [])
-
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py
index b45a592ec..691716b3f 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_arvfile.py
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
         for r in [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1, 0], [3, 2, 0, 4, 1]]:
-            with Collection() as c:
+            with Collection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
                 writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
                 self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
 
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class ArvadosFileWriterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         keep = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockKeep({})
         api = ArvadosFileWriterTestCase.MockApi({}, {})
         for r in [[0, 1, 2, 4], [4, 2, 1, 0], [2, 0, 4, 1]]:
-            with Collection() as c:
+            with Collection(api_client=api, keep_client=keep) as c:
                 writer = c.open("count.txt", "rb+")
                 self.assertEqual(writer.size(), 0)
 
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_collections.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_collections.py
index 8986cf225..c79607fca 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_collections.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_collections.py
@@ -538,11 +538,11 @@ class CollectionReaderTestCase(unittest.TestCase, CollectionTestMixin):
         self.mock_get_collection(client, status, 'foo_file')
         return client
 
-    def test_init_no_default_retries(self):
+    def test_init_default_retries(self):
         client = self.api_client_mock(200)
         reader = arvados.CollectionReader(self.DEFAULT_UUID, api_client=client)
         reader.manifest_text()
-        client.collections().get().execute.assert_called_with(num_retries=0)
+        client.collections().get().execute.assert_called_with(num_retries=10)
 
     def test_uuid_init_success(self):
         client = self.api_client_mock(200)
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
index 0fe396113..f472c0830 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_keep_client.py
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         try:
             # this will fail, but it ensures we get the service
             # discovery response
-            keep_client.put('baz2')
+            keep_client.put('baz2', num_retries=0)
         except:
             pass
         self.assertTrue(keep_client.using_proxy)
@@ -338,7 +338,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError):
                 keep_client.get('ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -355,7 +359,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError):
                 keep_client.put(b'foo')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -372,7 +380,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError):
                 keep_client.head('ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -389,7 +401,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='proxy', count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError):
                 keep_client.get('ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -406,7 +422,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='proxy', count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError):
                 keep_client.head('ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -424,7 +444,10 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='proxy', count=1)
         force_timeout = socket.timeout("timed out")
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(force_timeout, 0) as mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client)
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError):
                 keep_client.put('foo')
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -441,7 +464,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = mock.MagicMock(name='api_client')
         api_client.keep_services().accessible().execute.side_effect = (
             arvados.errors.ApiError)
-        keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+        keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+            api_client=api_client,
+            block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+            num_retries=0,
+        )
         with self.assertRaises(exc_class) as err_check:
             getattr(keep_client, verb)('d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e+0')
         self.assertEqual(0, len(err_check.exception.request_errors()))
@@ -461,7 +488,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
             "retry error reporting test", 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 502, 502)
         with req_mock, tutil.skip_sleep, \
                 self.assertRaises(exc_class) as err_check:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             getattr(keep_client, verb)('d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e+0',
                                        num_retries=3)
         self.assertEqual([502, 502], [
@@ -484,7 +515,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(count=3)
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(data_loc, 200, 500, 500) as req_mock, \
                 self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError) as exc_check:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             keep_client.put(data)
         self.assertEqual(2, len(exc_check.exception.request_errors()))
 
@@ -494,8 +529,12 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='proxy', read_only=True, count=1)
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(data_loc, 200, 500, 500) as req_mock, \
                 self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError) as exc_check:
-          keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
-          keep_client.put(data)
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
+            keep_client.put(data)
         self.assertEqual(True, ("no Keep services available" in str(exc_check.exception)))
         self.assertEqual(0, len(exc_check.exception.request_errors()))
 
@@ -503,7 +542,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         body = b'oddball service get'
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='fancynewblobstore')
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(body, 200):
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             actual = keep_client.get(tutil.str_keep_locator(body))
         self.assertEqual(body, actual)
 
@@ -512,7 +555,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         pdh = tutil.str_keep_locator(body)
         api_client = self.mock_keep_services(service_type='fancynewblobstore')
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(pdh, 200):
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             actual = keep_client.put(body, copies=1)
         self.assertEqual(pdh, actual)
 
@@ -524,7 +571,11 @@ class KeepClientServiceTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCach
         headers = {'x-keep-replicas-stored': 3}
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(pdh, 200, 418, 418, 418,
                                        **headers) as req_mock:
-            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(api_client=api_client, block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache))
+            keep_client = arvados.KeepClient(
+                api_client=api_client,
+                block_cache=self.make_block_cache(self.disk_cache),
+                num_retries=0,
+            )
             actual = keep_client.put(body, copies=2)
         self.assertEqual(pdh, actual)
         self.assertEqual(1, req_mock.call_count)
@@ -638,7 +689,7 @@ class KeepStorageClassesTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCac
             'x-keep-storage-classes-confirmed': 'foo=1'}
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(self.locator, 200, 503, **headers) as mock:
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError):
-                self.keep_client.put(self.data, copies=1, classes=['foo', 'bar'])
+                self.keep_client.put(self.data, copies=1, classes=['foo', 'bar'], num_retries=0)
             # 1st request, both classes pending
             req1_headers = mock.responses[0].getopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER)
             self.assertIn('X-Keep-Storage-Classes: bar, foo', req1_headers)
@@ -689,7 +740,7 @@ class KeepStorageClassesTestCase(unittest.TestCase, tutil.ApiClientMock, DiskCac
             with tutil.mock_keep_responses(self.locator, return_code, return_code, **headers):
                 case_desc = 'wanted_copies={}, wanted_classes="{}", confirmed_copies={}, confirmed_classes="{}"'.format(w_copies, ', '.join(w_classes), c_copies, c_classes)
                 with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepWriteError, msg=case_desc):
-                    self.keep_client.put(self.data, copies=w_copies, classes=w_classes)
+                    self.keep_client.put(self.data, copies=w_copies, classes=w_classes, num_retries=0)
 
 @tutil.skip_sleep
 @parameterized.parameterized_class([{"disk_cache": True}, {"disk_cache": False}])
@@ -1250,10 +1301,6 @@ class KeepClientRetryTestMixin(object):
         with self.TEST_PATCHER(self.DEFAULT_EXPECT, Exception('mock err'), 200):
             self.check_success(num_retries=3)
 
-    def test_no_default_retry(self):
-        with self.TEST_PATCHER(self.DEFAULT_EXPECT, 500, 200):
-            self.check_exception()
-
     def test_no_retry_after_permanent_error(self):
         with self.TEST_PATCHER(self.DEFAULT_EXPECT, 403, 200):
             self.check_exception(num_retries=3)
@@ -1293,7 +1340,7 @@ class KeepClientRetryGetTestCase(KeepClientRetryTestMixin, unittest.TestCase, Di
         # and a high threshold of servers report that it's not found.
         # This test rigs up 50/50 disagreement between two servers, and
         # checks that it does not become a NotFoundError.
-        client = self.new_client()
+        client = self.new_client(num_retries=0)
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(self.DEFAULT_EXPECT, 404, 500):
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError) as exc_check:
                 client.get(self.HINTED_LOCATOR)
@@ -1341,7 +1388,7 @@ class KeepClientRetryHeadTestCase(KeepClientRetryTestMixin, unittest.TestCase, D
         # and a high threshold of servers report that it's not found.
         # This test rigs up 50/50 disagreement between two servers, and
         # checks that it does not become a NotFoundError.
-        client = self.new_client()
+        client = self.new_client(num_retries=0)
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses(self.DEFAULT_EXPECT, 404, 500):
             with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError) as exc_check:
                 client.head(self.HINTED_LOCATOR)
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_retry.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_retry.py
index 2d0200593..bcf784d13 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_retry.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_retry.py
@@ -174,14 +174,14 @@ class CheckHTTPResponseSuccessTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.check_is(True, *list(range(200, 207)))
 
     def test_obvious_stops(self):
-        self.check_is(False, 424, 426, 428, 431,
+        self.check_is(False, 422, 424, 426, 428, 431,
                       *list(range(400, 408)) + list(range(410, 420)))
 
     def test_obvious_retries(self):
         self.check_is(None, 500, 502, 503, 504)
 
     def test_4xx_retries(self):
-        self.check_is(None, 408, 409, 422, 423)
+        self.check_is(None, 408, 409, 423)
 
     def test_5xx_failures(self):
         self.check_is(False, 501, *list(range(505, 512)))
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_retry_job_helpers.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_retry_job_helpers.py
index 76c62cb0c..9389b25c8 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_retry_job_helpers.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_retry_job_helpers.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class ApiClientRetryTestMixin(object):
     def setUp(self):
         # Patch arvados.api() to return our mock API, so we can mock
         # its http requests.
-        self.api_client = arvados.api('v1', cache=False)
+        self.api_client = arvados.api('v1', cache=False, num_retries=0)
         self.api_patch = mock.patch('arvados.api', return_value=self.api_client)
         self.api_patch.start()
 
diff --git a/sdk/python/tests/test_stream.py b/sdk/python/tests/test_stream.py
index dc84a037f..12a3340ea 100644
--- a/sdk/python/tests/test_stream.py
+++ b/sdk/python/tests/test_stream.py
@@ -223,13 +223,6 @@ class StreamRetryTestMixin(object):
             reader = self.reader_for('bar_file')
             self.assertEqual(b'bar', self.read_for_test(reader, 3))
 
-    @tutil.skip_sleep
-    def test_read_no_default_retry(self):
-        with tutil.mock_keep_responses('', 500):
-            reader = self.reader_for('user_agreement')
-            with self.assertRaises(arvados.errors.KeepReadError):
-                self.read_for_test(reader, 10)
-
     @tutil.skip_sleep
     def test_read_with_instance_retries(self):
         with tutil.mock_keep_responses('foo', 500, 200):
diff --git a/services/fuse/arvados_fuse/command.py b/services/fuse/arvados_fuse/command.py
index e275825a6..95b9a9773 100644
--- a/services/fuse/arvados_fuse/command.py
+++ b/services/fuse/arvados_fuse/command.py
@@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ class Mount(object):
         try:
             self.api = arvados.safeapi.ThreadSafeApiCache(
                 apiconfig=arvados.config.settings(),
+                api_params={
+                    'num_retries': self.args.retries,
+                },
                 # default value of file_cache is 0, this tells KeepBlockCache to
                 # choose a default based on whether disk_cache is enabled or not.
                 keep_params={
diff --git a/services/fuse/tests/test_command_args.py b/services/fuse/tests/test_command_args.py
index ed5902962..600bb0fe2 100644
--- a/services/fuse/tests/test_command_args.py
+++ b/services/fuse/tests/test_command_args.py
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class MountErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_bogus_host(self):
         arvados.config._settings["ARVADOS_API_HOST"] = "100::"
-        with self.assertRaises(SystemExit) as ex:
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemExit) as ex, mock.patch('time.sleep'):
             args = arvados_fuse.command.ArgumentParser().parse_args([self.mntdir])
             arvados_fuse.command.Mount(args, logger=self.logger).run()
         self.assertEqual(1, ex.exception.code)
diff --git a/services/fuse/tests/test_retry.py b/services/fuse/tests/test_retry.py
index b69707af4..44ab5cce9 100644
--- a/services/fuse/tests/test_retry.py
+++ b/services/fuse/tests/test_retry.py
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ class KeepClientRetry(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
         self.assertEqual(num_retries, kc.call_args[1].get('num_retries'))
 
-    def test_default_retry_3(self):
-        self._test_retry(3, [])
+    def test_default_retry_10(self):
+        self._test_retry(10, [])
 
     def test_retry_2(self):
         self._test_retry(2, ['--retries=2'])

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